Jefferson (proposed Pacific state)

Last updated

Jefferson
Proposed U.S. state
Jefferson state flag.svg
Flag
Seal of Jefferson (proposed).svg
Seal
Nickname: 
The State of Mind
Jefferson in United States.svg
One proposed boundary for Jefferson
Named for Likely President Thomas Jefferson (See paragraph 2)
Area
 • Total
217,005 km2 (83,786 sq mi)
 • Rank14th (hypothetical)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
3,138,324
 • Rank33rd (hypothetical)
Demonym Jeffersonian
Time zone Pacific Standard Time

The State of Jefferson is a proposed U.S. state that would span the contiguous, mostly rural area of southern Oregon and Northern California, where several attempts to separate from Oregon and California, respectively, have taken place. The region encompasses most of Northern California's land but does not include San Francisco or other Bay Area counties that account for the majority of Northern California's population.

Contents

Although it is assumed that the proposed state is named after Thomas Jefferson, who sponsored the Lewis and Clark Expedition into the Pacific Northwest in 1803, the name "Jefferson" is of uncertain origin. [1] Historians and locals cite Thomas Jefferson's status as the primary author of the Declaration of Independence as the origin of the name, with the line "governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed" as evidence of a breakdown of the social contract between the state governments and the region's population. [2]

If the proposal were ever approved, the new state's capital city would have to be determined by a constitutional convention; Yreka, California, was named the provisional capital in the original 1941 proposal, [3] although Port Orford, Oregon, had also been up for consideration, being the former jurisdiction of Mayor Gilbert Gable (one of the movement’s greatest leaders). [3] Some supporters of the more recent revival have also identified Redding, California, as a potential capital, [3] even though Redding is not included in all versions of the proposal and its city council voted in 2013 to reject participation in the movement. [4]

19th century

The State of Jefferson has its origins in the 19th century. In 1851, gold discovered in the Klamath River Basin of northwest California extended California's gold rush further north to the basin and into the Rogue River Valley of southern Oregon. [5] This led to the first large influx of white settlers in the area, causing conflict with local Native populations that eventually culminated in the Rogue River War of 1855–1856. [6]

Furthermore, this influx of American settlers coupled with the wealth they were able to accumulate from the natural resources of the region spurred several political movements that wanted to separate this region from the rest of California and Oregon in the 1850s. [7] Local politicians proposed an independent State of Shasta to the California legislature in 1852, but the bill died in committee. [8] The State of Shasta was revived again in 1855, and various other configurations of an independent state in the same region as the State of Jefferson were proposed throughout the decade (such as the State of Klamath in 1853 and 1854). [8]

The settlers of the region believed that they were distinct from the rest of California and Oregon both culturally and economically, and that because of the large distance separating them from the capitals of California and Oregon, their needs would be better addressed at the local and federal levels by their own State government than by petitioning the California government. [8] In 1860, Congress passed legislation that would allow the region to vote on whether they wanted to be independent from California and Oregon, but the American Civil War interrupted this process and quelled independence movements for the rest of the 19th century. [7] [8]

20th century

1941 and 2016 proposed borders of Jefferson. State of Jefferson Map.svg
1941 and 2016 proposed borders of Jefferson.
A pavilion near Yreka, California State of Jefferson Barn.jpg
A pavilion near Yreka, California

In October 1941, the Mayor of Port Orford, Oregon, Gilbert Gable, said that the Oregon counties of Curry, Josephine, Jackson, and Klamath should join with the California counties of Del Norte, Siskiyou, and Modoc to form a new state, later named Jefferson. [9]

He was motivated by the belief that these heavily rural areas were underrepresented in state government, which tended to cater to more populous areas. [10] Gilbert Gable was joined in his efforts by Siskiyou State Senator Randolph Collier, whose support led to Yreka being picked as the capital. [11]

On November 27, 1941, a group of young men gained national media attention when, brandishing rifles and pistols, stopped traffic on U.S. Route 99 south of Yreka, [1] the county seat of Siskiyou County, and handed out copies of a Proclamation of Independence, stating that the State of Jefferson was in "patriotic rebellion against the States of California and Oregon" and would continue to "secede every Thursday until further notice." [12]

The state split movement ended quickly, though not before Del Norte County District Attorney John Leon Childs (1863–1953) of Crescent City was inaugurated as the Governor of the State of Jefferson on December 4, 1941. [13]

The first blow was the death of Mayor Gable on December 2, followed by the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7. Those in favor of splitting the state focused their efforts on the war effort, which crippled the movement.

San Francisco Chronicle journalist Stanton Delaplane won the 1942 Pulitzer Prize for Reporting for his articles on the State of Jefferson. [14] [15]

In 1989, KSOR, the National Public Radio member station based at Southern Oregon University in Ashland, near Medford, rebranded itself as Jefferson Public Radio. It had built a massive network of low-powered translators earlier in the 1980s. By the time KSOR began building full-power stations later in the decade, it realized that the combined footprint of its translator network was roughly coextensive with the original State of Jefferson. It thus felt "Jefferson Public Radio" was an appropriate name when it decided to rebrand itself as a network. [16]

In 1992, California State Assemblyman Stan Statham placed an advisory vote [17] in 31 counties asking if the state should be split into two. All of the proposed Jefferson counties voted in favor of the split [18] (except Humboldt County which did not have the issue on the ballot). Based on these results, Statham introduced legislation in California [19] in an attempt to split the state, but the bill died in committee.

In the late 1990s, the movement for statehood was promoted by a group called the State of Jefferson Citizens Committee, which was originally formed in 1941. Two of the members, Brian Helsaple and Brian Petersen, gathered an extensive collection, including both verbal and written accounts mostly surrounding the 1941 movement. In 2000, they published Jefferson Saga, a book detailing the lack of representation of the region.

21st century

Jefferson is commemorated by the State of Jefferson Scenic Byway between Yreka and O'Brien, Oregon, which runs 109 miles (175 km) along State Route 96 and U.S. Forest Service Primary Route 48. Near the California – Oregon border, a turnout provides scenic views of the Klamath River valley and three informative display signs about the republic.[ citation needed ] The region retains this identity reinforced by institutions such as Jefferson Public Radio.

As of the 2020 Census, if the Jefferson counties were a state (original 1941 counties), the state's population would be 484,727: smaller than any state at the time. Approximately 83% of those residents live in Oregon. Its land area would be 21,349.76 square miles (55,295.6 km2) – a little smaller than West Virginia. The area was almost evenly divided between Oregon and California. Its population density would be 22.70 inhabitants per square mile (8.76/km2) – a little more than Idaho. [20] With the addition of the more modern Jefferson movement (Coos and Douglas and Lake Counties in Oregon, and Humboldt, Trinity, Shasta, Lassen, Mendocino, Lake, Tehama, Plumas, Glenn, Butte, Colusa, Sierra, Sutter, Yuba, Nevada, Placer, El Dorado, Amador, Calaveras, Tuolumne, Stanislaus, and Mariposa Counties in California), the population as of the 2020 Census would be 3,138,324, making it the 33rd most populous state in the United States.

Counties intending to leave California

On September 3, 2013, the Siskiyou County, California Board of Supervisors voted 4 to 1 in favor of withdrawal from California to form a proposed state named Jefferson. [21] [22] [23] The proposal was joined by the Modoc County Board of Supervisors (September 24) [24] and Glenn County Board of Supervisors (January 21, 2014). [25] [26] On April 15, 2014 Yuba County Supervisors joined the State of Jefferson movement to separate from California and create a new U.S. state. [27] On July 15, 2014, the Tehama County Board of Supervisors voted unanimously to adopt a resolution supporting the declaration of withdrawal from California [28] based on an advisory vote taken on June 6, 2014, where the public voted 56% to 44% in favor of splitting the state. [29] On July 22, 2014, the Board of Supervisors of Sutter County unanimously adopted a resolution supporting a declaration and petition to the Legislature to withdraw from California to redress a lack of representation. [30] On March 3, 2015, Lake County supervisors voted 3 to 2 [31] [32] to submit the question of secession to voters and on March 17, Lassen County supervisors made a similar declaration [33] that also has the voters deciding in 2016. [34] The Jefferson Declaration Committee is reportedly aiming to get at least 12 counties in support. [21]

On October 24, 2014, Modoc and Siskiyou Counties delivered their declarations [35] for independence from the state of California to the California Secretary of State's office. On January 15, 2015, three more counties, Glenn, Tehama, and Yuba, submitted their official declarations as well. [36]

The 2013 revival was based almost entirely in California. [37] It includes all major parts of California north of 39°. Although some individual residents in Oregon have lobbied for the movement, no county government in that state has endorsed the proposal to date. [38] As of January 6, 2016, 21 northern California counties have sent a declaration or have approved to send a declaration to the State of California with their intent of leaving the state and forming the State of Jefferson. [39] The population of the 21 California counties was 1,747,626 as of the 2010 U.S. Census, which would be 39th most populous state in the Union.

In 2013, venture capitalist Tim Draper launched Six Californias, a measure to split California into six consecutive parts, including Jefferson. [40] Draper announced that 1.3 million people had signed the petition; however, a third of the signatures were later found to be invalid, thus placing the signature count below the needed threshold to qualify for the 2016 ballot. [41]

2016 presidential election

2016 presidential election results, showing a strong Republican presence in the proposed State of Jefferson Jefferson Presidential Election Results 2016.svg
2016 presidential election results, showing a strong Republican presence in the proposed State of Jefferson

In the 2016 presidential election, most of the rural California counties which would belong to the State of Jefferson were won by Republican nominee Donald Trump, whereas Democrat Hillary Clinton enjoyed support in the rest of California, especially highly-educated urban areas. While Clinton beat Trump by almost 80 points in San Francisco, he led her by more than 50 points in Lassen County. [42] [43] The election of Trump led to calls for a secession of California from the Union and a similar proposal in Oregon, where Clinton won the popular vote while Trump captured the majority of counties. [44] [45] [46]

With the election of President Donald Trump, some who are considering joining the modern State of Jefferson or are observing the movement have stated that if California secedes, the movement's supporting counties could appeal directly to the United States Congress for statehood, similar to how West Virginia was formed, claiming California would be in insurrection and petitioning to rejoin the Union as an independent state. [47]

On May 8, 2017, the pro-Jefferson group "Citizens for Fair Representation" filed a lawsuit against California Secretary of State Alex Padilla. [48] The suit alleges that California's 1862 law limiting Senators to no more than 40, and Assembly Members to no more than 80, creates an unconstitutional imbalance of representation that precludes effective "self-governance" as protected by the 14th Amendment. The desired result of suing California, for lack of representation and dilution of vote, is better representation across all of California, and ultimately an independent State of Jefferson. [49] The case was dismissed by the lower court and appealed to the Ninth Circuit, [50] which dismissed the appeal. [51]

Flag and seal

Jefferson state flag Jefferson state flag.svg
Jefferson state flag

The field of the flag is green, and the charge is the Seal of the State of Jefferson: a yellow circle representing a gold mining pan, with the words "The Great Seal Of State Of Jefferson" engraved into the lip, and two capital, black Xs askew of each other. [52] The two Xs are known as the "Double Cross" and signify the two regions' "sense of abandonment" by the central state governments, in both Southern Oregon and Northern California. [39] [n 1]

The gold pan that was ostensibly the first model for the state's seal is on display at the Siskiyou County Museum in Yreka, California. [53]

Jefferson was featured by Huell Howser in Road Trip Episode 143. [54]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Harper's 2022 report referred to the region being "double crossed" by Salem and Sacramento. See Pogue (2022).

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Modoc County, California</span> County in California, United States

Modoc County is a county located in the far northeast corner of the U.S. state of California. Its population is 8,700 as of the 2020 census, down from 9,686 from the 2010 census. This makes it California's third-least-populous county. The county seat and only incorporated city is Alturas. Previous County seats include Lake City and Centerville. The county borders Nevada and Oregon. Much of Modoc County is federal land. Several federal agencies, including the United States Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, have employees assigned to the area, and their operations are a significant part of its economy and services. The county's official slogans include "The last best place" and "Where the West still lives".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shasta County, California</span> County in the United States

Shasta County, officially the County of Shasta, is a county located in the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. Its population is 182,155 as of the 2020 census, up from 177,223 from the 2010 census. The county seat is Redding.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siskiyou County, California</span> County in California, United States

Siskiyou County is a county located in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 44,076. Its county seat is Yreka and its highest point is Mount Shasta. It falls within the Cascadia bioregion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yreka, California</span> City in California, United States

Yreka is the county seat of Siskiyou County, California, United States, near the Shasta River; the city has an area of about 10 square miles (26 km2), most of it land. As of the 2022 United States Census, the population was 7,827, reflecting an increase from 7,765 counted in the 2010 Census. Yreka is home to the College of the Siskiyous, Klamath National Forest Interpretive Museum and the Siskiyou County Museum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Modoc people</span> Native American people originally from northern California and Oregon

The Modoc are an Indigenous American people who historically lived in the area which is now northeastern California and central Southern Oregon. Currently, they include two federally recognized tribes, the Klamath Tribes in Oregon and the Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma, now known as the Modoc Nation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shasta Cascade</span> Mountainous region of California

The Shasta Cascade region of California is located in the northeastern and north-central sections of the state bordering Oregon and Nevada, including far northern parts of the Central Valley and the Sierra Nevada mountain range.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cascade–Siskiyou National Monument</span> National monument in the United States

The Cascade–Siskiyou National Monument is a United States national monument that protects 114,000 acres (46,134 ha) of forest and grasslands at the junction of the Cascade Range and the Siskiyou Mountains in Southwestern Oregon and Northwestern California, United States. The monument is managed by the Bureau of Land Management as part of the National Landscape Conservation System. It was established in a presidential proclamation by President Bill Clinton on June 9, 2000 and expanded by President Barack Obama on January 12, 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shasta–Trinity National Forest</span> National forest in California, US

The Shasta–Trinity National Forest is a federally designated forest in northern California, United States. It is the largest National Forest in California and is managed by the U.S. Forest Service. The 2,210,485 acre forest encompasses five wilderness areas, hundreds of mountain lakes and 6,278 miles (10,103 km) of streams and rivers. Major features include Shasta Lake, the largest man-made lake in California and Mount Shasta, elevation 14,179 feet (4,322 m).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Klamath National Forest</span> National forest in California, US

Klamath National Forest is a 1,737,774-acre national forest, in the Klamath Mountains and Cascade Range, located in Siskiyou County in northern California, but with a tiny extension into southern Jackson County in Oregon. The forest contains continuous stands of ponderosa pine, Jeffrey pine, Douglas fir, red fir, white fir, lodgepole pine, Baker Cypress, and incense cedar. Old growth forest is estimated to cover some 168,000 acres (680 km2) of forest land. Forest headquarters are located in Yreka, California. There are local ranger district offices located in Fort Jones, Happy Camp, and Macdoel, all in California. The Klamath was established on May 6, 1905. This forest includes the Kangaroo Lake and the Sawyers Bar Catholic Church, which are located within the boundaries of the Forest. The Forest is managed jointly with the Butte Valley National Grassland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway</span> Highway in California and Oregon

The Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway is a scenic byway and All-American Road in the U.S. states of California and Oregon. It is roughly 500 miles (800 km) long and travels north–south along the Cascade Range past numerous volcanoes. It is composed of two separate National Scenic Byways, the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway - Oregon and Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway - California. The former includes Rim Drive within Crater Lake National Park, while the latter wholly includes the Lassen Scenic Byway within Lassen Volcanic National Park.

California's 1st congressional district is a U.S. congressional district in California. Doug LaMalfa, a Republican, has represented the district since January 2013. Currently, it encompasses the northeastern part of the state. Since the 2022 election, it includes the counties of Butte, Colusa, Glenn, Lassen, Modoc, Shasta, Siskiyou, Sutter, and Tehama, and most of Yuba County. The largest cities in the district are Chico, Redding, and Yuba City.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Klamath Basin</span> Region in the U.S. states of Oregon and California drained by the Klamath River

The Klamath Basin is the region in the U.S. states of Oregon and California drained by the Klamath River. It contains most of Klamath County and parts of Lake and Jackson counties in Oregon, and parts of Del Norte, Humboldt, Modoc, Siskiyou, and Trinity counties in California. The 15,751-square-mile (40,790 km2) drainage basin is 35% in Oregon and 65% in California. In Oregon, the watershed typically lies east of the Cascade Range, while California contains most of the river's segment that passes through the mountains. In the Oregon-far northern California segment of the river, the watershed is semi-desert at lower elevations and dry alpine in the upper elevations. In the western part of the basin, in California, however, the climate is more of temperate rainforest, and the Trinity River watershed consists of a more typical alpine climate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cascadia movement</span> Bioregion, proposed country in North America

The Cascadia movement is a bioregional independence movement based in the Cascadia bioregion of western North America. Potential boundaries differ, with some drawn along existing political state and provincial lines, and others drawn along larger ecological, cultural, political, and economic boundaries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Secession in the United States</span> A state leaving the Union

In the context of the United States, secession primarily refers to the voluntary withdrawal of one or more states from the Union that constitutes the United States; but may loosely refer to leaving a state or territory to form a separate territory or new state, or to the severing of an area from a city or county within a state. Advocates for secession are called disunionists by their contemporaries in various historical documents.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Upstate California</span>

Upstate California is the name of a marketing campaign which seeks to promote business in the northernmost 20 counties of California. Roughly the upper half of Northern California, the "upstate" designation encompasses primarily rural areas which contain 4.5% of California's population. Outside of public relations, this area is often referred to as far Northern California.

There are 28 routes assigned to the "A" zone of the California Route Marker Program, which designates county routes in California. The "A" zone includes county highways in Lassen, Plumas, Shasta, Siskiyou, and Tehama counties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Partition and secession in California</span> Proposals to split the state or leave the US

California, the most populous state in the United States and third largest in area after Alaska and Texas, has been the subject of more than 220 proposals to divide it into multiple states since its admission to the Union in 1850, including at least 27 significant proposals prior to the 21st century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake Modoc</span> Former lake in California and Oregon

Lake Modoc is a former lake in California and Oregon, in the location of present-day Upper Klamath Lake, Lower Klamath Lake and Tule Lake. It existed during the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs, its formation probably influenced by volcanism and faulting. The bed of the former lake had plentiful resources for early humans, and today it is used for agriculture.

References

  1. 1 2 Pogue, James (April 2022). "Notes on the State of Jefferson". Harper's . Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  2. ↑ Oregon Experience | State of Jefferson | Season 9 | Episode 901 | PBS . Retrieved August 12, 2024– via www.pbs.org.
  3. 1 2 3 Peter Laufer, The Elusive State of Jefferson: A Journey Through the 51st State. TwoDot, 2013. ISBN   978-0762788361.
  4. ↑ "Redding City Council rejects "State of Jefferson" proposal". KRCR-TV, October 2, 2013.
  5. ↑ "Gold Mining Along the Klamath, and the Indian Massacre – 1851". www.sfmuseum.org. Retrieved March 16, 2023.
  6. ↑ "Rogue River War of 1855–1856". www.oregonencyclopedia.org. Retrieved March 16, 2023.
  7. 1 2 Davis (June 1, 1952). "State of Jefferson". California Historical Society Quarterly. 31 (2): 125–138. doi:10.2307/25156352. ISSN   0008-1175. JSTOR   25156352.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Lalande, Jeff (2017). ""The State of Jefferson": A Disaffected Region's 160-Year Search for Identity". Oregon Historical Quarterly. 118 (1): 14–41. doi:10.1353/ohq.2017.0025. ISSN   2329-3780.
  9. ↑ Hall, Christopher (September 2003). "Jefferson County: The State that Almost Seceded". Via: AAA Traveler's Companion. AAA Northern California, Nevada & Utah. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  10. ↑ Michael J. Trinklein (2010). Lost States: True Stories of Texlahoma, Transylvania, and Other States That Never Made It. Quirk Books. ISBN   978-1-59474-410-5
  11. ↑ "State of Jefferson". www.oregonencyclopedia.org. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
  12. ↑ D'Souza, Tony (December 11, 2008). "State of Jefferson dreams were dashed by Pearl Harbor". Mount Shasta Herald. Archived from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  13. ↑ Holt, Tim (June 24, 2011). "A modest proposal – downsize California!". The San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  14. ↑ Gunther, John (1947). Inside U.S.A. New York City, London: Harper & Brothers. pp. 62–63.
  15. ↑ "Stanton Delaplane, 80; San Francisco Writer". The New York Times . April 21, 1988. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
  16. ↑ "State of Jefferson – Jefferson Public Radio". Archived from the original on April 22, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  17. ↑ "CALIFORNIA ELECTIONS '92 : 31 Counties to Vote on the Divisive Issue of Splitting the State: Government: Secession has backers in the rural north, but the advisory plebiscite has no legal effect". Los Angeles Times . May 30, 1992. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
  18. ↑ "Historical Efforts to Split California into Multiple States". Gary and Deborah Aufdenspring. Archived from the original on February 2, 2015. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
  19. ↑ "The "Upstate California" campaign is déjà vu all over again for Stan Statham". Sacramento News & review. January 3, 2002. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
  20. ↑ Using the 2010 Census QuickFacts figures for each of the following counties: Curry, Josephine, Jackson, Klamath, Del Norte, Siskiyou, Modoc.
    "DataSet.txt". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 30, 2013. Retrieved November 16, 2012. (See "Download the Database Archived 2012-11-11 at the Wayback Machine " for an explanation of this data set.)
  21. 1 2 Longoria, Sean, Siskiyou supervisors support withdrawal from California Archived June 20, 2014, at the Wayback Machine , Redding Record Searchlight, September 4, 2013, accessed September 4, 2013.
  22. ↑ Mather, Kate, Siskiyou County votes to pursue secession from California, Los Angeles Times, September 4, 2013, accessed September 4, 2013
  23. ↑ Northern California County Board Votes For Secession From State, CBS, San Francisco, September 4, 2013.
  24. ↑ "Modoc County joins Siskiyou in state of Jefferson bid for secession". September 24, 2013. Archived from the original on September 25, 2013. Retrieved September 25, 2013.
  25. ↑ "Supervisors vote to join secession effort". January 21, 2014. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  26. ↑ "State of Jefferson takes root in Glenn County". January 21, 2014. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  27. ↑ "Yuba County supervisors endorse State of Jefferson". April 16, 2014. Archived from the original on August 2, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
  28. ↑ "Supervisors approve of Jefferson". July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
  29. ↑ "Tehama County Voters Approve Advisory Measure To Secede From California". June 14, 2014. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
  30. ↑ "Sutter County votes for State of Jefferson". July 23, 2014. Archived from the original on August 2, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
  31. ↑ "Board votes for Jefferson". Record Bee Community News. February 17, 2015. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
  32. ↑ "Lake County voters to weigh in on secession". The Press Democrat. March 15, 2015. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
  33. ↑ "Lassen County Declaration" (PDF). March 17, 2015. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
  34. ↑ "Lassen County Meeting Summary". March 17, 2015. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
  35. ↑ "2 California counties ask to form separate state". USA Today. August 28, 2014. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
  36. ↑ "State of Jefferson brings three more California counties on board". Sacramento Bee. January 15, 2015. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
  37. ↑ "Secession: Realistic hope or illusion?". Medford Mail Tribune , September 8, 2013.
  38. ↑ "California secession vote fails in two counties bordering Oregon; passes in one other county". The Oregonian , June 4, 2014.
  39. 1 2 Koseff, Alexei (January 6, 2016). "State of Jefferson supporters plan bill seeking independence from California". Sacramento Bee . Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  40. ↑ "Tim Draper Wants To Split California Into Pieces And Turn Silicon Valley Into Its Own State". TechCrunch. December 19, 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  41. ↑ "1648. Division of California into Six States" (PDF). California Secretary of State. September 12, 2014. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  42. ↑ Reese, Phillip (November 16, 2016). "Clinton may have won California – but Trump carried its white rural north". The Sacramento Bee . Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  43. ↑ Miller, Jim (November 10, 2016). "California hasn't always been so blue in presidential races". The Sacramento Bee . Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  44. ↑ Silva, Cristina (November 12, 2016). "Will California And Oregon Leave The Union? Facts About CalExit And Democrats' Secession Movement". International Business Times . Archived from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  45. ↑ Garcia, Arturo (November 11, 2016). "Oregon Secession Petition Withdrawn After 'Threats' To Organizers". Snopes.com . Archived from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  46. ↑ Acker, Lizzy (November 10, 2008). "After Donald Trump victory, Oregonians submit ballot proposal to secede from the union". The Oregonian/OregonLive. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  47. ↑ "unity-declaration – Official State of Jefferson Movement". Official State of Jefferson Movement. Archived from the original on April 27, 2022. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  48. ↑ "A verified complaint for declaratory and injunctive relief for misapportionment and unconstitutional vote dilution and abridgment in the California Assembly and state Senate" (PDF).
  49. ↑ "CFR – Official State of Jefferson Movement". Official State of Jefferson Movement. Archived from the original on August 21, 2018. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  50. ↑ "CFR v. Alex Padilla, 18-17458 - CourtListener.com". CourtListener. December 31, 2018.
  51. ↑ "CFR v. Alex Padilla, 18-17458 - Justia.com".
  52. ↑ The real history and meaning behind the State of Jefferson, retreat.com.
  53. ↑ "Jefferson State Seal". Getty Images . Siskiyou Museum. January 5, 2016. Retrieved September 24, 2022.
  54. ↑ "State Of Jefferson-Road Trip with Huell Howser (143) – Huell Howser Archives at Chapman University". September 29, 2007.

Further reading


42°N122°W / 42°N 122°W / 42; -122

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.