Jeremiah 23

Jeremiah 23
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A high resolution scan of the Aleppo Codex showing the Book of Jeremiah (the sixth book in Nevi'im).
Book	Book of Jeremiah
Hebrew Bible part	Nevi'im
Order in the Hebrew part	6
Category	Latter Prophets
Christian Bible part	Old Testament
Order in the Christian part	24

Jeremiah 23 is the twenty-third chapter of the Book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains prophecies attributed to the prophet Jeremiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets.

Text

The original text of this chapter was written in the Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 40 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008). ^[1]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^Q; 6th century). ^[2]

Parashot

The parashah sections listed here are based on the Aleppo Codex. ^[3] Jeremiah 23 is a part of the Eighth prophecy (Jeremiah 21 -24) in the section of Prophecies of Destruction (Jeremiah 1-25). {P}: open parashah; {S}: closed parashah.

{P} 23:1 {S} 23:2-4 {S} 23:5-6 {P} 23:7-8 {P} 23:9-14 {P} 23:15 {P} 23:16-22 {S} 23:23-29 {S} 23:30-40 {P}

Structure

The section headings for this chapter in the New King James Version are:

• Jeremiah 23:1-8 = The Branch of Righteousness
• Jeremiah 23:9-40 = False Prophets and Empty Oracles.

The Jerusalem Bible describes verses 1–8 as a "messianic oracle", ^[4] and verses 9-40 as "a tract against the false prophets". ^[5]

The Righteous Branch (23:1–8)

Verse 5

"Behold, the days are coming," says the Lord,

"That I will raise to David a Branch of righteousness

A King shall reign and prosper,

And execute judgment and righteousness in the earth." ^[6]

The ideal of a "great king reigning with justice and righteousness" was founded on the promise of God to King David:

Your house and your kingdom shall be established forever before you. Your throne shall be established forever. ^[7]

"Branch" was to become a messianic title (cf. Zechariah 3:8 and 6:12). ^[8] The New Century Version (aimed at younger readers) paraphrases the title as "a good branch in David’s family". ^[9]

Verse 6

"In His days Judah will be saved,

And Israel will dwell safely;

Now this is His name by which He will be called:

THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS." ^[10]

• "THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS" (Hebrew: יהוה צדקנו, Yah-weh tsiḏ-qê-nū ; ^{[11] [12]} cf. Jeremiah 33:16) a contrast to the name of Zedekiah, meaning "The Lord is My Righteousness" (Jeremiah 21:1), whose rule (597-586 BC) is "a great misnomer" compared to the "true, righteous rule" by God's appointed king (see also Isaiah 9:7; Isaiah 11:1–10). ^[13]

The lying prophets (23:9–40)

Verse 30

"Therefore behold, I am against the prophets," says the Lord, "who steal My words every one from his neighbor."

• "Says the Lord": from Hebrew נאם־יהוה, nə-’um-YHWH, ^[14] literally "oracle of the Lord". ^[15]
• "My words": that is 'their own word that they claim is from the Lord' (cf. verse 31). ^[16]

Verse 31

"Behold, I am against the prophets," says the Lord, "who use their tongues and say, 'He says.'" ^[17]

• "Says the Lord": from Hebrew "nə-’um-YHWH", "oracle of the Lord". ^{[18] [19]} (cf. verse 30).
• "He says": from Hebrew נאם, nə-’um, ^[18] without the qualifying name "the Lord" to suggest the 'delusive nature' of the false prophets' message, that 'they mislead people into believing that their message is from the Lord'. ^[20]

See also

• Baal
• David
• Gomorrah
• Israel
• Jerusalem
• Sodom
• Judah
• Samaria

• Related Bible parts: 2 Samuel 7, Isaiah 4, Isaiah 9, Isaiah 11, Isaiah 53, Jeremiah 33, Ezekiel 34, Zechariah 3, Zechariah 6, Matthew 1, Luke 3, Philippians 3

Notes and references

1. Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.
2. Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
3. As reflected in the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 edition of the Hebrew Bible in English.
4. Jerusalem Bible (1966), sub-heading at Jeremiah 23:1
5. Jerusalem Bible (1966), sub-heading at Jeremiah 23:9
6. Jeremiah 23:5 NKJV
7. 2 Samuel 7:16 NKJV
8. Jerusalem Bible (1966), footnote a at Jeremiah 23:5
9. Jeremiah 23:5 : NCV
10. Jeremiah 23:6 NKJV
11. Hebrew Text Analysis: Jeremiah 23:6. Biblehub
12. Notes in New King James Version on Jeremiah 23:6
13. Coogan 2007, pp. 1114-1116 Hebrew Bible.
14. Jeremiah 23:30 Hebrew Text Analysis. Biblehub
15. Note [a] on Jeremiah 23:30 in NET Bible
16. Note [b] on Jeremiah 23:30 in NET Bible
17. Jeremiah 23:31 NKJV
18. Jeremiah 23:31 Hebrew Text Analysis. Biblehub
19. Note [a] on Jeremiah 23:31 in NET Bible
20. Note [b] on Jeremiah 23:31 in NET Bible

Sources

• Coogan, Michael David (2007). Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann; Perkins, Pheme (eds.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 (Augmented 3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN   9780195288810.
• Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN   0-8028-0788-7 . Retrieved January 26, 2019.

External links

Jewish

• Jeremiah 23 Hebrew with Parallel English

Christian

• Jeremiah 23 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate