Kadua | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Kadua affinis | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Gentianales |
Family: | Rubiaceae |
Subfamily: | Rubioideae |
Tribe: | Spermacoceae |
Genus: | Kadua Cham. & Schltdl. |
Type species | |
Kadua acuminata Cham. & Schltdl. | |
Species | |
~ 29 species, see text |
Kadua is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It comprises 29 species, [1] all restricted to Polynesia. Twenty-two of these are endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Some of the species are common at high elevation. Others are single-island endemics or very rare, and a few are probably extinct. Kadua affinis is widely distributed in Hawaii and is polymorphic. [2] The type species for the genus is Kadua acuminata. [3]
Kadua was formerly included in a broadly defined and polyphyletic Hedyotis , which encompassed, in addition to Kadua, species now placed in Oldenlandia , Oldenlandiopsis , Houstonia , and other genera. Hedyotis is now circumscribed more narrowly. [4]
In the following list, Kadua haupuensis is added to the species listed by Edward E. Terrell et alii. [5]
|
|
The genus Kadua was erected in 1829 by Adelbert von Chamisso and Diederich von Schlechtendal. [6] They named it for Kadu, a native of Ulea, one of the Marshall Islands. Kadu was a friend of von Chamisso and provided valuable assistance to the 1815–1818 expedition led by Otto von Kotzebue. The generic name Kadua fell into disuse in the 20th century, because most authors considered it to be a synonym of Hedyotis. In 1999, twenty species of Kadua were described as species of Hedyotis in a Flora of Hawaii. [7] Kadua flynnii was described in 1998, [8] and Kadua haupuensis in 2010. [9] Kadua was resurrected in 2005. [5] This taxonomic change was corroborated by molecular phylogenetic studies of the tribe Spermacoceae in 2008 and 2009. [4] [10]
The following phylogenetic tree is partly based on a phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences, [10] and partly inferred from the classification followed in a 2005 paper. [5]
Kadua |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal was a German botanist. The standard author abbreviation Schltdl. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Houstonia (bluet) is a genus of plants in the family Rubiaceae. Many species were formerly classified, along with other genera since segregated elsewhere, in a more inclusive genus Hedyotis.
Oldenlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is pantropical in distribution and has about 240 species. The type species for the genus is Oldenlandia corymbosa.
Guettarda is a plant genus in the family Rubiaceae. Most of these plants are known by the common name velvetseed. Estimates of the number of species range from about 50 to 162. Most of the species are neotropical. Twenty are found in New Caledonia and one reaches Australia. A few others are found on islands and in coastal areas of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Kohautia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are native to tropical areas of Asia, Africa, and Madagascar. Thirty-one species are known. The type species for the genus is Kohautia senegalensis.
Machaonia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It has about 32 species. All are indigenous to the neotropics. None has a unique common name. Some species have been called "alfilerillo", a Spanish name for the common and well-known genus Erodium. The type species for Machaonia is Machaonia acuminata.
Rondeletia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to the Neotropics. There are around 160 species.
Platycarpha is a genus of South African plants dandelion subfamily within the daisy family.
Chiococca is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It currently holds 23 species that are native to Florida, Texas, Mexico, Central America, much of South America, the West Indies, and the islands of Galápagos and Fernando de Noronha.
Hedyotis (starviolet) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Many species of this genus such as Hedyotis biflora, H. corymbosa and H. diffusa are well known medicinal plants. Hedyotis is native to tropical and subtropical Asia and to islands of the northwest Pacific. It comprises about 115 species. The type species for the genus is Hedyotis fruticosa.
Chione is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae containing the single species Chione venosa. It is native to the neotropics, occurring in most of Mexico, and throughout Central America, the Caribbean, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. It is typically a tree growing 10 to 20 meters tall. In harsh habitats, it may be dwarfed and shrubby. It has no known economic use.
Hymenodictyon is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It has about 30 species. All are native to the Old World. The wood of Hymenodictyon orixense is soft and has limited use, mostly for boxes. The type species for Hymenodictyon is Hymenodictyon orixense.
Adina is a genus of 11 species of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs or small trees, native to East Asia and Southeast Asia.
Amphistemon is a genus of 2 species of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is described by Inge Groeninckx in 2010 based on a molecular analysis of the Hedyotis-Oldenlandia group. The genus name is based on the Greek 'amphi-' and 'stemon' (=stamen) referring to the dimorphic stamen position characteristic for this genus.
Crusea is a genus of angiosperms in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is found in the south-western United States, Mexico, and Central America. A few species are naturalized in Cuba and Puerto Rico.
Deppea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is found in Mexico, Central America and from Brazil to northeastern Argentina.
Hedyotis verticillaris is a plant belonging to the family Rubiaceae that is endemic to the higher altitude grasslands of the Nilgiris in southern India. Unlike many others members of the genus the stems of this species are underground and the leaves appear close to the ground forming rosettes and usually hold some water at the centre of the whorl of leaves. The flowers are produced on a stalk.
Wilhelmsia is a monotypic genus of plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. It contains only one species, Wilhelmsia physodes, native to Alaska, northern Canada, and Russia.
Spermacoceae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains about 1346 species in 57 genera. Its representatives are found in the tropics and subtropics.
Birgitta Bremer, Swedish botanist and academic, is professor at Stockholm University, and director of the Bergius Botanic Garden.