Kadua

Last updated

Kadua
Starr 020925-0039 Kadua affinis.jpg
Kadua affinis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Rubiaceae
Subfamily: Rubioideae
Tribe: Spermacoceae
Genus: Kadua
Cham. & Schltdl.
Type species
Kadua acuminata
Cham. & Schltdl.
Species

~ 29 species, see text

Kadua is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It comprises 29 species, [1] all restricted to Polynesia. Twenty-two of these are endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Some of the species are common at high elevation. Others are single-island endemics or very rare, and a few are probably extinct. Kadua affinis is widely distributed in Hawaii and is polymorphic. [2] The type species for the genus is Kadua acuminata. [3]

Contents

Kadua was formerly included in a broadly defined and polyphyletic Hedyotis , which encompassed, in addition to Kadua, species now placed in Oldenlandia , Oldenlandiopsis , Houstonia , and other genera. Hedyotis is now circumscribed more narrowly. [4]

Species

In the following list, Kadua haupuensis is added to the species listed by Edward E. Terrell et alii. [5]

History

Kadua fluviatilis, endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, endangered, O`ahu (Cultivated) Kadua fluviatilis (4765985711).jpg
Kadua fluviatilis, endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, endangered, Oʻahu (Cultivated)

The genus Kadua was erected in 1829 by Adelbert von Chamisso and Diederich von Schlechtendal. [6] They named it for Kadu, a native of Ulea, one of the Marshall Islands. Kadu was a friend of von Chamisso and provided valuable assistance to the 1815–1818 expedition led by Otto von Kotzebue. The generic name Kadua fell into disuse in the 20th century, because most authors considered it to be a synonym of Hedyotis. In 1999, twenty species of Kadua were described as species of Hedyotis in a Flora of Hawaii. [7] Kadua flynnii was described in 1998, [8] and Kadua haupuensis in 2010. [9] Kadua was resurrected in 2005. [5] This taxonomic change was corroborated by molecular phylogenetic studies of the tribe Spermacoceae in 2008 and 2009. [4] [10]

Phylogeny

The following phylogenetic tree is partly based on a phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences, [10] and partly inferred from the classification followed in a 2005 paper. [5]

Kadua

Kadua tryblium

Kadua affinis

Kadua fosbergii

Kadua axillaris

Kadua acuminata

Kadua fluviatilis

Kadua rapensis

Kadua coriacea

Kadua formosa

Kadua knudsenii

Kadua foggiana

Kadua centranthoides

Kadua parvula

Kadua degeneri

Kadua littoralis

Kadua laxiflora

Kadua cordata

Kadua elatior

Kadua flynnii

Kadua haupuensis

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal</span> German botanist (1794–1866)

Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal was a German botanist. The standard author abbreviation Schltdl. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Cuphocarpus is an obsolete genus of flowering plants in the family Araliaceae. Mabberley (2008) treated it as a synonym of Polyscias, but other authors still recognized it at that time. In 2010, in a phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences, it was shown that Cuphocarpus was biphyletic and embedded in the large genus Polyscias. In an accompanying paper, Polyscias was divided into 11 subgenera, with seven species left incertae sedis.

<i>Oldenlandia</i> Genus of plants

Oldenlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is pantropical in distribution and has about 240 species. The type species for the genus is Oldenlandia corymbosa.

<i>Guettarda</i> Genus of flowering plants

Guettarda is a plant genus in the family Rubiaceae. Most of these plants are known by the common name velvetseed.

<i>Kohautia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Kohautia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are native to tropical areas of Asia, Africa, and Madagascar. Thirty-one species are known. The type species for the genus is Kohautia senegalensis.

<i>Machaonia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Machaonia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It has about 32 species. All are indigenous to the neotropics. None has a unique common name. Some species have been called "alfilerillo", a Spanish name for the common and well-known genus Erodium. The type species for Machaonia is Machaonia acuminata.

Platycarpha is a genus of South African plants within the family Asteraceae.

Hedyotis (starviolet) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Many species of this genus such as Hedyotis biflora, H. corymbosa and H. diffusa are well known medicinal plants. Hedyotis is native to tropical and subtropical Asia and to islands of the northwest Pacific. It comprises about 115 species. The type species for the genus is Hedyotis fruticosa.

Chione is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae containing the single species Chione venosa. It is native to the neotropics, occurring in most of Mexico, and throughout Central America, the Caribbean, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. It is typically a tree growing 10 to 20 meters tall. In harsh habitats, it may be dwarfed and shrubby. It has no known economic use.

<i>Hymenodictyon</i> Genus of flowering plants

Hymenodictyon is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It has about 30 species. All are native to the Old World. The wood of Hymenodictyon orixense is soft and has limited use, mostly for boxes. The type species for Hymenodictyon is Hymenodictyon orixense.

<i>Adina</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Adina is a genus of 12 species of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs or small trees, native to East Asia and Southeast Asia.

<i>Arcytophyllum</i> Genus of flowering plants

Arcytophyllum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus contains 18 species, distributed from New Mexico to Bolivia.

<i>Crusea</i> Genus of plants

Crusea is a genus of angiosperms in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is found in the south-western United States, Mexico, and Central America. A few species are naturalized in Cuba and Puerto Rico.

<i>Deppea</i> Genus of plants

Deppea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is found in Mexico, Central America and from Brazil to northeastern Argentina.

<i>Hedyotis verticillaris</i> Species of plant

Hedyotis verticillaris is a plant belonging to the family Rubiaceae that is endemic to the higher altitude grasslands of the Nilgiris in southern India. Unlike many others members of the genus the stems of this species are underground and the leaves appear close to the ground forming rosettes and usually hold some water at the centre of the whorl of leaves. The flowers are produced on a stalk.

<i>Ardisia escallonioides</i> Species of flowering plant

Ardisia escallonioides, the Island marlberry, is a plant species native to the West Indies and neighboring areas. It has been reported from Barbados, Bermuda, the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Mexico, Belize, Guatemala and Florida.

<i>Wilhelmsia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Wilhelmsia is a monotypic genus of plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. It contains only one species, Wilhelmsia physodes, native to Alaska, northern Canada, and Russia.

<i>Cordylostigma</i> Genus of plants

Cordylostigma is a genus in the Rubiaceae. The name was coined in 2010 to contain 9 species formerly belonging to the related genus Kohautia. The nine species are native to tropical and southern Africa from Guinea to Somalia to South Africa, as well as Madagascar, Comoros, and Réunion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spermacoceae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Spermacoceae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains about 1346 species in 57 genera. Its representatives are found in the tropics and subtropics.

Birgitta Bremer, Swedish botanist and academic, is professor at Stockholm University, and director of the Bergius Botanic Garden.

References

  1. Kadua At: World Checklist of Rubiaceae At: Kew Gardens Website. (see External links below).
  2. David J. Mabberley. 2008. Mabberley's Plant-Book third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. ISBN   978-0-521-82071-4 p. 448
  3. Kadua In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: Regnum Vegetabile (see External links below).
  4. 1 2 Groeninckx, Inge; Dessein, Steven; Ochoterena, Helga; Persson, Claes; Motley, Timothy J.; Kårehed, Jesper; Bremer, Birgitta; Huysmans, Suzy; Smets, Erik (2009). "Phylogeny of the Herbaceous Tribe Spermacoceae (Rubiaceae) Based on Plastid DNA Data". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 96: 109–132. doi:10.3417/2006201. S2CID   56042261.
  5. 1 2 3 Terrell, Edward E.; Robinson, Harold E.; Wagner, Warren L.; Lorence, David H. (2005). "Resurrection of Genus Kadua for Hawaiian Hedyotidinae (Rubiaceae), with Emphasis on Seed and Fruit Characters and Notes on South Pacific Species". Systematic Botany. 30 (4): 818. doi:10.1600/036364405775097716. S2CID   85617802.
  6. Adelbert von Chamisso and Diederich von Schlechtendal. 1829. Linnaea4:157. (see External links below)
  7. Warren L. Wagner, Derral R. Herbst, and Sy H. Sohmer. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii, Revised Edition, 1999. Bishop Museum Press: Hololulu, HI, USA.
  8. Warren L. Wagner and David H. Lorence. 1998. "A New, Dioecious Species of Hedyotis (Rubiaceae) from Kauaʻi, Hawaiian Islands, and the Taxonomy of Kauaʻi Hedyotis schlechtendahliana Resolved" Archived 2012-03-12 at the Wayback Machine . Novon8(3):311–317.
  9. David H. Lorence, Warren L. Wagner, and William G. Laidlaw. 2010. "Kadua haupuensis (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae), a new endemic species from Kauaʻi, Hawaiian Islands". Brittonia62(2):137-144. doi : 10.1007/s12228-009-9103-y
  10. 1 2 Karehed, J; Groeninckx, I; Dessein, S; Motley, T; Bremer, B (2008). "The phylogenetic utility of chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers and the phylogeny of the Rubiaceae tribe Spermacoceae". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 49 (3): 843–66. Bibcode:2008MolPE..49..843K. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.09.025. PMID   18950720.