Lepiota clypeolaria | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Fungi |
Division: | Basidiomycota |
Class: | Agaricomycetes |
Order: | Agaricales |
Family: | Agaricaceae |
Genus: | Lepiota |
Species: | L. clypeolaria |
Binomial name | |
Lepiota clypeolaria | |
Synonyms [1] | |
Lepiota ochraceosulfurescensLocq. ex Bon (1981) Contents |
Lepiota clypeolaria, commonly known as the shield dapperling or the shaggy-stalked Lepiota, is a common mushroom in the genus Lepiota . It is widely distributed in northern temperate zones, where it grows in deciduous and coniferous forest. Fruit bodies have a brownish cap, a shaggy stipe with a collapsed, sheathing ring or ring zone, and spindle-shaped spores.
Lepiota clypeolaria | |
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Gills on hymenium | |
Cap is campanulate or convex | |
Hymenium is free | |
Stipe has a ring | |
Spore print is white | |
Edibility is unknown or poisonous |
The cap is egg-shaped when young, soon broadly bell-shaped and has pale straw- or orange-brown scales on a pale background. The central umbo is covered with a well-delimited uniform disk of the same colour as the scales. It grows to a diameter of 4–7 cm (1.6–2.8 in). The gills are white, crowded, free from attachment to the stipe. [2]
The white stem has an indistinct ring, below which it is coarsely woolly, giving an appearance which is sometimes described as "booted". The stipe, which measures 5–12 cm (2.0–4.7 in) long by 0.3–1 cm (0.12–0.39 in) thick, is hollow and slender, expanding slightly at the base into a club shape. The flesh is white and has an unpleasant smell. [2]
The spore print is white. Spores are fuse-shaped (fusiform), meaning that they are tapered at both ends. They have dimensions of 12–16 by 5–6 μm. Cystidia on the gill edge (cheilocystidia) are club-shaped to cylindrical, and measure 20–40 by 5–15 μm. [2]
The fruit bodies of Lepiota clypeolaria grow singly or in small groups on the ground in deciduous and coniferous forests. A common species, it is widespread in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, and has been reported from Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. [3] Fruiting occurs in autumn. [4] In China, it is known from the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Guangdong, and Yunnan. [3]
The species was first described in 1789 as Agaricus clypeolarius by French mycologist Jean Baptiste Francois Bulliard. Paul Kummer transferred it to Lepiota in 1871. [1] It is commonly known as the "shaggy-stalked Lepiota". [4]
L. clypeolaria is probably the best known of the section Fusisporae within genus Lepiota, whose members are characterized by long spindle-shaped spores and a fluffy stem beneath the ring. [5]
The species Lepiota ochraceosulfurescens may be distinguished as having a less defined dark area in the cap centre, a smell of rubber or melted butter, and yellow flesh in the stipe base, [6] but in Species Fungorum and Funga Nordica this name is regarded as a synonym. [1] [7]
Lepiota magnispora is similar in appearance and often confused with L. clypeolaria. The former species has brighter colours with a more intensely coloured cap center, and longer spores. [8]
L. clypeolaria is considered to be poisonous, [9] but more importantly, it resembles some of the more deadly species of its genus. [10]
Amanita porphyria, also known as the grey veiled amanita or the porphyry amanita, is a fairly common, inedible mushroom of the genus Amanita found in Europe and North America.
Echinoderma is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Its members were for a long time considered to belong to genus Lepiota and the group was then circumscribed by French mycologist Marcel Bon in 1981 as a subgenus of Cystolepiota before he raised it to generic status in 1991.
Leratiomyces ceres, commonly known as the Redlead Roundhead, is mushroom which has a bright red to orange cap and dark purple-brown spore deposit. It is usually found growing gregariously on wood chips and is one of the most common and most distinctive mushrooms found in that habitat. It is common on wood chips and lawns in North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand and elsewhere. The name Stropharia aurantiaca has been used extensively but incorrectly for this mushroom.
Agaricus bitorquis, commonly known as torq, banded agaric, spring agaric, banded agaricus, urban agaricus, or pavement mushroom, is an edible white mushroom of the genus Agaricus, similar to the common button mushroom that is sold commercially. The name supersedes Agaricus rodmani.
Pleurotus dryinus, commonly known as the veiled oyster mushroom, is a species of fungus in the family Pleurotaceae. It grows on dead wood and is also a weak pathogen; infecting especially broad-leaved trees.
Echinoderma asperum or Lepiota aspera, sometimes known commonly as the freckled dapperling, is a large, brownish, white-gilled mushroom, with a warty or scaly cap. It lives in woodland, or on bark chips in parks, and gardens.
Lachnella is a genus of cyphelloid fungi in the Niaceae family. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains six species.
Agaricus silvaticus, otherwise known as the scaly wood mushroom, blushing wood mushroom, or pinewood mushroom, is a species of mushroom often found in groups in coniferous forests from early summer, or September through to November in Europe, North Africa and North America.
Suillellus queletii, commonly known as the deceiving bolete, is an uncommon, edible mushroom in the genus Suillellus.
Marasmius siccus, or orange pinwheel, is a small orange mushroom in the Marasmius genus, with a "beach umbrella"-shaped cap. The tough shiny bare stem is pale at the top but reddish brown below, and the gills are whitish. The stem is 3–7 centimetres (1.2–2.8 in) tall and the cap is 0.5–2.5 centimetres (0.20–0.98 in) wide.
Gymnopus fusipes is a parasitic species of gilled mushroom which is quite common in Europe and often grows in large clumps. It is variable but easy to recognize because the stipe soon becomes distinctively tough, bloated and ridged.
Gymnopus peronatus is a species of gilled mushroom which is common in European woods. The English name wood woolly-foot has been given to this species.
Mycetinis scorodonius is one of the garlic-scented mushrooms formerly in the genus Marasmius, having a beige cap of up to 3 cm and a tough slender stipe.
Mycetinis kallioneus is a mushroom formerly in the genus Marasmius, which grows with dwarf shrubs and flowering plants in an arctic environment where the ground is covered by snow for much of the year.
Rhizomarasmius setosus is a tiny whitish mushroom having a distinctive hairy stem. It has been given the vernacular name "Beechleaf Parachute".
Rhizomarasmius undatus is a small mushroom which grows on fern rhizomes.
Infundibulicybe gibba, and commonly known as the common funnel or funnel cap, is a species of gilled mushroom which is common in European woods.
Marasmius cohaerens is a species of gilled mushroom which is fairly common in European woods.
Marasmius wynneae is a species of gilled mushroom found in European woods.
Crepidotus applanatus is a species of fungus in the family Crepidotaceae. It was first described in 1796 by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon and renamed by Paul Kummer in 1871. It is inedible.