![]() | This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: Many further events have been made.(June 2025) |
The Islamic State insurgency in Puntland started on 22 October 2015 after former al-Shabaab jihadist Abdul Qadir Mumin pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi and the Islamic State, creating the "Islamic State in Somalia" (Abnaa ul-Calipha) and settling in the Galgala region, in Puntland. [13] [14] [15]
Since the onset of the Islamic State in Puntland, it has engaged in numerous clashes with al-Shabab, Puntland forces, and the United States' military. In 2016, the Islamic State took control of Qandala for nearly two weeks. [16] In 2018, heavy fighting broke out between the Islamic State and al-Shabab. [17] [18] [19] In 2019, the Islamic State carried out IED attacks. [20] Puntland Forces also executed several Al-Shaabab and Islamic State militants. [21] In 2020, Puntland began a campaign against the Islamic State with the help of the US military. The Islamic State claimed to have killed US troops. [22] [23] [24] In 2021, the Islamic State continued hit and run attacks. [25] In 2023, the Islamic State increased its activity and engaged in a few skirmishes with Al-Shabaab in 2023. [26] [27] [28] On January 25, Bilal al-Sudani was killed in a raid by DEVGRU. [29]
In November 2024, the semi-autonomous state of Puntland declared a major military offensive, led by the Puntland Security Forces, Puntland Dervish Forces,Puntland Maritime Police Forces, with support from the United States Africa Command, and the United Arab Emirate Airforce against the Islamic State in the Bari region. [30] The operation was codenamed Hilaac Operation . This marked the first time that Puntland forces had launched a major military offensive on this scale since the Qandala campaign in 2016. [31] [32] [33]
On October 26, 2016, fighters aligned with the Islamic State captured the small port town of Qandala in Puntland's Bari region. This was the first town Islamic State had taken control of in Somalia, the first notable expansion of their influence beyond their usual mountainous hideouts. [34]
The takeover led to the displacement of over 25,700 civilians and the humanitarian impact of the conflict. [35]
Puntland Security Forces (PSF) launched a counter-offensive on December 3, 2016, which took aim at retaking Qandala. This operation involved both land and sea movements and faced resistance from Islamic State fighters, who had set up defenses around the town. [36]
On December 7, 2016, Puntland forces successfully retook Qandala, with no resistance encountered as Islamic State had retreated to the mountainous areas south of the town. [37]
After retaking Qandala, Puntland forces continued their operations into the nearby mountains, where they attacked and destroyed an Islamic State base at El Ladid on December 18, 2016. This was part of efforts to prevent Islamic State from regrouping. [38]
Qandala's capture was both strategically and symbolically important for Islamic State. It provided them with a port for potential supply lines from Yemen and was a symbol of resistance due to historical significance in Somali culture. [38]
The conflict exacerbated humanitarian issues, with schools closed, and the local population facing increased hardships amidst an ongoing drought. Humanitarian aid was provided to some of the displaced in nearby areas that included Buruc village. [35]
On 26 June 2023, the Puntland Police Force arrested nine foreign individuals from Ethiopia, Sudan and Syria in Amaamo, Balidhidin of the Bari region and released their names. [39]
On the early morning of 31 December 2024, 12 Inghimāsīyyūn from the Islamic State attacked an amassing Dervish force prepped for the Hilaac campaign. The assault began with a suicide vehicle-borne improvised explosive device (SVBIED) targeting the supply camp, causing both casualties and material damage. This was shortly followed by another SVBIED, which included two suicide bombers, targeting the main camp. After the initial explosions, the remaining Inghimāsīyyūn began engaging Puntland forces for several hours until they were eliminated. [40] [41] [42] Puntland forces said they had killed 8 fighters and had "foiled" the attack. [43] Following the attack, multiple videos and images were released by reporters showing a collapsed building resulting from the SVBIED blasts, several burned-out vehicles, and the bodies of the Islamic State fighters. Amaq later released a report stating to have killed 20+ Puntland forces and wounded over 10, and inflicted significant material damage, which aligned with what had been reported. [44] Puntland's claim of foiling the attack was questioned by some security analysts, as the role of an Inghimāsīy is to inflict as much damage as possible, expecting to be killed. Given that the Islamic State successfully achieved this objective, it could be seen that the Dharjaale assault was a victory for the Islamic State. This attack was the first of its kind in terms of scale and sophistication for the Islamic State in Somalia, occurring just after Puntland announced a major offensive against both the Islamic State and al-Shabaab. President Said Abdullahi Deni has been actively involved, meeting with security officials in Bosaso to prepare for this campaign. The offensive is seen as part of a broader strategy to eliminate the Islamic State presence in the region, with some implications for Islamic State operations in Western & Central Africa. [45]
After the Islamic State attack, high-ranking officials, including members of the Task Force, Puntland lawmakers, the Director of the Puntland Maritime Police Force, and presidential aides, were at the airport to manage the evacuation of the injured soldiers. The soldiers were flown out of Bosaso Airport to Ethiopia for medical care due to the complication of injuries resulting from the explosions. [46]
Puntland officials said they are investigating how Islamic State uses gold mining in Cal-Miskaad of the Bari region to fund its activities. The group is mining gold and other resources in the mountains and taking advantage of the area's rich mineral deposits. Islamic State hires local workers for the mining operations. [47] At the same time, people living in areas controlled by Islamic State are forced to pay money to avoid interference with their lives and work. [47]
On 8 January 2025, the Puntland armed forces greatly increased their fight against Islamic State militants in the Al Miskat mountain range, located in the Bari region. These forces said they are working to block all escape routes and are closing in on areas where the militants are hiding. Puntland's Counter-Terrorism Operation said their troops are surrounding the Al Miskat mountains and moving into the suspected hideouts. Security operations are also happening in nearby areas like Hamure. The security force is also talked to local people and asked them to not collaborate with the militants. They warned residents to stay away from the group before it was too late. [48]
On 9 January 2025, Puntland forces carry out drone strikes on Islamic State targets in the Cal Miskaad mountains near Balidhidhin District of Bari, The counterterrorism claimed that they killed of several militants. [49] [50]
After the aerial assaults, Puntland's counterterrorism forces captured four foreign Islamic State fighters from Ethiopia, Yemen, and Tanzania, while intercepting and destroying multiple explosive-carrying drones in Bari region. [51] [52]
On January 20, 2025, At least twenty people were killed, and over 10 others injured in two days of Laba-Afle battle between Islamic State militia members and Puntland armed forces near the Cal Miskat mountains of Bari region. [53]
Puntland counterterrorism unit operation's spokesperson, Brigadier General Mohamud Mohamed Ahmed, reported that fifteen IS militants and six Puntland soldiers died during the Sunday and Monday fighting. He added that IS fighters used improvised explosive devices (IEDs) to defend their hideouts near Balidhidin. A landmine explosion killed six soldiers and injured three others while they were clearing the area. [54]
Ahmed also mentioned that Puntland forces killed eight IS militants during the operation, which extended into Monday. [55]
On 23 January 2025, Puntland Vice President Ilyas Osman Lugatoor has accused Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud’s administration of obstructing the evacuation of war casualties in the fight against ISIS. Speaking on Thursday, Ilyas criticized the federal government for hindering humanitarian operations instead of assisting Puntland’s counterterrorism efforts. [56]
"We do not seek support from the federal government, as it has failed to assist us in combating ISIS. The most recent evacuation of injured personnel was blocked due to their refusal of consent," he alleged. [56]
Ilyas further claimed that Puntland had received no share of international counterterrorism aid allocated to Somalia, despite its frontline role against ISIS. Highlighting Puntland's successes, he stated, "Over 65% of the territory previously controlled by ISIS has been reclaimed. Puntland does not and will not require external troops, whether from the federal government or elsewhere." [56]