הגן הבוטני האוניברסיטאי ירושלים | |
Established | 1988 |
---|---|
Location | Yehuda Burla St 1, Nayot Jerusalem, Israel |
Coordinates | 31°46′10″N35°12′00″E / 31.76944°N 35.20000°E |
Type | botanic garden |
Collection size | 6,400 species |
Website | www |
The Jerusalem Botanical Gardens (JBG) is a botanical garden and a center of botanical education and research in Jerusalem, Israel. The largest botanical garden in Israel, it features over 6,000 plant species from around the world, arranged in phytogeographic sections, including Australia, South Africa, Europe, North America, Southwest and Central Asia and the Mediterranean. [1]
The garden, located in Nayot on the southeastern edge of the Givat Ram campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, [2] opened to the public in 1985 as a successor to the National Botanic Garden of Israel on Mount Scopus, which still exists today as a separate entity.
Plans for the first National Botanic Garden of Israel, on a plot of land purchased on Mount Scopus in 1926, were drawn up by Alexander Eig, chairman of the Botany Department of the Hebrew University, based on the flora of the Land of Israel from Mount Lebanon to the desert. Planting began in 1931. The botanical gardens on Mount Scopus were the first home of the Biblical Zoo. [3]
In 1948, in the 1947–1949 Palestine war, access to Mount Scopus and the university campus was cut off from the rest of Israel, and it was decided to create a new Botanical Garden (the subject of this entry) near the Jewish National and University Library, on the new campus of the Hebrew University in Givat Ram in western Jerusalem. The new Botanical Garden, including a unique collection of Coniferae, was opened in 1954, soon after the establishment of Givat Ram campus. In 1962, a rocky hill in the southeastern corner of the campus was planted with conifers from North America. That year, Michael Avishai was appointed scientific director of the gardens. [4] Many of the trees were raised from his private seed collection. [5]
Budgeting was a serious problem until 1975, when the Society of Friends of the Botanical Gardens was established and the garden became a joint project of the university, the Jerusalem Municipality and the Jewish National Fund. A scientific board was appointed, and architect Shlomo Aronson was commissioned to plan the layout. In 1981, the Garden Association was founded, and a board of executives appointed. The garden was opened to the public in 1985. In 1994, it separated from the Hebrew University, and has been managed by the Botanical Garden Association since 1996. [6]
Key developments include the tropical conservatory in 1986, the South Africa section in 1989, and the Hank Greenspan Entrance Plaza, Dvorsky Visitors’ Center, and restaurant in 1990.
The Jerusalem Botanical Gardens is the largest botanical garden in Israel and the Middle East. It features an expansive collection of living plants, totalling over 6,400 species and varieties from various regions worldwide. Spanning 30 acres, the garden showcases flora from Australia, South Africa, Europe, North America, Southwest and Central Asia and the Mediterranean. [7]
The garden's Japanese section contains over 150 bonsai trees, the largest concentrated collection of bonsai trees in the world. [8] A new pagoda is currently under construction at the garden. It will serve as a focal point for the gardens' collection of Japanese plants. The pagoda was designed in Japan and arrived as modular pieces that were assembled on-site. [9]
Birdwatchers have identified 46 species of birds that visit the Gardens throughout the year. [10]
The 500-meter long "Bible Path" is planted with most of the 70 species that scientists have identified as some of the 400 types of plants mentioned in the Bible. [11]
One of the goals of the garden is to create a living gene bank to protect endangered plants in Israel and the region as a whole. [12]
In recent years, the Jerusalem Botanical Gardens has hosted the Winter Lights Festival, an annual event held during December to coincide with Hannukah and Christmas celebrations. This festival showcases elaborate lighting designs illuminating a 700-meter path by more than 2.5 million small LEDs. Alongside the displays, the festival features performances by artists and actors in costumes, as well as comfort food vendors and additional attractions. [13] [14]
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem is a public research university based in Jerusalem, Israel. Co-founded by Albert Einstein and Chaim Weizmann in July 1918, the public university officially opened in April 1925. It is the second-oldest Israeli university, having been founded 30 years before the establishment of the State of Israel but six years after the older Technion university. The HUJI has three campuses in Jerusalem and one in Rehovot. Until 2023, the world's largest library for Jewish studies—the National Library of Israel—was located on its Edmond J. Safra campus in the Givat Ram neighbourhood of Jerusalem.
Mount Scopus is a mountain in northeast Jerusalem.
Beit HaKerem is a largely secular upscale neighborhood in southwest Jerusalem. It is located between Kiryat Moshe to the northwest and Bayit VeGan to the south. Beit HaKerem has a population of 15,000.
Michael Zohary was a pioneering Israeli botanist.
Ramat Eshkol is an Israeli settlement and neighborhood in northern East Jerusalem. It was built on land captured from Jordan in the Six-Day War and occupied by Israel since 1967, and was the first settlement built in East Jerusalem beyond the Green Line by Israel. The international community considers Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this. As of 2017, about 8,975 people live in the neighborhood.
The National Library of Israel, formerly Jewish National and University Library, is the library dedicated to collecting the cultural treasures of Israel and of Jewish heritage. The library holds more than 5 million books, and is located in the Government complex near the Knesset.
Givat Mordechai is a Jewish neighborhood in southwest-central Jerusalem, midway between the neighborhoods of Nayot and Malcha. The neighborhood was named after an American philanthropist, Maxwell (Mordechai) Abbell of Chicago.
Neve Sha'anan is a small neighborhood in central Jerusalem. It is located between the Israel Museum and the Givat Ram campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, bordering Nayot.
Givat Ram is a neighborhood in central Jerusalem. It is the site of Kiryat HaMemshala, which includes many of Israel's most important national institutions, among them the Knesset, the Israel Museum, the Supreme Court, Bank of Israel, Academy of the Hebrew Language, National Library, one of the campuses of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and many government ministries' offices.
Nayot is a neighborhood in south-central Jerusalem established in 1960 by a group of English-speaking immigrants. The neighborhood's population of 2,223 includes a mix of families, young children, and older adults. Its most notable landmark is likely the Jerusalem Botanical Gardens.
Alexander Eig was a botanist, one of the first plant researchers in Israel, head of the department of Botany at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and co-founder of the National Botanic Garden of Israel on Mount Scopus campus.
Givat HaMivtar is an Israeli settlement and a neighborhood in East Jerusalem established in 1970 between Ramat Eshkol and French Hill. It is located on a hill where an important battle took place in the Six Day War. Archaeological excavations have revealed important ancient Jewish tombs in the region. Givat Hamivtar was one of the first "Build Your Own Home" neighborhoods in Jerusalem.
The Rabbi Dr. I. Goldstein Synagogue is a synagogue on the Edmond J. Safra Givat Ram campus of the Hebrew University in Israel named in honor of Rabbi Israel Goldstein, an American-born Israeli rabbi, author, and Zionist leader. Designed by two Israeli architects—the German-born Heinrich Heinz Rau and the Brazilian-born David Resnick—it has been listed as one of the "ten most beautiful synagogues in Israel," and called "without a doubt, a landmark in local architecture."
The Nature Park & Galleries, is the “open-air campus museum” of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, located on the University's Edmund J. Safra Science Campus in Jerusalem, Israel.
Naomi Feinbrun-Dothan was a Russian-born Israeli botanist, who became part of the academic staff at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She studied the flora of Israel and published dozens of articles and several analytical flora books. Just after her 91st birthday, she received the 1991 Israel Prize for her unique contribution to the Land of Israel studies.
Noga Hareuveni (1924–2007) was an Israeli botanist and scholar of Judaic studies. In 1994 Noga Hareuveni was awarded the Israel Prize for his leading role in the creation of the Biblical garden and nature preserve named Neot Kedumim.
National Botanic Garden of Israel Hebrew: הגן הבוטני לצמחי ארץ ישראל ע"ש מונטג'יו למפורט), is a botanical garden located on the Mount Scopus campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Its herbarium and Institution Code is HUJ. It covers an area of 25 dunams and contains 950 varieties of plants, 40% of them wild.
Albert Einstein Square is a public square in Jerusalem, named for the physicist Albert Einstein. It is located in the Kiryat Shmuel neighborhood, on the grounds of the Council for Higher Education in Israel, Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, and Van Leer Jerusalem Institute.
Albert Einstein Archives refers to an archive on the Givat Ram campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Jerusalem, Israel housing the personal papers of 20th century physicist Albert Einstein.