| Cinema of Estonia |
|---|
 |
| List of Estonian films |
| 1908–1918 |
| 1918–1940 |
| 1940–1953 |
| 1953–1991 |
| Since 1991 |
| Estonian Animation |
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This is a list of most notable films produced in Estonia and in the Estonian language in chronological order.
| Cinema of Estonia |
|---|
| |
| List of Estonian films |
| 1908–1918 |
| 1918–1940 |
| 1940–1953 |
| 1953–1991 |
| Since 1991 |
| Estonian Animation |
|
This is a list of most notable films produced in Estonia and in the Estonian language in chronological order.
List of Estonian films made in Governorate of Estonia and Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire
| Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1912 | ||||||
| Utotškini lendamised Tartu kohal | Johannes Pääsuke | Documentary | Released on April 30, 1912 by Estonia Film | |||
| Vaateid Võrumaalt | Johannes Pääsuke | Documentary | Produced by Estonia Film Tartus | |||
| 1913 | ||||||
| Laenatud naene | Unknown | Paul Pinna, Alfred Sällik | Comedy | |||
| Estonia Filmi kroonika | Johannes Pääsuke | Documentary | Produced by Estonia Film Tartus | |||
| Retki poikki Setunmaan | Johannes Pääsuke | Documentary | Produced by Estonia Film Tartus | |||
| Suur lumetuisk Baltimaal jõulukuul 1913 | Johannes Pääsuke | Documentary | Produced by Estonia Film Tartus | |||
| Ajaloolised mälestused Eestimaa minevikust | Johannes Pääsuke | Documentary | Produced by Estonia Film Tartus | |||
| 1914 | ||||||
| Karujaht Pärnumaal | Johannes Pääsuke | Comedy | Short film by Estonia Film | |||
| Tartu Vabatahtlike Tuletõrjujate Seltsi 50. aastapäeva pidustused | Johannes Pääsuke | Documentary | Produced by Estonia Film Tartus | |||
| Tartu linn ja ümbrus | Johannes Pääsuke | Documentary | Produced by Estonia Film Tartus | |||
List of notable Estonian films made in Republic of Estonia (1918–1940)
| Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1921 | ||||||
| Näitus Tallinnas | Documentary | Produced by Estonia Film | ||||
| 1923 | ||||||
| Tallinna sadam | Documentary | Produced by Estonia Film | ||||
| Vanaema kingitus | Fjodor Ljubovski | Comedy | Produced by Regina-Film | |||
| Must teemant | Fjodor Ljubovski, Jakob Sildnik | Drama | ||||
| 1924 | ||||||
| Mineviku varjud | A. Nugis, Valter Palm | Valdur Tohera, Elsa Silber, Klaara Kruus, Eduard Türk, Woldemar Step, Eduard Ruttoff, Mihkel Lepper, Aleks Lummer, R. Engelberg | Historical drama | Produced by Eesti National Film | ||
| Õnnelik korterikriisi lahendus | Konstantin Märska | Eduard Pütsep, Olga Liewonen, Kaljo Raag, Jaan Tihkan, Voldemar Kuulbas, Olga Holts | Comedy | Produced by Eesti National Film | ||
| Eesti linnad: Tartu, Narva, Viljandi Filmikaameraga läbi Eesti 3.osa | Documentary | Produced by Estonia Film | ||||
| 1925 | ||||||
| Tšeka komissar Miroštšenko | Paul Sehnert | Alfred Hindrea, Leoniide Jürisson, Mihkel Lepper, Niina Ormus, Leonid Puhov, Eduard Pütsep, Kaljo Raag, Elsa Silber, Valentine Vassiljeva | Drama | Produced by Eesti National Film | ||
| Esimese öö õigus | Balduin Kusbock | Mary-Melsas Lukk, René Leer, Heino Vaks, Hartius Möller, Niina Kusbock, Adalbert Kirschberg, Carl Treumundt, Ludmilla Puhmas-Karma, Johannes Jea | Drama | Produced by Taara-Film | ||
| 1925 | ||||||
| Kuressaare | Documentary | Produced by Estonia Film | ||||
| 1926 | ||||||
| Filmikaameraga läbi Eesti üheksas osa: Põhja-Eesti | Documentary | Produced by Estonia Film | ||||
| 1927 | ||||||
| Noored kotkad | Theodor Luts | Arnold Vaino, Juhan Nõmmik, Ruut Tarmo, Elly Põder-Roht, Amalie Konsa, Aksella Luts, Rudolf Ratassepp, Olev Reintalu, Vambola Kurg, Juhan Sütiste, August Sunne | Drama | |||
| Kevade unelm | Voldemar Päts | Alfred Hindrea, Voldemar Päts, Georg Rusi, Elsa Silber | Tragicomedy | Produced by Film Klubi | ||
| 1929 | ||||||
| Dollarid | Mihkel Lepper | Paul Pinna, Signe Pinna | Comedy | |||
| Vigased pruudid | Johannes Loop, Konstantin Märska | Joosep Koppel, Karl Laas, Georg Leiesm, Margareta Müller, E. Pessin, Ly Schönberg, Samuel Siirak | Comedy | Produced by Konstantin Märska Filmiproduktsioon | ||
| Jüri Rumm | Konstantin Märska | Hans Suursööt, Ly Kerge, Boris Jaanikosk, Karl Laas, Mihkel Lepper, Benno Hansen, Salme Peetson, Elsa Silber, Meta Kelgo, Valdur Tohera, Voldemar Päts, Olga Holts, Alfred Hindrea | Adventure | Produced by Konstantin Märska Filmiproduktsioon | ||
| Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1930 | ||||||
| Kuldämblik | Boris Jaanikosk | Olga Torokoff-Tiedeberg, Georg Leies, Aleksander Arder, E. Pessin, Ly Schönberg, Karl Laas, Hendrik Saar, Pritt Veebel, Aino Uiga, Evi Konsa, Paul Kuusik | Musical | Produced by Konstantin Märska Filmproduktsioon | ||
| Kire lained | Vladimir Gaidarov | Raimondo Van Riel, Vladimir Gaidarov, Hugo Laur, Ita Rina, Jutta Jol, Fritz Greiner, Ernst Falkenberg, Hugo Döblin, Eduard Rebane, E. Garray, Robert Rood, Ants Eskola | Adventure | Produced by A/S Urania (Estonia)/ Wladimir Gaidarow G.m.b.H.(Germany) | ||
| Pühapäevakütid | Balduin Kusbock | Karl Laas, Ly Schönberg, Georg Leies, Olga Holts | Comedy | Taara-film | ||
| Vahva sõdur Joosep Toots | Theodor Luts, Arnold Vaino | Arnold Vaino, Linda Vaino, Vambola Kurg, Alfred Knight | Comedy | Produced by Theodor Lutsu Filmiproduktsioon | ||
| Talwe | Documentary | Produced by Eesti Kultuurfilm | ||||
| 1931 | ||||||
| Öösel | Armas Hirvonen | Karl Laas, Priit Põldroos, Adolf Himbeck, Juhan Nõmmik | Tragedy | Eesti Film Produktion | ||
| Gaas! Gaas! Gaas! | Theodor Luts | Documentary | Produced by Theodor Lutsu Filmiproduktsioon | |||
| Kas tunned maad... | Theodor Luts | Documentary | Produced by Theodor Lutsu Filmiproduktsioon | |||
| Ruhno | Theodor Luts | Documentary | Produced by Theodor Lutsu Filmiproduktsioon | |||
| Meie läänerannik ja saared | Theodor Luts | Documentary | Produced by Theodor Lutsu Filmiproduktsioon | |||
| Kaitseväe töö ja elu | Theodor Luts | Documentary | Produced by Theodor Lutsu Filmiproduktsioon | |||
| Kutsu-Juku seiklusi | Voldemar Päts | Animation | ||||
| 1932 | ||||||
| Päikese lapsed | Theodor Luts | Nadezda Peedi-Hoffman, Elfi Lepp-Stroobel, Ants Eskola, Rahel Olbrei | Musical | Produced by Theodor Lutsu Filmiproduktsioon / Suomi Filmi OY | ||
| Alma Mater Tartuensis (Tartu Ülikool-300) | Documentary | Produced by Tartu Ülikool | ||||
| 1933 | ||||||
| Eesti Kultuurfilmi ringvaade: Tallinna sadama ajalugu nr.8.9 | Documentary | Produced by Eesti Kultuurfilm | ||||
| Tallinn- Kaunas- Riia nr.8;9 | Documentary | Produced by Eesti Kultuurfilm | ||||
| Riigi Sadamatehas | Documentary | Produced by Eesti Kultuurfilm | ||||
| 1936 | ||||||
| Õielt tarru | Documentary | Produced by Eesti Kultuurfilm | ||||
| Eesti Raamat. Pildistusi eesti kirjanduse neljasaja- aastaselt arenguteelt | Documentary | Produced by Eesti Kultuurfilm | ||||
| Kalurid nr.81 | Documentary | Produced by Eesti Kultuurfilm | ||||
| 1937 | ||||||
| Eesti mets | Documentary | Produced by Eesti Kultuurfilm | ||||
| Ilu- ja tarbeesemete valmistamine kodumaa savist nr.19 | Documentary | Produced by Eesti Kultuurfilm | ||||
| Vilsandi linnuriik nr.128 | Documentary | Produced by Eesti Kultuurfilm | ||||
| 1938 | ||||||
| Põlevkivi ja põlevkiviõli tootmine | Documentary | Produced by Eesti Kultuurfilm | ||||
List of notable films made in the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic.
| Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1947 | ||||||
| Elu tsitadellis | Gerbert Rappaport | Hugo Laur, Aino Talvi, Gunnar Kilgas, Lia Laats, Lembit Rajala, Andres Särev, Betty Kuuskemaa, Rudolf Nuude, Aleksander Randviir, Eduard Tinn, Boris Dobronravov, Johannes Kaljo, Meta Luts | Drama | Lenfilm, based on the 1946 play of the same name by Estonian author and communist politician August Jakobson | ||
| Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1951 | ||||||
| Valgus Koordis | Gerbert Rappaport | Georg Ots, Aleksander Randviir, Valentine Tern, Ilmar Tammur, Rudolf Nuude, Olev Tinn, Elmar Kivilo, Evi Rauer, Hugo Laur, Johannes Kaljola, Franz Malmsten, Lembit Rajala, Arnold Kasuk, Ants Eskola | Drama | Lenfilm, Tallinna Kinostuudio | ||
| 1955 | ||||||
| Andruse õnn | Gerbert Rappaport | Enn Adusson, Hugo Laur, Kalju Vaha, Ants Lauter, Ruth Peramets, Lembit Eelmäe, Ita Ever, Linda Tubin, Rudolf Nuude | Drama | Lenfilm | ||
| Kui saabub õhtu | Aleksandr Mandrõkin | Georg Taleš, Ülo Rannaste, Eike Joasoo, Aaro Pärn, Inge Põder, Sophie Sooäär, Karl Ots, Boris Blinov, Jaan Johanson, Aleksander Mägi, Ants Aasma, Heino Otto, Ilmar Kuusemets, Theodor Puks, Juta Arg | Drama | Tallinna Kinostuudio | ||
| Jahid merel | Mikhail Yegorov | Rein Aren, Olev Eskola, Evi Rauer, Ruth Peramets, Endel Nõmberg, Kaarel Karm, Õie Orav, Alfred Kütt, Kaljo Kiisk, Arvo Kruusement, Rudolf Nuude, Lembit Rajala, Aksel Orav, Valdeko Ratassepp, Olev Eensalu, Artur Linnamägi | Drama | Tallinna Kinostuudio | ||
| Värav nr.2 | Oleg Lentsius | Ruut Tarmo, Linda Sellistemägi-Moor, Aleksander Mägi, Endel Padrik, Jüri Järvet, Mari Möldre-Tarmo, Elle Timmer, Linda Tubin, Voldemar Alev, Endel Pärn, Johannes Kaal | Short Comedy | Kunstiliste and Kroonikafilmide Tallinna Kinostuudio | ||
| 1956 | ||||||
| Tagahoovis | Viktor Nevezhin | Ita Ever, Katrin Välbe, Alfred Rebane, Eino Baskin, Kaarel Karm, Hugo Laur, Franz Malmsten, Aleksander Mägi, Evi Rauer, Meta Luts, Olev Eskola, Eve Kivi, Ervin Abel, Erich Jaansoo, Olev Tinn, Aino Talvi, Lisl Lindau, Ado Hõimre, Ilmar Tammur, Johannes Rebane, Anna Tamm, Arno Suurorg, Inna Taarna, Laine Mesikäpp | ||||
| Mehed jäävad koju | Igor Yeltsov | Ants Eskola, Linda Rummo, Arvo Tahk, Alfred Mering, Priit Raudkivi, Kulno Raide, Leili Bluumer, Tõnu Naissoo | Short Comedy | |||
| Üks moment, oodake! | Virve Reiman | Endel Simmermann, Ilmar Tammur, Truuta Kuusik, Laine Vetka | Short Comedy | |||
| 1957 | ||||||
| Juunikuu päevad | Kaljo Kiisk, Viktor Nevezhin | Andres Särev, Paul Varandi, Astrid Koik, Eva Klink, Paul Ruubel, Heinz Freiberg, Ants Eskola, Rein Mikk, Eha Sikk, Ita Ever, Arvo Kruusement, Hugo Laur, Vello Viisimaa, Roman Baskin | Drama | |||
| Pöördel | Aleksandr Mandrõkin | Gunnar Kilgas, Franz Malmsten, Ants Eskola, Katrin Välbe, Ellen Kaarma, Rein Aren, Ants Lauter, Asta Vihandi | Drama | |||
| 1958 | ||||||
| Esimese järgu kapten | Aleksandr Mandrõkin | Boris Livanov, Vladimir Yemeljanov, Mikhail Orlov, Olev Eskola, Ninel Moshkova, Eve Kivi | Historical Drama | Based on the novel of the same name by Alexei Novikov-Priboy. Russian language with Estonian subtitles | ||
| 1959 | ||||||
| Vallatud kurvid | Kaljo Kiisk, Yuli Kun | Terje Luik, Rein Aren, Peeter Kard, Eve Kivi, Harijs Liepiņš, Rudolf Nuude, Jaanus Orgulas | Comedy | |||
| Veealused karid | Viktor Nevezhin | Aksel Orav, Agnessa Peterson, Lia Laats, Ants Eskola, Arno Suurorg, Ott Raukas, Aleksander Mägi, Valdo Truve, Karl Ots, Lisl Lindau, Olev Tinn, Voldemar Alev, Aado Hõimre, Katrin Välbe, Lembit Anton, Ants Jõgi, Paul Ruubel | Drama | |||
| Kutsumata külalised | Igor Yeltsov | Rein Aren, Heino Mandri, Hilja Varem, Jüri Järvet, Valdo Truve, Ants Lauter, Ants Eskola, Kaarel Karm, Hugo Laur, Voldemar Panso, Aino Talvi, Olev Eskola, Rudolf Nuude, Lisl Lindau | Crime Drama | |||
| Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1961 | ||||||
| Ühe küla mehed | Jüri Müür | Kaarel Karm, Helend Peep, Einari Koppel, Oskar Liigard, Peeter Kard, Herta Elviste, Aino Seep, Kaljo Kiisk, Mall Sillandi, Arnold Sikkel | Drama | |||
| 1960 | ||||||
| Perekond Männard | Aleksandr Mandrõkin | Paul Ruubel, Evi Rauer, Endel Nõmberg, Juri Bogoljubov, Peeter Volmer, Rudolf Nuude, Hilda Sooper, Terje Luik, Sulev Nõmmik, Asta Vihandi, Jevgeni Vlassov, Olev Eskola, Alfred Mering, Alfred Rebane | Historical drama | |||
| Vihmas ja päikeses | Gerbert Rappaport | Jaan Saul, Mikk Mikiver, Eva Murniece, Larisa Luzhina, Jaanus Orgulas, Rein Olmaru, Nikolai Slichenko, Maila Rästas, Lembit Anton, Mati Klooren | Drama | |||
| 1961 | ||||||
| Juhuslik kohtumine | Viktor Nevezhin | Georg Ots, Marina Jurassova, Arved Haug, Lia Laats, Eino Baskin, Alide Bock, Alice Ader, Johannes Kepp, Uno Loop | Musical-Comedy | |||
| Laulu sõber | Ilja Fogelman, Reet Kasesalu | Ilmar Tammur, Leili Jäärats, Ramon Keppe, Karl Kalkun, Betty Kuuskemaa, Aino Seep-Breede, Eve Kivi, Valter Soosõrv, Valdeko Ratassepp, Jüri Järvet, Reet Krosman, Endel Nõmberg | Drama | |||
| Ohtlikud kurvid | Kaljo Kiisk & Juli Kun | Terje Luik, Rein Aren, Peeter Kard, Eve Kivi, Harijs Liepiņš, Rudolf Nuude, Jaanus Orgulas | Comedy | |||
| Ühe küla mehed | Jüri Müür | Drama | ||||
| 1962 | ||||||
| Jääminek | Kaljo Kiisk | Hugo Laur, Sirje Arbi, Helend Peep, Kaarel Karm, Katrin Välbe, Arvi Hallik, Rudolf Nuude, Oskar Liigand, Hilda Sooper, Andres Särev | Historical drama | |||
| Õhtust hommikuni | Leida Laius | Viiu Härm, Kirill Lavrov, Ülle Ulla, Aksel Orav | Short drama | |||
| Ühe katuse all | Igor Yeltsov | Dzidra Ritenberga, Rein Aren, Viiu Härm, Elsa Ratassepp, Ita Ever, Aino Seep, Rudolf Nuude, Olav Osolin, Jüri Järvet, Paul Rinne, Ines Aru | Drama | |||
| 1963 | ||||||
| Jalgrattataltsutajad | Juli Kun | Comedy | ||||
| Jäljed | Kaljo Kiisk | Mati Klooren, Hugo Laur, Kaarel Karm, Paul Ruubel, Rudolf Nuude, Aleksander Sats, Ada Lundver, Sirje Arbi, Rein Aren, Jüri Järvet, Oskar Liigand, Arvi Hallik, Helend Peep, Einari Koppel, Elsa Ratassepp | Drama | |||
| Roosa kübar | Veljo Käsper | Herta Elviste, Eneken Aksel | Short drama | |||
| 1964 | ||||||
| Põrgupõhja uus Vanapagan | Grigori Kromanov & Jüri Müür | Elmar Salulaht, Ants Eskola, Astrid Lepa, Leida Rammo, Olev Eskola, Jüri Järvet, Eili Sild | Drama | |||
| Null kolm | Igor Yeltsov | Drama | ||||
| 1965 | ||||||
| Me olime 18-aastased | Kaljo Kiisk | Evald Hermaküla, Mare Garšnek, Peeter Kard, Tõnu Aav, Rein Koppelman, Feliks Kark, Tiina Ideon, Einari Koppel, Kaarel Karm, Heino Mandri, Franz Malmsten, Hugo Laur, Ants Eskola, Jüri Müür, Grigori Kromanov | Drama | |||
| Mäeküla piimamees | Leida Laius | Drama | ||||
| Supernoova | Veljo Käsper | Drama | ||||
| 1966 | ||||||
| Kirjad Sõgedate külast | Jüri Müür | Drama | ||||
| Mis juhtus Andres Lapeteusega? | Grigori Kromanov | Einari Koppel, Ita Ever, Heino Mandri, Uno Loit, Kaljo Kiisk, Rein Aren, Ada Lundver, Ants Eskola, Olev Eskola, Hardi Tiidus, Elmar Kivilo, Helgi Sallo, Voldemar Kuslap | Drama | Translated as What Happened to Andres Lapeteus? | ||
| Tütarlaps mustas | Veljo Käsper | Gerlinda Kopelman, Juozas Budraitis, Lisl Lindau, Viiu Härm, Jüri Järvet, Evald Hermaküla, Ellen Liiger, Peeter Jeret, Ulvi Saalist, Ines Aru, Linda Tubin, Hilja Varem | Drama | |||
| 1967 | ||||||
| Keskpäevane praam | Kaljo Kiisk | Comedy / Drama | ||||
| 1968 | ||||||
| Hullumeelsus | Kaljo Kiisk | Jüri Järvet, Vaclovas Bledis, Valeri Nosik, Bronius Babkauskas, Viktor Plyut, Mare Garshnek, Voldemar Panso, Elvyra Zeberviciute, Harijs Liepiņš | Drama | Produced by Tallinnfilm | ||
| Inimesed sõdurisinelis | Jüri Müür | Rudolf Allabert, Arvi Hallik, Kalju Komissarov, Heino Raudsik, Kenno Oja, Rein Juurik, Leonhard Merzin, Hans Kaldoja, Tõnu Mikiver, Kiira Kikerpuu, Peeter Kard, Ivalo Randalu, Evald Aavik, Arne Laos, Uno Vark, Paul Kilgas | Period War Drama | Produced by Tallinnfilm; based on the novel Enn Kalmu kaks mina by Paul Kuusberg | ||
| Libahunt | Leida Laius | Ene Rämmeld, Doris Kareva, Malle Klaassen, Külli Song, Evald Hermaküla, Rein Valter, Arnold Sikkel, Evi Rauer, Elsa Ratassepp, Valter Soosõrv | Drama | (Werewolf) | ||
| Mehed ei nuta | Sulev Nõmmik | Ervin Abel, Kalju Karask, Voldemar Kuslap, Lia Laats, Ants Lauter, Jüri Makarov, Marika Merilo, Sulev Nõmmik | Comedy | |||
| Pimedad aknad | Tõnis Kask | |||||
| Viini postmark | Veljo Käsper | Jüri Järvet, Herta Elviste, Ines Parker, Vladislav Koržets, Alfred Rebane, Fleur Toomla, Paul Ruubel, Einari Koppel, Ervin Abel, Leida Rammo, Mati Klooren, Linda Tubin, Andres Särev | Comedy | |||
| 1969 | ||||||
| Gladiaator | Veljo Käsper | Drama | ||||
| Kevade | Arvo Kruusement | Arno Liiver, Riina Hein, Aare Laanemets, Margus Lepa, Ain Lutsepp Leonhard Merzin, Endel Ani, Kaljo Kiisk, Rein Aedma, Kalle Eomois, Heikki Koort, Ervin Abel | Drama | |||
| Must nagu mina | Tõnis Kask | Ants Lauter and others | ||||
| Viimne reliikvia | Grigori Kromanov | Adventure | ||||
| Uksed | Madis Ojamaa | Helgi Sallo, Uno Loop, Boris Lehtlaan, Heli Lääts, Els Himma, Heidi Tamme, Vello Orumets, Urvi Hirvoja, Milvi Tammik | Documentary | |||
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Baltic Germans are ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, in what today are Estonia and Latvia. Since their resettlement in 1945 after the end of World War II, Baltic Germans have markedly declined as a geographically determined ethnic group in the region.
The Estonian Provincial Assembly or Estonian State Diet, also often called by its Estonian name Maapäev, was elected in May–June 1917 during the Russian Revolution as the provincial parliament (diet) of the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia. On 28 November 1917, after the Bolshevik coup in Russia, the Assembly declared itself the sole sovereign power in Estonia and called for the elections of the Estonian Constituent Assembly. On the eve of the German occupation of Estonia during World War I the council elected the Estonian Salvation Committee and issued the Estonian Declaration of Independence on 24 February 1918.
Ingria is a historical region in what is now northwestern European Russia. It lies along the southeastern shore of the Gulf of Finland, bordered by Lake Ladoga on the Karelian Isthmus in the north and by the River Narva on the border with Estonia in the west. The earliest known indigenous European peoples of the region are the now mostly Eastern Orthodox Izhorians and Votians, as well as the Ingrian Finns who descend from the Lutheran Finnish immigrants who settled in the area in the 17th century, when Finland proper and Ingria were both parts of the Swedish Empire.
Pärnu is the fourth largest city in Estonia and third in terms of the ethnic Estonian population. Situated in southwest Estonia, Pärnu is located 128 kilometres (80 mi) south of the Estonian capital, Tallinn, and 176 kilometres (109 mi) west of Estonia's second largest city, Tartu. The city sits off the coast of Pärnu Bay, an inlet of the Gulf of Riga, which is a part of the Baltic Sea. In the city, the Pärnu River drains into the Gulf of Riga.
The United Baltic Duchy, or alternatively the Grand Duchy of Livonia, was the name proposed during World War I by leaders of the local Baltic German nobility for a new monarchical state that never came into existence. The attempt to establish a new client state of the German Empire on the territory of what is now Latvia and Estonia was made in 1918, during the German occupation of the former Courland, Livonian and Estonian governorates of the Russian Empire which had ceased to exist after the Bolshevik coup in 1917. The unsuccessful proclamation of a pro-German duchy was first made in April 1918, after the Republic of Estonia had already formally declared full independence.
The terms Baltic Sea Region, Baltic Rim countries, and the Baltic Sea countries/states refer to slightly different combinations of countries in the general area surrounding the Baltic Sea, mainly in Northern Europe. The term "Baltic states" refers specifically to one such grouping.
Izborsk is a rural locality (village) in Pechorsky District of Pskov Oblast, Russia. It contains one of the most ancient and impressive fortresses of Western Russia. The village lies 30 kilometers (19 mi) to the west of Pskov and just to the east of the Russian-Estonian border.
Pskov Oblast is a federal subject of Russia, located in the west of the country. Its administrative center is the city of Pskov. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 599,084.
The Governorate of Estonia, also known as the Governorate of Esthonia was a governorate in the Baltic region, along with the Livonian and Courland Governorates. It was a part of the Imperial Russian administration (guberniya), which is located in modern-day northern Estonia and some islands in the West Estonian archipelago, including the islands of Hiiumaa and Vormsi. The Governorate was established in 1796 when Paul I's reform abolished the Viceroyalty (namestnik). Previously, the Reval Governorate existed under Peter I's reign from the Treaty of Nystad, which ceded territory from Sweden to the newly established Russian Empire, until its inexistence in 1783.
The coat of arms of Estonia is a golden shield which includes a picture of three left-facing blue lions with red tongues in the middle, with golden oak branches placed on both sides of the shield. The insignia derive(s) from the coat of arms of Denmark, which ruled northern Estonia in the 13th-14th centuries and parts of western Estonia in the 16th-17th century.
Territorial changes of the Baltic states refers to the redrawing of borders of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia after 1940. The three republics, formerly autonomous regions within the former Russian Empire and before that of former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and as provinces of the Swedish Empire, gained independence in the aftermath of World War I and the Russian Revolution of 1917. After a two-front independence war fought against both Bolshevist Russian and Baltic German nationalist forces, the countries concluded peace and border treaties with Soviet Russia in 1920. However, with World War II and the occupation and annexation of these republics into the Soviet Union twenty years after their independence, certain territorial changes were made in favour of the Russian SFSR. This has been the source of political tensions after they regained their independence with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Some of the disputes remain unresolved.
Cinema of Estonia is the film industry of the Republic of Estonia. The motion pictures have won international awards and each year new Estonian films are seen at film festivals around the globe.
The Autonomous Governorate of Estonia of the Russian state was established as a result of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and ceased to exist prior to Estonia becoming a fully independent country in 1918.
The following is an alphabetical list of articles related to the Republic of Estonia.
These are lists of political office-holders in Estonia.
The Estonia–Russia border is the international border between the Republic of Estonia and the Russian Federation. The border is 294 kilometres (183 mi) long. It emerged during World War I, in 1918, as Estonia declared its independence from the then warring Russian and German Empires. The border goes mostly along the national, administrative and ethnic boundaries that have gradually formed since the 13th century. The exact location of the border was a subject of Estonian–Russian dispute that was resolved with the signing of the Border Agreement, but neither Russia nor Estonia have completed its ratification yet. It is an external border of the European Union.
The House of the Livonian Noble Corporation, also known as Saeima House, is the seat of the parliament of Latvia, the Saeima. It is located in the Vecpilsēta neighbourhood of downtown Riga.
Events from the year 1917 in Russia.
