Map of Web archiving initiatives worldwide in April 2021
This article contains a list of Web archiving initiatives worldwide. For easier reading, the information is divided in three tables: web archiving initiatives, archived data, and access methods.
This Wikipedia page was originally generated from the results obtained for the research paper A survey on web archiving initiatives[2] published by the Arquivo.pt (the Portuguese web-archive) team.
The End of Term Web Archive captures and saves U.S. Government federal government websites (.gov, .mil, etc) in the Legislative, Executive, or Judicial branches of the government at the end of presidential administrations. Beginning in 2008, the EOT has thus far preserved websites from administration changes in 2008, 2012 and 2016, and is currently gearing up for the 2020 transition. Project partners include CA Digital Library, Internet Archive, Library of Congress, George Washington University, Stanford University, University of North Texas, and the US Government Publishing Office.
Archive.st
United States
2017
Archive.st custom programming provided by US Support LLC
>1
0
Archive.st provides free online web archiving in the form of a .JPG and HTML archive.
Open source solutions and custom programming and scripts
3
4
Arkiwera is a Swedish company that maintains digital archives of websites and social media accounts for an annual fee. It supports automatic collection, replay, full-text search and data exports.
The EU Web Archive compiles the captures of the websites of the European Union institutions, which are hosted on the europa.eu domain and subdomains. Its aim is to preserve EU web content in the long term and to keep it accessible for the public. The archive was created in 2013 by the Historical Archives of the European Union and in 2018, the Publications Office of the EU took over this task and created the EU Web Archive service. The collection of archived websites is covered by the EU Legal Deposit scheme, which collects all the material produced by EU entities in a comprehensive bibliography.
Alabama State Government and Politics Web Site and Social Media Archives[3]
The National Library of Australia leads the 'PANDORA' component of the Australian Web Archive which takes a selective approach and is a collaborative program of 10 agencies providing curatorial input. PANDORA uses the PANDAS workflow system (developed by the NLA in the late 1990s) with HTTrack as the default harvester. The National Library of Australia also conducts bulk harvesting of Australian government (the Australian Government Web Archive) websites using the Heritrix harvester and Webrecorder with a backend infrastructure (referred to as 'Bamboo') to organise content and the NLA developed outbackCDX tool to manage indexing access restrictions for content. In addition to these approaches the National Library also conducts annual harvests of the whole .au domain which is donein collaboration with the Internet Archive using Heritrixand Wayback. In 2019, PANDORA, the Australian Government Web Archive and the whole domain harvests were integrated into a new single discovery and delivery portal through the NLA's Trove discovery service.
The PROMISE project was a two-year project (2017–2019) that explored the policy-related, legal, technical and scientific issues related to archiving the Belgian web. The aim of the project was to a) identify best practices in the field of web-archiving b) develop a strategy for preserving the Belgian web c) set up a pilot for preserving and providing access to the archived Belgian web and d) make recommendations for the implementation of a sustainable web-archiving service. The project was launched by the Royal Library of Belgium[6] and the State Archives of Belgium[7] in collaboration with Ghent University (Research Group for Media, Innovation and Communication[8] and Ghent Centre for Digital Humanities),[9] Université de Namur (Research Centre in Information, Law and Society)[10] and Haute-École Bruxelles-Brabant[11] (Unité de Recherche et de Formation en Sciences de l'Information et de la Documentation). In October 2019 the concluding colloquium 'Saving the web: the promise of a Belgian web archive')[12] took place at KBR. The main research findings were presented during this colloquium.
KBR[14] or the Belgian Royal Library is developing an operational web archive based on the findings of the PROMISE research project[5] (2017–2019). Operational policies and technical infrastructure will be developed based on the strategy outlined in the PROMISE project.
Montana State Library collection of state agency websites dating from 1996 in partial fulfillment of statutory mandate[15] to identify, acquire, describe, and provide permanent public access to state publications. Digitized historic state publications available at https://archive.org/details/MontanaStateLibrary
SaaS solution for periodical website & social media archiving. Provides screenshot archiving of both static and dynamic web pages in a fixed duration which can be customized as per requirements. Helps in regulatory compliances, trend tracking, ad banner verification, version changes.
SaaS solution for website & social media archiving. Provides automatic collection, replay, full-text search and data export of websites, blogs, social media and enterprise collaboration platforms for eDiscovery and regulatory compliance with FDA, FINRA, FSA, SEC, Federal Rules of Evidence, FOIA and records management laws.
Chrome webbrowser plugin and web-based service to collect authenticated, legally-admissible webpages & social media pages for eDiscovery. Web snapshots can be exported in EDRM-XML, WARC, PDF and native HTML. The WebPreserver.com services allow legal teams to organize, tag and collaborate the digital evidence captured with the WebPreserver tool.
In production on French-speaking Wikipedia since 2008, opensource project which optimizes the consumption of inodes and thus fills hard drives. Contains an annotation space for archived documents. Main developer Fabien Coulon doctor du Litis on behalf of Linterweb, hosted by Renater https://gitlab.com/dev_linterweb.
The crawling for the selective web archive is done by the German company oia GmbH. The access is restricted to the reading rooms of the German National Library.
Web archiving in Canada is a legislated activity that is conducted for digital preservation purposes under section 8 (2) of the Library and Archives of Canada Act.[27] Four FTEs and three part-time staff work on the program. Web archiving at Library and Archives Canada[26] is also utilized to effect Legal Deposit.[28]
Web Information Collection and Preservation - WICP (Chinese Web Archive)[29]
The Croatian Web Archive (HAW) is a collection of content harvested from the Internet. In 2004 the Archive started as a concept of selective capturing of web resources. Whole .hr domain harvests have been conducted annually since 2011. as well as thematic/event harvesting for events of national interest. The content of the Archive is publicly available via HAW website. (2 librarians full time, 1 librarian part time, NUL), 2 IT professionals part time (SRCE - University of Zagreb, University Computing Centre)
Czech web archive (Webarchiv) maintained by National Library of the Czech Republic focuses on archiving the Czech national web. Acquisition policy consists of three lines: selective harvests (collection of resources based on selection criteria), topic collections (focused on significant topics in the area of the Czech web) and comprehensive harvests (automatic harvests of content on the national domain). Staff contains 1 manager, 3.5 curators + 1.5 technical staff.
Access/search/discovery frontend and playback: SolrWayback. Still installed Wayback for alternative playback, but planning to migrate to PyWb.
1
5.5 FTE
Since 2005 the collection and preservation of the Danish part of the internet is included in the Danish Legal Deposit Law. The task is undertaken by the Royal Danish Library.
There is no public access to the Danish web archive .The archive is only accessible to researchers affiliated with a Danish research institution who have requested and been granted special permission to use the collection for specific research purposes.
Since 2006 the Legal Deposit Law allows the National Library of Estonia to collect Estonian websites as legal deposit copies. Web harvesting is done and archive is maintained by the National Library of Estonia.
Maintained by the National Library of Finland. Annually, all *.fi domains are harvested, as well as web servers located in Finland. Outside these harvests, the library manually selects relevant websites.
In France, since 2006, the law on copyright and related rights in the information society (known as DADVSI) extended the scope of legal deposit to "signs, signals, writings, images, sounds or messages of any kind " communicated to the public by electronic means - in other words legal deposit of the web. Archiving the French web is a legal commitment, which continues the heritage mission of the BnF. As it is technically impossible to permanently collect all Web content, the goal of completeness from the legal deposit of printed documents has evolved into a sampling approach to create digital collections that show the production and the behaviour of French internet users.
Websites of about 20 cities, municipalities, districts and associated corporations, and state libraries are collected by BSZ in commission within various Archive-It collections. Public access. Data storage: San Francisco (Archive-It) as well as backup with Baden-Wuerttemberg storage infrastructure.
From April 2017 till December 2019 the National Széchényi Library (http://www.oszk.hu) ran a web archiving pilot project as part of its comprehensive IT infrastructure development programme. In 2020 web archiving became a permanent service of the National Széchényi Library. From 2021 on, the legal framework was established and the web archive works according to the modified paragraphs of the cultural law and the corresponding government decree. They run thematic, event-based and domain harvests. They have a small demo collection with metadata and full-text search capabilities. The rest of the archive is not publicly available.
The National Library of Ireland selectively archives Irish websites of scholarly, cultural and political importance through its NLI Selective Web Archive.
National Library of Israel collecting '.IL' domains, 1 Project Manager part time, 1 Technical Leader full time, 1 librarian part time, 1 IT Infrastructure part time
The aim of the project is to collect and to archive digital documents and websites having "cultural interest" for Italian history and culture, according with the principles of the national legal deposit law. The Archive-it Collection is publicly available.
Web Archiving Project (WARP) has been archiving websites since 2002. The National Diet Library Law revised in 2009 and coming into force in April 2010, allows the NDL to archive Japanese official institutions' websites: the government, the Diet, the courts, local governments, independent administrative organizations, and universities. Websites of cultural and international events held in Japan, and those related to online periodicals, are also archived based on the permission of their webmasters.
The National library of Luxembourg conducts quarterly broad crawls for the .lu domain as well as selective and event-based crawls.
The websites that are harvested in the Luxembourg Web Archive enrich the patrimonial collections of the National library, which allows for the preservation of digital publications for future generations.
Webarchive.lu is the Luxembourg Web Archive's information and participation platform.
1 crawl engineer, 1 software developer, and 9 collection specialists, all part-time (equivalent to around 4 full-time). The KB selectively collects Dutch sites of research and cultural value.
National domain harvests have been run since 2008, and annually since 2015 in collaboration with the Internet Archive. Selective harvesting is undertaken by the National Library of New Zealand primarily using the Web Curator Tool. Three full time staff harvest websites and a number of rostered staff harvest HTML serials or HTML monographs. Supported by one dedicated web archiving engineer, and wider departmental ITMS. Digital Preservation issues are handled by staff who work with Rosetta.
Arquivo.pt is a research infrastructure that preserves information gathered from the web since 1996 and provides a public search service over this collection. Arquivo.pt preserves websites in several languages and provides user interfaces in English. The archived data can be automatically processed to perform Big Data research through a distributed processing platform or through Application Programming Interfaces that facilitate the development of added-value applications. The Arquivo.pt team has also contributed with scientific and technical articles related to web archiving published in open-access.
The Web Archive Singapore is managed by the National Library Board, Singapore (NLB). NLB conducts domain and selective archiving of websites with a focus on Singapore content. The collection is viewable at the National Library, Singapore with selected content cleared by copyright owners available online.
The University Library in Bratislava (ULIB) performed the first experiments of webharvesting in 2008–2009. In 2015 ULIB carried into operation a platform for web- and e-Born archiving (during the implementation of the national project "Digital resources", that was supported by the European regional development fund) - www.webdepozit.sk/).
Maintained by the National Library of Spain with the collaboration of regional libraries. Takes a mixed approach of selective and broad harvests. Whole .es domain harvests have been conducted annually since 2009 to 2013 in collaboration with the Internet Archive using Heritrix and Wayback. Since 2014 selective harvests have been made by National Library of Spain, using NetarchiveSuite. National Library = 3 librarians full time, 2 crawl engineers part time. Regional libraries = several librarians part time. Since 26 October 2015 the Legal Deposit Law allows the National Library of Spain and the regional libraries to collect Spanish websites as part of the legal deposit and make them available to the public observing the rules of copyright law.
PADICAT is the open access Web Archive of Catalonia, created by the Biblioteca de Catalunya: the public institution responsible for collecting, preserving and distributing the bibliographic heritage of Catalonia, in Spain.
The Swedish web harvesting project started in 1996 and the first harvest was performed in 1997. In 2002 daily harvests of certain newspaper web sites were added. There was a pause in operation November 2009 - May 2011, but a harvest for 2010 was made with the help of the Internet Archive. No domain harvests were made in 2016, 2018 and 2019 due to problems with the harvesting platform. The daily harvests of newspaper websites were paused between May 2017 and December 2018, but was the expanded to cover all Swedish newspaper web sites on a daily basis. Since April 2013 the National Library of Sweden also receives online material through the Legal Deposit Act for Electronic Material.
Web archiving platform, capture domain name, high performance search engine, Near real time indexing, Web Monitoring tools
>10
Enterprise-grade automatic web archiving platform for online capture and preservation. Support eDiscovery with powerful and qualitative technology.
Aimed to corporations, institutions and agencies seeking to capture, preserve and leverage their Web content; dynamic websites, wikis, social media, forums, comments, disclaimers, and ads, for compliance (FDA, FINRA, FSA, SEC, FOIA), marketing or pure preservation purposes.
The focus of this project is blogs written by any people who have lived abroad. We preserve these blogs and their contents because we recognise their cultural and historical value. Adding a blog archive to our collection will enrich the research opportunities for students and other academics who choose the us as a place of study. The archived blogs will be selected based on very specific criteria and their quality will be checked on a regular basis.
WARC Software Development Kit, Cobalt, Holon web server
The "Web Archiving Bucket" is an initiative launched by Aleph Archives, to preserve data and provide libraries and organizations with free-to-use web archiving tools and components.
The Web Archiving Bucket provides set of tools to help archivists and professionals in their daily work.
2 crawl engineers, 3 persons for quality assurance (sharing less than 1 full time), 1 coordinator. The curators, who do the selection, are partner libraries all over Switzerland.
The UK National Archives' UK Government Web Archive (UKGWA) is a fully open web archive. It includes over 5,000 central government websites and social media taken at regular intervals (1996 to present). The scope of UKGWA is outlined in the OSP27 document. Technical side of web archiving operation is supplied by MirrorWeb.
The UK Parliament Web Archive captures, preserves, and make accessible UK Parliament information published on the web. The web archive includes websites and social media dating from 2009 to the present. The technical side of web archiving operation is supplied by MirrorWeb.
The UK National Archives' EU Exit Web Archive is a fully open web archive. It contains a wide selection of documents taken from EUR-Lex (the European legislation website), including Treaties, legislative documents, the Official Journal of the EU, case law and other supporting materials, and judgements of the European Court of Justice in English, French and German. The collection contains all content published up to the completion of the implementation period, at 11pm GMT on 31 December 2020.[65]
It provides a comprehensive and official UK reference point for EU law as it stood at the end of the implementation period.[65]
The technical side of web archiving operation is supplied by MirrorWeb.
Heritrix, PYWB for public archives, custom replay for archives inside the MirrorWeb platform. Custom social media archiving tools.
40
MirrorWeb provides a website and social media archiving platform for financial services and the public sector entities. They run a range of public archives, two of which include; the UK Government Web Archive and the UK Parliament Web Archive.
Internet Archive's Wayback Machine is the largest and oldest web archive in the world, dating back to 1996. Internet Archive also provide various web archiving services, including Archive-IT, Save Page Now, and domain level contract crawls. The Wayback Machine is the publicly available access service to Internet Archive and partners' collections.
The Columbia University Libraries (CUL) web resources collection program archives selected websites in thematic areas corresponding to existing CUL collection strengths, websites produced by affiliates of Columbia University, and websites from organizations or individuals whose papers or records are held in CUL's physical archives. Began web archiving in 2008.
Harvard Library initiated web archiving activities in 2006 using a self-developed Web Archive Collection Service (WAX) and transitioned to Archive-It in 2017.[74]
Web Archiving Service from California Digital Library (WAS service)[75]
qumram Web Archiving / Web Information Governance Software Suite
Commercial web archiving / web information governance software suite. Provides both remote harvesting as well as transactional web archiving. Allows integrations with any possible web application (WCMS, Portal, Sharepoint, eShop, custom applications) as well as repository (database, file system, electronic archive or records management system, cloud-based solution). Allows capturing and reproduction of public information as well as specific user interactions.
Commercial enterprise content management suite specializes on regulatory compliance. The product provides both harvesting as well as transactional web archiving based on the integration of qumram's[78] Chronos Web Archiving Software Suite. Web content is just another channel from which content is reaching SAPERION. Others may be scanner, fax, e-mail, mobile devices, office suites or any other system creating content like ERP systems.
Current crawling interests: Egypt beyond January 25, Arab League ccTLDs
Deduplication: using WARCrefs tool to deduplicate Web archive content in BA cluster OpenWayback: handling big data indexing by using ZipNumCluster to locate a certain URI in compressed CDX files
The CyberCemetery is an archive of government websites that have ceased operation (usually websites of defunct government agencies and commissions that have issued a final report). This collection features a variety of topics indicative of the broad nature of government information. In particular, this collection features websites that cover topics supporting the university's curriculum and particular program strengths.
The Greek Web Archive Portal is a service provided by the National Library of Greece (NLG). It allows users to navigate through the historical content of the Greek Web, a separate collection of web content that includes snapshots of all .gr domain sites from 1996 up to the present day, harvested by the Internet Archive. The service was developed in collaboration with the Internet Archive and provides search either by keyword or by URL, covering web pages as well as other types of files: images, audio files, videos and PDFs. .
ΕΣΑΕΙ Web Archive – National Archiving System of Greek Web
Greece
2017
Heritrix, Open Wayback, Solr, Netarchive Suite
0
4
The ΕΣΑΕΙ project was the first attempt to harvest all .gr content and get to know its dimensions. It was implemented by the National Library of Greece in collaboration with the Athens University of Economics and Business and it included two bulk and three selective harvests, regarding the collections of "Local Government", "News" and "Education“. NLG Curator Tool was created for the playback of the collection.
Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives at New York University[89]
United States
2007
WAS Service
1
1
Archives websites related to New York City and National Labor and Left Movements. Projects include: Alternative Mass Media / News; Anarchism; Animal Rights; Arts and Cultural Left; Civil Rights and Civil Liberties; Communism, Socialism, Trotskyism; Economic and Social Justice (Including Occupy Wall Street); Education and Student Movements; Electoral Politics and Parties / Political Action (U.S. Left); Environmentalism / Green Movement; Feminism and Women's Movements; Guantanamo Bay Detention Camp & War Crimes (U.S.); Housing; Internet/Cyberspace Democracy; Jewish American Progressive & Left Activity; Labor Unions and Organizations (U.S.); Left Academia and Theory, Intellectuals and Other Notables; LGBT Rights; Other Left Activism; Peace Movements; Prisoners Rights and Political Prisoners; Progressive Policy/ Educational Organizations.
Cloud-based heterogeneous archiving service that allows ingest from multiple sources (including web archiving ingest via Heritrix). Ability to migrate content within WARC files and render in Wayback. Ingest runs as workflow so very little effort needed to run it. Developed, supported and run by Preservica.
Archives interested in keeping websites and creating the thematic collections of such websites, Is presently in storage the Archives collections of websites which includes the topic of presidential elections in Ukraine from 2010 until today, about the Chornobyl disaster, the local elections, of Euro 2012 in Ukraine, UNESCO World Heritage sites in Ukraine, the 200th anniversary of the birth of Taras Shevchenko.[91][92]
Sound and Vision has been involved in web archiving projects since 2008, starting with the EU research project LiWA.[97] After a couple of pilots,[98] web archiving projects were scaled up in 2014.[99]
Rhizome operates a digital preservation program, led by Dragan Espenschied, which is focused on the creation of free, open source software tools to decentralize web archiving and software preservation practices and ensure access to its collections of born-digital art. Oldweb.Today and Webrecorder are its tools focused on web archiving specifically.[100]
University of Texas at Austin Libraries, Human Rights Documentation Initiative
The University of Texas Libraries' Human Rights Documentation Initiative (HRDI) captures the websites of human rights organizations in order to provide secure access to human rights documentation in the event that these often-fragile sites are taken down.[101]
This collection includes captures of websites for Kentucky state agencies in the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Branches. Stand-alone websites for boards, councils, committees, quasi-governmental agencies, and agency programs are also archived. Captures for websites dating 2000–2008 are included in this collection via a transfer to our account from the Wayback Machine.[102]
This collection documents the web presences of UCSF, as well as the larger health science focuses of AIDS history; anesthesiology; biotechnology and biomedical research; tobacco control and regulation; neuroscience; and computational medicine.[103] Staff is one full-time digital archivist with various responsibilities in addition to web-archives.
The Ivy Plus Libraries Confederation's Web Resources Collection Program is a collaborative collection development effort to build curated, thematic collections of freely available, but at-risk, web content in order to support research at participating Libraries and beyond. Participating Libraries are: Brown, Chicago, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Duke, Harvard, Johns Hopkins, MIT, Penn, Princeton, Stanford, and Yale.[104] Collections are accessible via Archive-It.
NLM web collecting is guided by the Collection Development Guidelines of the National Library of Medicine and other strategic collecting efforts. Collections include Global Health Events, the Opioid Epidemic, HIV/AIDS, Health and Medicine Blogs, and NLM's own web presence. [106]
.EU 250 websites in europa.eu domain and subdomains, crawled once per quarter + ad hoc crawls on request of website owners (selective crawls). Status Feb 2019.
Preserves online content related to Tasmania. ODI has operated since its inception under the assumption that web sites fall within the definition of 'Book' in the Tasmanian Library Act 1984.[113] Thus, no permission to capture from publishers is required.
Web archiving at Library and Archives Canada (LAC)[26] began in 2005 and concentrated on collecting the federal government web presence and capturing the federal elections, the Olympics, and Canadian commemorative events. Thematic web collections of Canadiana research interest have been curated as an ongoing program activity since 2009.
Web Information Collection and Preservation - WICP (Chinese Web Archive)[29]
.GOV.CN
Y
Harvest of the web pages about the events that have great influence on the society, economy and so on, and the sites in 'gov.cn' domain.
Croatian Web Archive (Hrvatski arhiv weba - HAW)[30]
Since 2004 selective harvesting over 5000 web resources. Since 2011 annual harvesting of national .hr domain as well as thematic harvesting. All archived content is publicly available via HAW website.
Archive consists selective, event and topical crawls since 2010. Whole national domain crawls are done yearly since 2015. Besides TLD .ee, Estonia related web content is harvested from other TLD-s like .eu, .org, .com etc.
BnF is making copies[34] of all sites in the .FRTLD, as well as all sites hosted and produced in France, ignoring both the Robots exclusion standard and the licenses of the documents.
DAFF handles full content deduplication, so the size on disk takes into account compression and deduplication; the equivalent disk storage in compressed ARC format would be approximately 10 PB
DAFF handles full content deduplication, so the size on disk takes into account compression and deduplication; the equivalent disk storage in compressed ARC format would be approximately 51 TB
Formerly European Archive.[115] Collaborate with Internet Memory Research, which provides the ArchiveTheNet Service (ATN Service). Selective crawls (140 TB), Domain crawls (40 TB), expect to grow to 1PB in 2012. New datacenter and a new crawler in 2012.
Websites of about 20 cities, municipalities, districts + their associated corporations, and state libraries are collected by BSZ in commission within various Archive-It collections. Public access. Data storage: San Francisco (Archive-It) as well as backup with Baden-Wuerttemberg storage infrastructure.
German Federal Parliament. Selective. At regular intervals or at certain events are snapshots (snapshots) of www.bundestag.de and other web presences of the German Bundestag made. These are available in the web archive to date available.
as of March 2023 15 TB of selective crawls based on permission (2002–2010). Started the web archiving of official institution sites based on the legislation from April 2010.
National Library of Korea - OASIS (Online Archiving & Searching Internet Resource)[42]
24
Y
Requires consent before archiving. Targets 56,401 Websites. Web archiving is managed under Digital resource management systems. In 2011 web archiving system will be rebuilt.
.PT domain crawls and integration of external collections since 2007 and daily crawls of a selection of online publications of since 2010. Selective crawls related to national events such as elections or international content related to science such as websites about Research & Development projects funded by the European Union.
Harvesting of the Slovak web started in 2015. Since then ULB has performed six (2016 - 2021) full-domain harvests (harvesting of the national .SK domain), multiple selective crawls and thematic crawls (topic centered and event devoted campaigns).
Domain .ES crawls (2009–2013): 2.421 million files (111 TB) in collaboration with Internet Archive. Selective crawls (2014–2015): 119 mil files (6 TB). About 30 news media sites crawled every day. Not launched publicly yet.
In accordance with the general trend, the archive model is a hybrid system consisting: Mass compilation of open-access digital resources published on the Internet (.cat); Systematic archiving of the web site output of Catalan organizations; Fostering of lines of research through themed integration of the digital resources pertaining to specific events in Catalan public life (elections, museums, etc.)
Enterprise-grade automatic web archiving platform for online capture and preservation. Support eDiscovery with powerful and qualitative technology.
Aimed to corporations, institutions and agencies seeking to capture, preserve and leverage their Web content; dynamic websites, wikis, social media, forums, comments, disclaimers, and ads, for compliance (FDA, FINRA, FSA, SEC, FOIA), marketing or pure preservation purposes.
Selective crawls with previous permission. Now also conducting wholesale UK domain-scale crawls under Non-Print Legal Deposit legislation, enacted April 2013. This content will only be available on premises controlled by one of the six legal deposit libraries. The UKWA is a spin-off from the UK Web Archiving Consortium that ended in 2007.
Commercial web archiving services and appliances, for government and corporations whose compliance or legal obligations / needs extend to their websites, intranet, and social media. Many 'dark' archives across Europe and USA.
Between 2003 - 2005 the Internet Archive undertook the technical side of web archiving on behalf of The UK Government Web Archive. Between 2005 - July 2017 the technical side of the web archiving service was contracted out to the Internet Memory Foundation. From July 2017 MirrorWeb took over the contract and moved the entire archive to the cloud. The UK Government Web Archive was part of the UK Web Archiving Consortium from 2004 - 2009.
Provides the Archive-it service and leads the Archive-access project (Internet Archive ARC access tools). Collection is mirrored at Bibliotheca of Alexandrina in Egypt.
Columbia University Libraries Web Resources Collection Program[68]
Selective crawls with permission or notification. Thematic collections in: Human rights; New York City built environment; New York City religions; Resistance. Also capture Columbia University web domain.
North Carolina State Government Web Site Archives[69]
University administration, faculty and student sites; as well as selective captures on San Antonio and South Texas subject areas, including San Antonio organizations; San Antonio Online Journals and Blogs; Tejano and Conjunto music; Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer Related Web sites in Texas, San Antonio and the Rio Grande Valley; Immigration/Borderlands; Mexican Cooking Blogs; San Antonio Restaurants; Renewable Energy in Texas; Rio Grande Valley Organizations; and Rio Grande Watershed and Texas Water Issues .
The amount of data crawled from the domain aueb.gr ranges between 10GB and 14.9GB . The data is stored on disk compressed and requires between 8.8GB and 9.7GB, resulting in space savings between 12% and 35%. In the case of new crawl, we can only store on disk the Web pages that change since the previous crawl. Consequently, we crawled 13.1GB from the domain aueb.gr, but we only stored on disk 1.6GB, resulting in space savings of 88%.
Among other av-heritage, Sound and Vision is tasked with archiving programmes broadcast by Dutch Public Broadcasters. Therefore, an important part of the web archive consists of websites of public broadcaster related to these programmes. Furthermore, websites are archived that do not have a direct link to the collection, but that are of interest in a broader, media-historical way.[99] Examples are websites of commercial broadcasters.
Selected sites are publicly available through a directory structure. Domain harvests are not. The PANDORA Archive is indexed and searchable through the NLA's single search service Trove.[122] The Australian Domain Harvests are full-text indexed but are not currently publicly available. The Australian Government Web Archive is searchable by URL and full-text indexes through its portal.
Presents thumbnails generated through Html To Image supplemented in HTTrack. Information is organized in directory: A-Z Subject listing, A-Z Title listing.
Possible to search online for versions either by URL or in (partial) fulltext. The websites are only accessible on special terminals at the Austrian National Library. Has bookmarking feature which allows to save versions online and recall them at the library webarchive terminals.
Metadata are publicly available, for the archived versions provides free or restricted access depending on the right holders agreement. Full-text search is implemented in the new version (online since February 2015).
Library and Archives Canada[26] makes its federal government web archives (materials under Crown Copyright) publicly accessible. Indices are available for discovering Canadian federal web resources alphabetically by authoring organization and by URL. Full text indexing is based on Lucene.
Web Information Collection and Preservation - WICP (Chinese Web Archive)[29]
Y
No
Archive content is only available in intranet in National Library of China. Some collections are publicly available, with meta-data search and browsable by collection.
Croatian Web Archive (Hrvatski arhiv weba - HAW)[30]
Due to copyright restrictions, only a limited number of archived websites for which agreements were signed with the publishers is available online. For other resources you can find out whether a given website was archived and the number of harvested versions. Unlimited access to all resources in Webarchiv is available from public terminals in the National Library.
Online access granted only to researchers through a Citrix login to free text search based on Solr and a proxy solution that accesses an archive through the Wayback. It has established a framework for running batch jobs with the possibility of data mining.
Public access to archived content is allowed only with a permission of the copyright owner. Full archive is accessible merely to the web archive personnel.
Accessible to authorized users through the reading rooms of the BnF Research Library located in Paris and Avignon and in partner libraries in regions and overseas territories. Wayback was customized and interface was translated to French. Full Text search only available on specific collections (i.e. news, Covid-19, the early French web). Builds special collection galleries based on a selection from the archive on a given topic.
Full text indexing is based on Lucene. To accommodate results from frequent crawls (several crawls per hour for some pages) clustering is operated to handle similar versions of pages
1381 sites are currently crawled to build an archive on migrants usage of the web, social studies researchers have launched a long run project based on this archive Ina is handling crawls and storage
Domain harvests: available to selected staff using Pywb and limited to URL searches. Selective harvests: each website is described in the catalogue (providing subject, author, title and URL searches) and can be viewed by the public via the Internet by clicking on the link to the archived copy. A small subset of the selective harvests are accessible using full-text search.
Plans to develop a search engine in the future. One bad characteristic of HTTrack is that it renames files during the archiving, so the original structure of the website is lost, as well file names.
The collection is viewable at the National Library, Singapore with selected content cleared by copyright owners available online.
Digital Resources (University Library in Bratislava)[129]
Y
Y
N
No
It is possible to find out whether a website was archived and how many harvested versions exist. Due to the copyright restrictions only a limited number of archived websites is publicly available (based on agreements with publishers). The access to other archived resources is available locally in the University Library in Bratislava.
The archive of selective crawls is publicly accessible. Use is possible by browsing and full-text search. National domain crawls are not accessible yet but will be in the future.
Enterprise-grade automatic web archiving platform for online capture and preservation. Support eDiscovery with powerful and qualitative technology.
Aimed to corporations, institutions and agencies seeking to capture, preserve and leverage their Web content; dynamic websites, wikis, social media, forums, comments, disclaimers, and ads, for compliance (FDA, FINRA, FSA, SEC, FOIA), marketing or pure preservation purposes.
Web Archive Switzerland is the collection of the Swiss National Library containing websites with a bearing on Switzerland. Web Archive Switzerland has been integrated in e-Helvetica,[130] the access system of the Swiss National Library, giving access to the entire digital collection. So you can do full text searching of a part of the Web Archive. But the archived versions of websites can only be viewed in the reading rooms of the Swiss National Library and of our partner libraries who help us build the collection of Swiss websites. But you can view the metadata of the archived versions from anywhere.
Enterprise Class On Demand service to archive and replay websites, blogs, Ajax, Flash, video, audio & social media for litigation protection, eDiscovery and regulatory compliance with FDA, FINRA, FSA, SEC, SOX, Federal Rules of Evidence and records management laws. Used by government agencies and public listed corporations in Pharmaceutical, Food, Finance, Healthcare and Retail industry.
Commercial web archiving services and appliances. Access includes full-text search, annotations, redaction, URL/History, archive policy and temporal browsing, and configurable metadata schema for advanced e-discovery applications. Used in government and corporations whose compliance or legal obligations / needs extend to their websites, intranet, and social media. Many 'dark' archives across Europe and USA.
URL history is available for all archived data. Meta-data and full-text search only for selected crawls. Until 2002 had a mining platform for research composed by Alexa Shell Perl Tools
av_tools and p2 platform for parallel processing.[133] It was replaced by a simpler access and direct method that enables automatic access to files but no platform for processing.[134]
Access provided via LCWA. Records in MODS (Metadata Object Descriptive Schema) format.
Harvard University Library: the Web Archive Collection Service (WAX)[120]
Y
Y
Y
No
Web Archiving Service from California Digital Library (WAS service)[75]
Y
Y
Y
No
Access for private study, scholarship and research. Most archives built with WAS have not yet been published because it is up to the partners to decide if they want to provide access. There are 16 partners using the service and they have created over 80 web archives, only 30 are publicly accessible. NutchWAX performance did not permit full archive search. Upcoming transition to SOLR will permit both full archive and collection-specific full text search.
Bentley Historical Library (University of Michigan) Web Archives[76]
Y
Y
Y
No
Powered by the WAS from the California Digital Library.[136] Access is public but usage is restricted for private study, scholarship and research.
University of Texas at San Antonio Web Archives[77]
Y
Y
Y
Native
Accessible through Archive-it service[137] and the Texas Archival Repositories Online database[138]
URL history provided via open access to collection via standard web browser. Full text search is only available within each individual site. Search on metadata is available via advanced search within Web Archives collection.
Selected sites for which agreements have been made are publicly available.[96] Full text indexing is done with Elasticsearch, the front-end is built in Drupal.
Washington University in St. Louis (WashU) is a private research university in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1853, the university is named after George Washington, the first president of the United States.
The United States National Agricultural Library (NAL) is one of the world's largest agricultural research libraries, and serves as a national library of the United States and as the library of the United States Department of Agriculture. Located in Beltsville, Maryland, it is one of five national libraries of the United States. It is also the coordinator for the Agriculture Network Information Center (AgNIC), a national network of state land-grant institutions and coordinator for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) field libraries.
Open Library is an online project intended to create "one web page for every book ever published". Created by Aaron Swartz, Brewster Kahle, Alexis Rossi, Anand Chitipothu, and Rebecca Malamud, Open Library is a project of the Internet Archive, a nonprofit organization. It has been funded in part by grants from the California State Library and the Kahle/Austin Foundation. Open Library provides online digital copies in multiple formats, created from images of many public domain, out-of-print, and in-print books.
The Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC) is a high performance computing and networking center founded in 1986 and one of the original five NSF Supercomputing Centers. PSC is a joint effort of Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.
OpenCourseWare (OCW) are course lessons created at universities and published for free via the Internet. OCW projects first appeared in the late 1990s, and after gaining traction in Europe and then the United States have become a worldwide means of delivering educational content.
John Maeda is a Vice President of Design and Artificial Intelligence at Microsoft. He is an American technologist and designer whose work explores where business, design, and technology merge to make space for the "humanist technologist."
The alcohol laws of the United States regarding minimum age for purchase have changed over time. In colonial America, generally speaking, there were no drinking ages, and alcohol consumption by young teenagers was common, even in taverns. In post-Revolutionary America, such freedom gradually reduced due to religious sentiments and a growing recognition in the medical community about the dangers of alcohol. The more modern history is given in the table below. Unless otherwise noted, if different alcohol categories have different minimum purchase ages, the age listed below is set at the lowest age given. In addition, the purchase age is not necessarily the same as the minimum age for consumption of alcoholic beverages, although they have often been the same.
A metadata standard is a requirement which is intended to establish a common understanding of the meaning or semantics of the data, to ensure correct and proper use and interpretation of the data by its owners and users. To achieve this common understanding, a number of characteristics, or attributes of the data have to be defined, also known as metadata.
The Handle System is the Corporation for National Research Initiatives's proprietary registry assigning persistent identifiers, or handles, to information resources, and for resolving "those handles into the information necessary to locate, access, and otherwise make use of the resources".
David Huebner is an international arbitrator based in Southern California. He previously served as the United States Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa. He was the first openly gay ambassador in the Obama administration and the third openly gay ambassador in United States history. His tenure was marked by significant improvement in bilateral relations, with commentators observing that relations are stronger and closer than they have been in decades. Called an “excellent public face for the United States,” he has been widely praised as a successful Ambassador including for his accessible, inclusive approach, his emphasis on students and future leaders, and the innovative restructuring of his Embassies around social media and other nontraditional tools and approaches of diplomacy. Before being appointed Ambassador he worked as an international lawyer in Los Angeles, Shanghai, and New York City, specializing in international arbitration and mediation. He is licensed as an attorney in California, New York, and in the District of Columbia, and as a solicitor in England and Wales.
The International Internet Preservation Consortium is an international organization of libraries and other organizations established to coordinate efforts to preserve internet content for the future. It was founded in July 2003 by 12 participating institutions, and had grown to 35 members by January 2010. As of January 2022, there are 52 members.
DataONE is a network of interoperable data repositories facilitating data sharing, data discovery, and open science. Originally supported by $21.2 million in funding from the US National Science Foundation as one of the initial DataNet programs in 2009, funding was renewed in 2014 through 2020 with an additional $15 million. DataONE helps preserve, access, use, and reuse of multi-discipline scientific data through the construction of primary cyberinfrastructure and an education and outreach program. DataONE provides scientific data archiving for ecological and environmental data produced by scientists. DataONE's goal is to preserve and provide access to multi-scale, multi-discipline, and multi-national data. Users include scientists, ecosystem managers, policy makers, students, educators, librarians, and the public.
Covenant University(CU) is a private Christian university in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. It is affiliated with Living Faith Church Worldwide and is a member of the Association of Commonwealth Universities, Association of African Universities, and National Universities Commission. In 2019, Covenant University became the first Nigerian university to be ranked in the top 401-500 category of world universities by Times Higher Education.
Jonathan Mayer is an American computer scientist and lawyer. He is an Assistant Professor of Computer Science and Public Affairs at Princeton University affiliated with the Center for Information Technology Policy, and was previously a PhD student in computer science at Stanford University and a fellow at the Center for Internet and Society and the Center for International Security and Cooperation. During his graduate studies he was a consultant at the California Department of Justice.
↑ Daniel Gomes; João Miranda; Miguel Costa (25–29 September 2011). "A survey on web archiving initiatives". International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries 2011. Springer. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
1 2 3 Government Documents Department, University of North Texas Libraries, State of Texas (2009-02-02). "University of North Texas CyberCemetery". unt.edu. Retrieved 2013-11-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) (2 February 2023). "Arquivo.pt in numbers". Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). Retrieved 2 February 2023.
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