List of adjectivals and demonyms for former regions

The following is a list of adjectival forms of former regions in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these former regions.

Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the final 's' or, in the case of -ese endings, are the same as the plural forms. The ending -men has feminine equivalent -women (e.g. an Irishman and a Scotswoman). The French terminations -ois / ais serve as both the singular and plural masculine; adding 'e' (-oise / aise) makes them singular feminine; 'es' (-oises / aises) makes them plural feminine. The Spanish termination "-o" usually denotes the masculine and is normally changed to feminine by dropping the "-o" and adding "-a". The plural forms are usually "-os" and "-as" respectively.

Adjectives ending -ish can be used as collective demonyms (e.g. the English, the Cornish). So can those ending in -ch / -tch (e.g. the French, the Dutch) provided they are pronounced with a 'ch' sound (e.g. the adjective Czech does not qualify).

Where an adjective is a link, the link is to the language or dialect of the same name. (Reference: Ethnologue, Languages of the World)

Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other things, sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words. (Sometimes, the use of one or more additional words is optional.) Notable examples are cheeses, cat breeds, dog breeds, and horse breeds. (See List of words derived from toponyms.)

Where an adjective is a link, the link is to the language or dialect of the same name. (Reference: Ethnologue, Languages of the World)

Name	Adjective	Demonym
			colloquial
Abyssinia	Abyssinian [1]	Abyssinians
Acadia	Acadian [1]	Acadians
Akkadia	Akkadian	Akkadians
Aksum, Axum	Aksumite, Axumite	Aksumites, Axumites
Artsakh	Artsakhi	Artsakhis
Austria-Hungary	Austro-Hungarian	Austro-Hungarians, Austrians, Hungarians
Aztec Empire	Aztec	Aztecs
Babylonia	Babylonian	Babylonians
Bessarabia	Bessarabian	Bessarabians
Biafra	Biafran	Biafrans
Bophuthatswana	Bophuthatswanan	Bophuthatswanans
Burma	Burmese	Burmesea
Byzantium	Byzantine	Byzantines
Carthage	Carthaginian	Carthaginians
Ceylon	Ceylonese [2]	Ceylonese
Ciskei	Ciskeian	Ciskeians
Comancheria	Comanche	Comanche, Comanches
Confederate States of America	Confederate, CSA	Confederates	"Rebels", "Rebs"
Couto Misto	Couto Mixtan	Couto Mixtans
Czechoslovakia	Czechoslovak, Czechb (Czechoslovakian is incorrect, though frequent)	Czechoslovaks, Czechs, Slovaks
Dahomey	Dahomeyan	Dahomeyans
Dalmatia	Dalmatian	Dalmatians
Eastern Nigeria	Easterner	Easterners
Elam	Elamite, Elamitic, Elamitish	Elamites
Etruria	Etrurian, Etruscan [3]	Etruscans
Formosa	Formosan	Formosans
Hunnic Empire	Hunnic, Hunnish	Huns
Inca Empire	Inca, Incan	Incas
Kampuchea	Kampuchean	Kampucheans
Katanga	Katangese	Katangese
Kush	Kushite	Kushites
Livonia	Livonian	Livonians, Livs
Manchuria	Manchurian	Manchurians
Malaya	Malay, Malayan	Malays, Malayans
Moldavia	Moldavian	Moldavians
Muscovy, Moscovia	Muscovite, Moscovian	Muscovites
Neutral Moresnet	Moresnetic	Moresnetters
New Hebrides	New Hebridean	New Hebrideans
Nyasaland	Nyasa	Nyasa, Nyasas
Ottoman Empire	Ottoman	Ottomans
Panama Canal Zone	Canal Zone	Zonians
Papal States	Papal	Papalini
Parthia	Parthian	Parthians
Phoenicia	Phoenician	Phoenicians
Pomerania	Pomeranian	Pomeranians
Prussia	Prussian	Prussians
Rhodesia	Rhodesian	Rhodesians
Ruthenia	Ruthenian, Ruthene	Ruthenians, Ruthenes, East Slavs
Rome	Roman	Romans
Siam	Siamese	Siamese
Sonargaon	Sonargaiya	Sonargaiyas
Sudetenland	Sudetes	Sudetenlanders
Sumer	Sumerian	Sumerians
Soviet Union	Soviet, Russian c	Soviets, Russiansc
Swabia	Swabian	Swabians
Tanganyika	Tanganyikan	Tanganyikans
Tartary, Tartaria	Tartar, Tartarian	Tatars, Tartars
Taurida, Tavria	Tauridian
Transkei	Transkeian	Transkeians
Transvaal	Transvaaler	Transvaalers
Transylvania	Transylvanian	Transylvanians
Trucial States	Trucial	Trucials
Two Sicilies	Duosicilian	Regnicoli
Ubangi-Shari	Ubangi-Sharian	Ubangi-Sharians
Upper Volta	Upper Voltan	Upper Voltans
Van Diemen's Land	Van Diemonian	Vandemonian
Venda	Vendan	Vendans
Wallachia	Wallachian	Wallachians
Yugoslavia	Yugoslav	Yugoslavs	"Yugos" (Derogatory, Cold War Vintage)
Zaire	Zairean	Zaireans
Zululand	Zulu	Zulu, Zulus
a   Burma is also known as Myanmar. b  "Czech" is technically incorrect here, as it is also used to distinguish Czech people from Slovaks or other ethnic groups. c  "Russian" is technically incorrect here, as the Russian SFSR was one of several Soviet Republics.

See also

• Geography portal
• History portal

• Demonym
  • List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for astronomical bodies
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for continental regions
      • List of adjectivals and demonyms for subcontinental regions
    • List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations
      • List of adjectivals and demonyms for Australia
      • List of adjectivals and demonyms for Canada
      • List of adjectivals and demonyms for India
      • List of adjectivals and demonyms for Malaysia
      • List of adjectivals and demonyms for Mexico
      • List of adjectivals and demonyms for New Zealand
      • List of adjectivals and demonyms for the Philippines
      • List of adjectivals and demonyms for the United States
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for cities
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for former regions
      • List of adjectivals and demonyms for Greco-Roman antiquity
    • List of adjectivals and demonyms for fictional regions

References

1. Dickson, Paul (2006). Labels for locals. London: Collins. p. 2. ISBN   0-0608-8164-X.
2. Dickson, Paul (2006). Labels for locals. London: Collins. p. 211. ISBN   0-0608-8164-X.
3. Caselli, Giovanni (2022). Etruria and the origins of the Etruscans. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. x. ISBN   978-1-5275-8474-7.