List of Northern American nectar sources for honey bees

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A honey bee collecting nectar from an apricot flower. Bee in flower.jpg
A honey bee collecting nectar from an apricot flower.

The nectar resource in a given area depends on the kinds of flowering plants present and their blooming periods. Which kinds grow in an area depends on soil texture, soil pH, soil drainage, daily maximum and minimum temperatures, precipitation, extreme minimum winter temperature, and growing degree days. The plants listed below grow in USDA hardiness zone 5. A good predictor for when a plant will bloom and produce nectar is a calculation of the growing degree days. Hopkins' bioclimatic law states that in North America east of the Rockies, a 130-m (400-foot) increase in elevation, a 4° change in latitude North (444.48 km), or a 10° change in longitude East (two-thirds of a time zone) will cause a biological event to occur four days later in the spring or four days earlier in the fall. [1] In botany, the term phenology refers to the timing of flower emergence, sequence of bloom, fruiting, and leaf drop in autumn.

Contents

The classification in major or minor nectar sources is very dependent on the agricultural use of the land. An agricultural crop such as canola or alfalfa may be a major or minor source depending on local plantings. Generally, the more diverse a forage area is, the better for a stationary apiary. Urban, suburban, and uncultivated areas provide more consistent warm-season nectar forage than areas that are heavily cultivated with only a few agricultural crops. The nectar sources from large cultivated fields of blooming apples, cherries, canola, melons, sunflowers, clover, etc. benefit a bee keeper who is willing to travel with his hives throughout the season.

Honeydew sources are not included in this listing.

Trees and shrubs

Flowers, crops, herbs, and grasses

Garden plants to feed honey bees in Canada

See also

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<i>Lotus corniculatus</i> Plant species in the pea family

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Forage (honey bee)</span> Bee foraging

For bees, their forage or food supply consists of nectar and pollen from blooming plants within their flight range. The forage sources for honey bees are an important consideration for beekeepers. In order to determine where to locate hives for maximum honey production and brood one must consider the off-season. If there are no honey flows the bees may have to be fed. Bees that are used for commercial pollination are usually fed in the holding yards. Forage is also significant for pollination management with other bee species. Nectar contains sugars that are the primary source of energy for the bees' wing muscles and for heat for honey bee colonies during the winter. Pollen provides the protein and trace minerals that are mostly fed to the brood in order to replace bees lost in the normal course of their life cycle and colony activity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nectar source</span> Flowering plant that produces nectar

A nectar source is a flowering plant that produces nectar as part of its reproductive strategy. These plants create nectar, which attract pollinating insects and sometimes other animals such as birds.

<i>Trifolium subterraneum</i> Species of legume

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<i>Trichostema lanceolatum</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Uvularia grandiflora</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Elaeagnus commutata</i> North American species of oleaster

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<i>Comarum palustre</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Rosa californica</i> Species of plant

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<i>Lobelia siphilitica</i> Species of flowering plant

Lobelia siphilitica, the great blue lobelia, great lobelia, or blue cardinal flower, is a plant species within the family Campanulaceae. It is an herbaceous perennial dicot native to eastern and central Canada and United States. There are two recognized varieties of Lobelia siphilitica, var. siphilitica and var. ludoviciana. Blooming from August to October, it is short-lived, lasting only for a few years.

<i>Tilia tomentosa</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Ilex coriacea</i> Species of holly

Ilex coriacea, sometimes known as large gallberry or sweet gallberry, is a shrub in the holly family native to coastal areas in the United States from Virginia to Texas. It exists primarily as an understory plant in pine forests, and is sometimes stimulated by regular controlled burnings.

<i>Agastache foeniculum</i> Species of flowering plant

Agastache foeniculum, commonly called anise hyssop, blue giant hyssop, Fragrant giant hyssop, or the lavender giant hyssop, is a species of perennial plant in the mint family, (Lamiaceae). This plant is native to much of north-central and northern North America. It is tolerant of deer and drought, and is visited by many pollinators.

<i>Spiraea alba</i> Species of flowering plant

Spiraea alba, commonly known as meadowsweet, white meadowsweet, narrowleaf meadowsweet, pale bridewort, or pipestem, is native to the wet soils of the Allegheny Mountains and other portions of eastern North America, but is currently endangered in the state of Missouri. It is naturalized in other parts of the world.

<i>Trifolium fragiferum</i> Species of flowering plant in the bean family Fabaceae

Trifolium fragiferum, the strawberry clover, is a herbaceous perennial plant species in the bean family Fabaceae. It is native to Europe, Asia, and parts of Africa. It is present in other places, such as sections of North America, as an introduced species. It is also cultivated as a cover crop and for hay and silage, as green manure, and as a bee plant.

<i>Trifolium fucatum</i> Species of flowering plant in the bean family Fabaceae

Trifolium fucatum is a species of clover known by the common names bull clover and sour clover. It is native to the western United States, where it grows in many types of habitat, becoming common to abundant in some areas. It is an edible species of clover.

Trifolium leibergii is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name Leiberg's clover. It is native to Oregon and Nevada in the United States.

<i>Senega sanguinea</i> Species of flowering plant

Senega sanguinea, commonly known as purple milkwort, field milkwort, or blood milkwort is an annual species of plant in the milkwort family (Polygalaceae). It is native to central and eastern North America.

<i>Trifolium nanum</i> Species of legume

Trifolium nanum, the dwarf clover, is a perennial plant from the family Fabaceae. It was first recorded by Edwin James in 1820. Nanum means, "dwarf," in Latin.

References

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  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Tew, James Some Ohio Nectar and Pollen Producing Plants Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet, 2000 [ dead link ]
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  9. 1 2 "Long Distance Moving Guide | NYC Gardens Near Me & Local Movers Blog". Archived from the original on 2009-11-26.
  10. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Gonolobus laevis". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
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Further reading