Jocelyn Benson (born October 22,1977) is an American academic administrator,attorney,and politician serving as the 43rd Secretary of State of Michigan since 2019. A member of the Democratic Party,she is a former dean of Wayne State University Law School,a co-founder of the Military Spouses of Michigan,and a board member of the Ross Initiative in Sports for Equality. Benson is the author of State Secretaries of State:Guardians of the Democratic Process.
In 2018,Benson was elected as the Secretary of State in Michigan,securing the position with an 8.9 percentage point margin over Republican Mary Treder Lang. This victory made her the first Democrat to hold the office since 1995. She was reelected in 2022,defeating Republican Kristina Karamo by a margin of 14 percentage points,setting a record for the largest margin and vote share among statewide candidates that year.
Education and career
Benson graduated magna cum laude from Wellesley College in 1999,where she founded the now-annual Women in American Political Activism conference and was the first student to be elected to serve in the governing body for the town of Wellesley,Massachusetts. She subsequently earned her master's in sociology as a Marshall Scholar at Magdalen College,Oxford,conducting research into the sociological implications of white supremacy and neo-Nazism.
Benson was appointed dean of Wayne State Law School in December 2012 at the age of 35,becoming the youngest woman to lead a top 100 law school in United States history.[9]
As dean she established two "marquee" programs:the Levin Center at Wayne Law,[10] chaired by former United States Senator Carl Levin (D-MI),and the Program on Entrepreneurship and Business Law,[11] which helps aspiring business professionals in underserved communities participate in the economic revival of Detroit.
Prior to being appointed Dean in 2012,Benson was the associate director of the Damon J. Keith Center for Civil Rights,where she started the Michigan Allies Project,an effort designed to track hate incidents throughout Michigan and provide legal support for victims.[12]
The Ross Initiative in Sports for Equality
From 2016 to 2018 Benson served as CEO of the Ross Initiative in Sports for Equality (RISE).[13]
Military Spouses of Michigan
In 2012,Benson joined with three military spouses and family members in Michigan to create Military Spouses of Michigan,a network dedicated to providing support and services to military family members and veterans in Michigan. In January 2013,the group was selected to represent the state of Michigan in the Presidential Inaugural Parade,the only group of military spouses to receive that honor.[14]
Civics education and election law
In 2011,Benson was selected to serve with retired U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor on the national board of directors of iCivics,Inc.,a nonprofit created by Justice O'Connor to improve civics education throughout the country.[15] In addition to serving as an appointed member of the American Bar Association's Standing Committee on Election Law,[6] she is also the founder and current director of the Michigan Center for Election Law,which hosts projects that support transparency and integrity in elections. In 2011,the center hosted Michigan's first "Citizens' Redistricting Competition",[16] providing an opportunity for Michigan citizens to access software and draw their own redistricting maps for the state.[17]
Benson developed and supervised three statewide nonpartisan election protection efforts in Michigan in 2007,2008 and 2012.[6] During the 2008 election,she was called to testify before the U.S. House Judiciary Committee,[18] where she called on Secretary Terri Lynn Land to ban the use of foreclosure lists to challenge voters' eligibility on Election Day.[19] She is a frequent commentator on voting rights and election law on local news and radio broadcasts.[20][21][22]
In March 2010,Benson published her first book,State Secretaries of State:Guardians of the Democratic Process. The book highlights best practices of secretaries of state from throughout the country and seeks to inform voters about how secretaries of state across the political spectrum can work to advance democracy and election reform.[24] After working with secretaries of state from around the country while researching the book,she was inspired to run for the office in her resident state of Michigan.[25] She lost to Republican candidate Ruth Johnson by a margin of 51 percent to 45 percent.[26]
On October 27,2017,Benson announced her second candidacy for Michigan Secretary of State. She was elected on November 6,2018,defeating Republican Mary Treder Lang,becoming the first Democrat to serve since Richard Austin left office in 1995.[27] In 2022,Benson secured her party's nomination uncontested and went on to win the general election with 56% of the vote,defeating Republican candidate candidate Kristina Karamo.[28][29]
Benson has gained national prominence,making frequent appearances on cable news shows,appearing on the cover of Time magazine alongside fellow election officials,and testifying before Congress about the challenges election workers have encountered in recent years.[28]
Customer service reforms
Throughout her tenure,Benson has implemented reforms in the Secretary of State's office,including filling vacancies,expanding online services,installing over 150 new self-service stations,and seeking state funding for additional mobile offices.[30] She significantly increased the proportion of services conducted outside of branches,reaching about 60% of transactions online,by mail,or at self-service stations as of May 2021,up from about 25% in 2018. In April 2021,Benson announced that appointment-only visits to secretary of state offices would become permanent.[31] Despite criticisms calling for the reintroduction of walk-in services,Benson defended retaining the system even after the COVID-19 pandemic,highlighting the benefits of next-day appointments for urgent matters and the overall reduction in wait times,providing a more efficient process.[32][33]
Election initiatives
In the year of her election,Michigan voters approved a constitutional amendment allowing Election Day voter registration and unrestricted absentee ballots. Benson's office oversaw the implementation of these changes.[34] During Benson's tenure,in 2019,the Election Modernization Advisory Committee was established. Comprising 27 local and national experts,the committee played a pivotal role in shaping election reform and was considered a key component of Michigan's preparation for the 2020 elections.[35][36] She also established an Election Security Commission consisting of 18 experts in cybersecurity and election security. The commission,funded by a federal election security grant and facilitated by state employees,aimed to enhance election integrity.[37]
Since 2020,Benson has emerged as one of the prominent state-level advocates defending American elections.[38] Prior to the 2020 presidential election,Benson identified precincts across the state with the lowest participation rates and visited them to understand how she could assist residents in exercising their right to vote.[39] She has advocated for and enacted initiatives to streamline the registration process,maintain accurate voter identification,and increase the number of eligible voters. Benson facilitated voter registration by allowing online registration in advance with approved identification and in-person registration on Election Day. In 2020,amid the COVID-19 pandemic,she initiated the distribution of absentee ballots well in advance of the election and spearheaded the state's inaugural campaign to enlist and train a new generation of poll workers.[39] Benson mailed absentee voter applications to all 7.7 million Michigan registered voters for the August primary and November general election,citing the need for equal access and health protection during the COVID-19 pandemic.[40][41] The effort was funded by $4.5 million in federal coronavirus relief funding from the CARES Act.[42] In June,she initiated a platform enabling registered voters to apply for an absentee ballot online,using their state ID and last four digits of their Social Security numbers. Voters were also allowed to submit a scanned,signed copy of their absentee ballot application via email.[43] Benson also played a role in developing an online ballot-tracking tool for absentee ballots.[44]
Benson's administration has worked on improving voter education for students in high schools and colleges statewide,a factor in Michigan achieving the highest youth voter turnout in the 2022 election,where 18 to 29-year-olds participated at a rate of 37%,surpassing the national average of 23%,according to Tufts University's Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement. In August 2019,she initiated the Collegiate Student Advisory Task Force to address challenges that could hinder the voting capabilities of young citizens.[45] Her administration has collaborated with local clerks and colleges,such as the University of Michigan's robust early voting site,and has engaged in programs like MI Vote Matters with high schools,facilitating convenient voting for students and encouraged voter registration among 17- and 18-year-olds.[46][47]
Michigan's 2020 presidential election marked a historic turnout,exceeding 5.5 million voters. Benson credited the achievement to prioritized voter education,enhanced accessibility and a surge in absentee voting,with 3.1 million registered voters choosing to cast their ballots by mail.[48] She has upheld the integrity of the 2020 presidential election in Michigan and has refuted unfounded allegations of voter fraud from former President Donald Trump[44] and has stated that the attempts to delegitimize the election ultimately resulted in the January 6 United States Capitol attack.[49] Local elections in May also achieved a "record-breaking turnout," with 25% of registered voters participating,of which 99% voted by mail or in a drop box—significantly surpassing the 10-year average turnout of 12% in local May elections.[50]
In preparation for the 2024 presidential election,Benson,alongside other Democratic leaders,has collaborated on the Democracy Playbook,a set of over 40 recommendations by the NewDEAL Forum aimed at enhancing election systems nationwide,with a focus on election integrity,voting access,and civic engagement.[51] In July 2023,she confirmed that federal prosecutors interviewed her for "several hours" in March as part of the ongoing criminal probe into efforts to overturn the 2020 election. While not divulging specific details,Benson highlighted the investigators' focus on the impact of misinformation on election workers' lives and threats.[52] Benson is an advocate for stricter penalties against those who harass election workers and for increased funding to support elections. She aims both to explicitly prohibit and to enhance penalties for threatening election officials,'doxxing,' and pressuring them to violate the law. She has highlighted legislative goals that involve tightening rules on petition signature gathering,holding accountable those who mislead voters,and securing more funds for municipalities to conduct elections.[53]
Criticism,lawsuits and threats
As Trump voiced concerns about potential election fraud associated with absentee voting,his criticism particularly targeted Benson's mailing effort. He called Benson a "rogue Secretary of State"[54] and initially threatened to withhold federal funds for coronavirus relief,but later retracted his threat.[55][34] Court rulings affirmed Benson's legal authority to mail absentee ballot applications to all registered voters in Michigan in 2020,while the state auditor discredited Republican claims of fraudulent ballots from deceased voters,highlighting that the 2,775 problematic votes represented only 0.02% of the 11,725,897 votes cast in the eight reviewed elections,with 98.5% of these few votes being cast by electors who died within 40 days of the elections.[56] On December 7,2020,reportedly armed pro-Trump demonstrators gathered outside her home,echoing Trump's election fraud claims. The demonstrators chanted and made threatening demands to overturn Michigan's election results,linking the incident to broader efforts by Trump and his legal team to challenge the election outcome. No arrests were made and police confirmed that there were no breaches of criminal law throughout the demonstration.[57][58] Benson faced death threats for her role in overseeing the 2020 election. In January 2020,a 72-year-old man was arrested after evidence was found in his home related to violent threats he directed at Benson.[59] In December 2022,she stated that threats from election deniers that started in 2020 had not ceased.[60] In May 2023,she claimed in an interview that after the election,Trump suggested she be tried for treason and possibly executed,an accusation he denied.[61] In October 2023,a 60-year-old man from Detroit was sentenced to 15 months of probation after threatening to kill Benson and Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer.[62]
Benson's efforts to modernize and expand access to elections have faced legal challenges,with GOP officials claiming the mailings are illegal and could result in fraudulent activities,although the decision was compliant with the Michigan constitution and upheld in court.[63] Michigan GOP lawmakers,such as Benson's predecessor Ruth Johnson,criticized her for using COVID-19 relief funds to mail absentee ballot applications to all registered voters. Republicans argued that the move could compromise election security and lead to voter fraud. Despite disputes and claims of potential fraudulent activities,experts argued that the multiple verification requirements in place make a significant increase in fraud unlikely.[54] In response to concern over applications reaching dead or relocated individuals,Benson has contended that the mass mailing aids in identifying and removing inactive or deceased voters,and emphasized the long-standing signature verification measures as safeguards against fraud.[64]
Benson has been named in multiple lawsuits. In October 2019,she was specifically named in a lawsuit filed by Priorities USA,a Democratic group,over the elimination of absentee votes due to disparities between a voter's signature and other filed documents with election officials. In November,the group targeted her in a lawsuit challenging the state's automatic registration law and alleging undue burdens on young voters' constitutional rights.[65] In March 2021,Michigan’s Court of Claims ruled against Benson,saying that although the instructions' content did not breach election law,she had not followed the appropriate procedural measures while providing guidance to clerks on verifying signatures on absentee ballots.[66] In September 2022,the Election Integrity Force and others sued Benson and Michigan’s governor,Gretchen Whitmer,in a bid to decertify the 2020 election.[67] Controversies also arose during Benson's administration regarding the Michigan Bureau of Elections' guidance on signature matching for absentee ballots in the lead-up to the 2020 presidential election. The guidance,maintaining the presumption of a valid signature,faced legal scrutiny,and in March 2021,State Court of Claims Judge Christopher M. Murray ruled that such instructions should be issued as an administrative rule. The court found the process used to send the content to the clerks did not follow the state Administrative Procedures Act,prompting the Bureau to undergo the APA rulemaking process,which is now in effect.[68][69]
In a September 2023 opinion piece for The Washington Post,Benson argues that secretaries of state,including herself,shouldn't unilaterally decide Trump's eligibility to serve as President under the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution,and emphasized that the courts,particularly the Supreme Court,are the appropriate forums for such determinations.[70][71] Benson subsequently released the list of candidates to be listed on Michigan's Presidential Primary 2024 ballot. The list included Donald Trump.[72]
In November 2023,Trump's legal team sued to prevent Benson from excluding him in Michigan's 2024 elections. The lawsuit argues Benson lacks authority to disqualify him under the 14th Amendment,seeking an injunction against barring him from the ballot. Despite Trump's request for confirmation,Benson's reported silence adds uncertainty. The dispute traces back to a Free Speech for People lawsuit,asserting Trump's Capitol riot involvement violates Section 3 of the 14th Amendment.[73]
Ethics reforms
Aiming to address the state's 2015 ranking as the lowest in the U.S. for ethics and transparency,Benson has advocated for ethics reforms and emphasized the need for transparency in the state's government in the wake of various scandals.[74] She has aimed to enhance citizens' understanding of influence in Lansing,with financial disclosures as a starting point and the possibility of addressing dark money accounts.[75]
In March 2021,Benson introduced a legislative agenda called "From Worst to First" to enhance government transparency,coinciding with Sunshine Week. The proposed measures included expanding the Freedom of Information Act to cover the governor and Legislature,requiring personal financial disclosures from elected officials,demanding more frequent campaign disclosures,and tightening regulations to prevent secret and foreign money in Michigan elections.[76] In 2023,she criticized inaction from legislators,describing the state's lobbying and campaign finance laws as "far,far behind" other states.[77]
Personal life
A long-distance runner,Benson averages two full marathons per year. She has completed twenty-three full marathons since 2005,[78] including races in New York City,Honolulu,San Francisco,Washington,D.C.,Florence,Venice,Chicago and Philadelphia. She completed her 18th marathon representing Team Red White and Blue in Rome,Italy. She completed her second Boston Marathon in 2016,and became one of a handful of women in history to complete the Boston Marathon while more than eight months pregnant.[79]
Political career
Benson was among several high-profile Democratic officials viewed as potential contenders for the 2024 U.S. Senate race in Michigan to take the seat of retiring Senator Debbie Stabenow.[80] Benson announced that she would not enter the race in March 2023 and said she would instead be focused on protecting democracy and elections in Michigan in her role as Secretary of State. She is considering a run for the open Michigan Governor's seat in 2026.[81]
On January 6,2023,Benson was awarded the Presidential Citizens Medal by President Joe Biden,for her "undaunted and unflinching" work in performing "exemplary public service to advance free and fair elections."[85]
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1 ▌New Progressive (1 territory) Italics indicate no secretary of state in this state, closest equivalent listed An asterisk (*) indicates that the officeholder is serving in an acting capacity.
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