| Princess Royal Class | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 6210 Lady Patricia at Crewe Works in 1948 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Princess Royal Class is a class of express passenger 4-6-2 steam locomotive designed by William Stanier. Twelve examples were built at Crewe Works, between 1933 and 1935, for use on the West Coast Main Line. Two are preserved.
The designer of the class, William Stanier, had previously been Works Manager of the Great Western Railway's depot at Swindon Works, and had been recruited with a brief to replace the LMS's miscellany of locomotives inherited from its constituent companies. He made extensive use of Great Western features in his designs.
To match the power and speed and especially the prestige of the London and North Eastern Railway's express Pacific locomotives, Stanier designed the Princess Royal class almost as soon as he was appointed to the LMS. When originally built, they were used to haul the famous Royal Scot train between London Euston and Glasgow Central.
The class was based on GWR 111 The Great Bear, a design produced in 1907 for the Great Western by George Jackson Churchward. [1] The smokebox and cylinders were closely based on those of the GWR 6000 Class (also known as the King Class). [2] The inside cylinders were abreast the leading bogied wheels and drove cranks on the leading coupled axle, the outside cylinders were abreast the rear bogie wheels (which made substantial cross bracing necessary to brace the cylinders and the locomotive frame together) and drove crank pins on the centre coupled axle. [3] Each of the four cylinders had its own set of Walschaerts valve gear.
Other minor details, such as corks to close oil boxes, closely followed Great Western practice.
A prototype batch of three locomotives was to be constructed in 1933. Two were constructed as drawn but the third set of frames was retained as the basis for an experimental turbine locomotive. [4] [5] [6]
The third prototype was constructed with the aid of the Swedish Ljungstrom turbine company and known as the Turbomotive, although not named. It was numbered 6202, in sequence with the Princess Royals. Although 'generally similar' to the rest of the Princess Royals, [4] and 'not all that much different', [7] it used a larger 40 element superheater to give a higher steam temperature, more suitable for turbine use. [5] [8] [note 1] This boiler was also domeless as would later be used for the second batch of the Princess Royals. The continuous exhaust of the turbine, rather than the sharper intermittent blast of the piston engine, also required changes to the draughting and the use of a double chimney. [9] [10] It entered service in June 1935 on the London–Liverpool service. [11]
This Turbomotive was rebuilt in 1952 with conventional 'Coronation' cylinders and named Princess Anne, but was soon destroyed in the Harrow and Wealdstone rail crash. [10]
A second batch of eleven locomotives was constructed later. [12] The first two locomotives of the class to be produced had a firebox combustion volume too small for the grate area, and the subsequent locomotives had enlarged fireboxes. [2]
Each locomotive was named after a princess, the official name for the class was chosen because Mary, Princess Royal was the Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Scots. However, the locomotives were known to railwaymen as "Lizzies", after the second example of the class, named for Princess Elizabeth, who later became Queen Elizabeth II. Later examples of 4-6-2 express passenger locomotive built by the LMS were of the related but larger, Coronation Class.
The class was withdrawn in the early 1960s in line with British Railways' modernisation plan.
| LMS No. | BR No. | Name(s) | Date Built | Date Withdrawn | Photograph | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6200 | 46200 | The Princess Royal | 27 July 1933 | 17 November 1962 |  | Last to be withdrawn. |
| 6201 | 46201 | Princess Elizabeth | 3 November 1933 | 20 October 1962 |  | Preserved. |
| 6203 | 46203 | Princess Margaret Rose | 1 July 1935 | 20 October 1962 |  | Preserved. Owned by the Princess Royal Class Locomotive Trust. |
| 6204 | 46204 | Princess Louise | 19 July 1935 | 7 October 1961 | ||
| 6205 | 46205 | Princess Victoria | 24 July 1935 | 25 November 1961 | Fitted with modified valve gear in 1947. Converted back to normal in 1955. | |
| 6206 | 46206 | Princess Marie Louise | 1 August 1935 | 20 October 1962 |  | |
| 6207 | 46207 | Princess Arthur of Connaught | 9 August 1935 | 25 November 1961 | Appeared in the 1930s classic documentary film No. 6207; A Study in Steel which showed the production of the locomotive from molten steel to the finished product. | |
| 6208 | 46208 | Princess Helena Victoria | 16 August 1935 | 20 October 1962 | ||
| 6209 | 46209 | Princess Beatrice | 23 August 1935 | 29 September 1962 |  | |
| 6210 | 46210 | Lady Patricia | 6 September 1935 | 7 October 1961 | ||
| 6211 | 46211 | Queen Maud | 18 September 1935 | 7 October 1961 | ||
| 6212 | 46212 | Duchess of Kent | 21 October 1935 | 7 October 1961 |
Two examples, 6201 Princess Elizabeth and 6203 Princess Margaret Rose are preserved and both have operated on the mainline in preservation. They were named after the two children of Prince Albert, Duke of York (later King George VI), and his wife, Elizabeth, Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth, and after the king's death, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother). Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary (later Queen Elizabeth II) was seven years old in 1933 when her namesake was built, and Princess Margaret Rose was nearly five in July 1935 when her namesake was completed. At the time, they were third and fourth in line to the throne. 'Princess Margaret Rose' is owned by The Princess Royal Class Locomotive Trust and is on static display at the West Shed Museum, Midland Railway-Butterley, Ripley, Derbyshire.
Note: Loco numbers in bold mean their current number.
| Number | Name | Built | Withdrawn | Service Life | Livery | Location | Owners | Status | Mainline Certified | Photograph | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LMS | BR | |||||||||||
| 6201 | 46201 | Princess Elizabeth | Nov 1933 | Oct 1962 | 28 Years, 11 Months | LMS Crimson Lake (on completion) | Carnforth MPD | 6201 Princess Elizabeth Society | Under Overhaul [13] | No, to be certified |  | Withdrawn July/August 2021 due to cracked firebox. Mainline Standard overhaul commenced in September 2023. [14] |
| 6203 | 46203 | Princess Margaret Rose | Jul 1935 | Oct 1962 | 27 Years, 3 Months | BR Crimson Lake, Late Crest | Butterley | Princess Royal Class Locomotive Trust | Static Display | No |  | Last ran in 1996. |
The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Coronation Class is a class of express passenger steam locomotives designed by William Stanier. They were an enlarged and improved version of his previous design, the LMS Princess Royal Class, and on test were the most powerful steam locomotives ever used in Britain at 2,511 dbhp. The locomotives were specifically designed for power as it was intended to use them on express services between London Euston and Glasgow Central; their duties were to include the hauling of a proposed non-stop express, subsequently named the Coronation Scot. The first ten locomotives of the Coronation class were built in a streamlined form in 1937 by the addition of a steel streamlined casing. Five of these ten were specifically set aside to pull the Coronation Scot. Although a later batch of five unstreamlined locomotives was produced in 1938, most of the ensuing Coronation class were outshopped as streamliners. From 1944 until production ended in 1948, all-new engines were built in unstreamlined form and all the streamliners had their casings removed. The last of the 38 locomotives was completed in 1948.
The LMS Turbomotive was a modified LMS Princess Royal Class steam turbine locomotive designed by William Stanier and built by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1935. It was inspired by the Swedish Ljungström locomotives first introduced in 1922. It used turbines instead of cylinders. It was later rebuilt as a conventional locomotive No. 46202 Princess Anne.
Sir William Arthur Stanier, was a British railway engineer, and was chief mechanical engineer of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway.
The London, Midland and Scottish Railway had the largest stock of steam locomotives of any of the 'Big Four' Grouping, i.e. pre-Nationalisation railway companies in the UK. Despite early troubles arising from factions within the new company, the LMS went on to build some very successful designs; many lasted until the end of steam traction on British Railways in 1968. For an explanation of numbering and classification, see British Rail locomotive and multiple unit numbering and classification.
The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Jubilee Class is a class of steam locomotive designed for main line passenger work. 191 locomotives were built between 1934 and 1936. They were built concurrently with the similar looking LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0. They were nicknamed Red Staniers and Jubs.
The steam locomotives of British Railways were used by British Railways over the period 1948–1968. The vast majority of these were inherited from its four constituent companies, the "Big Four".
The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Stanier Class 5 4-6-0, commonly known as the Black Five, is a class of 4-6-0 steam locomotives. It was introduced by William Stanier and built between 1934 and 1951, of which 842 were built and were numbered 4658-5499. Several members of the class survived to the last day of steam on British Railways in 1968, and eighteen are preserved.
The Patriot Class was a class of 52 express passenger steam locomotives built for the London Midland and Scottish Railway. The first locomotive of the class was built in 1930 and the last in 1934. The class was based on the chassis of the Royal Scot combined with the boiler from Large Claughtons earning them the nickname Baby Scots. A total of 18 were rebuilt to create the LMS Rebuilt Patriot Class between 1946 and 1948; thereafter those not subjected to rebuilding were often referred to as the Unrebuilt Patriot Class. These remaining 34 unrebuilt engines were withdrawn between 1960 and 1962.
The London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Stanier Class 5 2-6-0 or Stanier Mogul is a class of 2-6-0 mixed traffic steam locomotives. Forty were built between October 1933 and March 1934.
The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Hughes Crab or Horwich Mogul is a class of mixed-traffic 2-6-0 steam locomotive built between 1926 and 1932. They are noted for their appearance with large steeply-angled cylinders to accommodate a restricted loading gauge.
The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Stanier Class 2 0-4-4T was a class of 10 light passenger locomotives built in 1932. Ostensibly designed under new Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) William Stanier, they were in fact the last new design of the Midland Railway's school of engineering.
The Stanier Class 3P 2-6-2T was a class of London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) steam locomotive. They were designed by William Stanier based on the earlier LMS Fowler 2-6-2T.
Sir William Stanier's London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Class 4P 2-Cylinder 2-6-4T was a class of 206 steam locomotive built between 1935 and 1943. They were based on his LMS 3-Cylinder 2-6-4T.
The London, Midland and Scottish Railway Compound 4-4-0 was a class of steam locomotive designed for passenger work.
6201 Princess Elizabeth is a preserved steam locomotive in England. It is one of two preserved LMS Princess Royal Class; the other being 46203 Princess Margaret Rose.
London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Princess Royal Class No. 6203Princess Margaret Rose is a preserved British steam locomotive.
The LMS Stanier Class 4P 3-Cylinder 2-6-4T is a class of steam locomotives designed for work over the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway route. All 37 were built in 1934 at Derby Works and were numbered 2500–2536. The third cylinder was provided to allow increased acceleration between the many stops on the L.T.&S.R. line. From 1935 the LMS switched to constructing a very similar, albeit simpler, 2-cylinder design.
The London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS), Rebuilt Patriot Class was a class of 4-6-0 steam locomotives. They were rebuilt from LMS Patriot Class locomotives over the period 1946–1949. By the end of 1947, the LMS had rebuilt seven engines, these being 5514/21/26/29–31/40. After nationalisation, a further eleven locomotives were rebuilt. Rebuilt locomotives retained their numbers.
London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS), Coronation Class, LMS No. 6235, British Railways No. 46235 City of Birmingham is a preserved British steam locomotive.
The MS Belpamela was a heavy-lift ship of the Norwegian shipping company Belships. The ship sank on 11 April 1947 off Newfoundland while on passage from New York to Cherbourg, after the cargo of 17 locomotives shifted during a storm.
| Authority control databases: National |
|---|
