Jamaican elaenia

Last updated

Jamaican elaenia
Myiopagis cotta 1.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Tyrannidae
Genus: Myiopagis
Species:
M. cotta
Binomial name
Myiopagis cotta
(Gosse, 1849)
Myiopagis cotta map.svg

The Small Jamaican elaenia (Myiopagis cotta) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is endemic to Jamaica. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and heavily degraded former forest.

Contents

Description

The Jamaican elaenia measures 12–13 cm (4.7–5.1 in) from bill to tail and weighs 11.5–13 g (0.41–0.46 oz). [2] Its plumage is a greenish-olive above, a whitish yellow below, and its head is slightly darker with feathers somewhat elongated, concealing their bright orange-yellow patch. [2] Its wings and tail are a dusky olive color with yellow stripes throughout. [2] Its bill is short and black along with its legs. [2] Juvenile Jamaican elaenia lack the coronal patch on their head, has pale gray underparts, and their belly is more yellow. [2]

Habitat

The Jamaican elaenia is native to Jamaica where 75% of its original forest has been cleared and what remains of that is majority second growth. [2] The 25% that remains of original forest remains on high mountains and cliffs and places that are undisturbed by humans or places that prove to be more difficult to get to or uninhabitable land. [2] Likewise, land in Jamaica is also protected by the John Crow national park. [2] Their habitat is also exposed to hurricane damage, use of pesticides, plantations, forest removal, forest fires, and urbanization. [2]

Diet

Jamaican elaenia perch in trees, hunting for prey while also grabbing items from vegetation while in flight. [2] Usually, they will hunt from the understory to the canopy. [2] They search for insects and when those insects are unavailable, they will eat fruits. [2]

Vocalizations

This bird makes rapid sounds. [2] They are always high pitched and make a "ti-si-si-sip" sound. [2]

Reproduction

The nest is a well-formed cup of plant materials, hidden in plants, leaves, and trees. [2] Jamaican elaenia clutch three eggs, but there is no information on the incubation period. [2]

Lifespan

The Jamaican elaenia life span averages 3.6 years. [1]

Conservation status

The conservation status of the Jamaican elaenia is currently at the "least concern" which is the lowest out of the seven possible options. [1] It has been observed every four to six years by the IUCN Red List since 1988. [1] For the first sixteen years, the bird's conservation status was "Unknown" because it did not qualify for a population count that the IUCN deemed necessary to track. [1] 2004 was the first year they were tracked and ranked at "least concern" which they have been ranked at since 2004 through the present. [1] The population size is decreasing but is yet to decline enough to be considered "Vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List. [1] For them to be vulnerable they would have to decrease in population by more than thirty percent to be considered. [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow longbill</span> Species of bird

The yellow longbill is a species of Old World warbler in the family Macrosphenidae. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

The brown-cheeked hornbill is a species of hornbill in the family Bucerotidae. It is found in Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Togo. Its natural habitats are tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, plantations, and secondary growth forests. It is threatened by habitat destruction, as timber is harvested and the forests become increasingly fragmented.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow-billed amazon</span> Species of bird

The yellow-billed amazon, also called the yellow-billed parrot or Jamaican amazon, is a species of parrot in the family Psittacidae. It is a predominantly green parrot with a short tail and pink throat and neck. It is endemic to Jamaica, where its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, plantations, and rural gardens. It is threatened by habitat loss and illegal trapping of wild birds for the pet trade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duchess lorikeet</span> Species of bird

The duchess lorikeet is a species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae. It is the only species placed in the genus Charmosynoides. It is found throughout the Solomon Islands archipelago. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, and plantations. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Large frogmouth</span> Species of bird

The large frogmouth is a species of bird in the family Podargidae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, in subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest. Logging of its habitat poses a risk to its survival, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has listed it as a vulnerable species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lovely sunbird</span> Species of bird

The lovely sunbird is a bird species in the family Nectariniidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and tropical moist montane forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Selva cacique</span> Species of bird

The Selva cacique is a species of bird in the family Icteridae. It is endemic to Peru where its natural habitat consists of subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is an uncommon and elusive bird and it is threatened by habitat destruction; the population is thought to be declining rapidly and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed the bird's conservation status as being "Near Threatened".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greater Antillean elaenia</span> Species of bird

The Greater Antillean elaenia is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is found on Hispaniola and Jamaica.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Visayan broadbill</span> Species of bird

The Visayan broadbill is a species of bird in the family Eurylaimidae where it was previously conspecific with the wattled broadbill. It is endemic to the islands of Samar, Leyte and Bohol in the central Philippines. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Red-bellied grackle</span> Species of bird

The red-bellied grackle is a species of bird in the family Icteridae. Its genus, Hypopyrrhus, is monotypic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tawny-breasted myiobius</span> Species of bird

The tawny-breasted myiobius or tawny-breasted flycatcher is a species of passerine bird in the family Tityridae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow-crowned elaenia</span> Species of bird

The yellow-crowned elaenia is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foothill elaenia</span> Species of bird

The foothill elaenia is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pacific elaenia</span> Species of bird

The Pacific elaenia is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greenish elaenia</span> Species of bird

The greenish elaenia is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Mexico, every Central American country, and every mainland South American country except Chile and French Guiana. It has also occurred as a vagrant in southern Texas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Golden-naped woodpecker</span> Species of bird

The golden-naped woodpecker is a species of bird in the woodpecker family Picidae. The species is very closely related to the beautiful woodpecker, which is sometimes treated as the same species. The two species, along with several other species, are sometimes placed in the genus Tripsurus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow-fronted woodpecker</span> Species of bird

The yellow-fronted woodpecker is a species of bird in the family Picidae. It is found in Brazil, Paraguay and far north-eastern Argentina. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest. It is a fairly common bird with a wide range and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has classified its conservation status as "least concern".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rufous piculet</span> Species of bird

The rufous piculet is a species of bird in the family Picidae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. This species is one of the world's smallest woodpeckers and is the smallest woodpecker found outside the Americas. In this species the length can range from 8 to 10 cm and the average body mass is around 9.2 g (0.32 oz).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-browed piculet</span> Species of bird

The white-browed piculet is a species of bird in the family Picidae. It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ward's trogon</span> Species of bird

Ward's trogon is a species of bird in the family Trogonidae. Its range includes the northeastern parts of the Indian subcontinent stretching eastwards to Southeast Asia. It is found in Bhutan, India, Tibet, and Myanmar. It also has a disjunct population in northern Vietnam, but there are no recent records from there. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 BirdLife International (2016). "Myiopagis cotta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22699245A93720844. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22699245A93720844.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Fitzpatrick, John W. (2020). "Jamaican Elaenia (Myiopagis cotta)". Birds of the World. 1.0. doi:10.2173/bow.jamela1.01.