List of aqueducts in the city of Rome

Last updated

This is a list of ancient Roman aqueducts in the city of Rome.

Contents

The eleven ancient aqueducts of Rome Aquae planrome.PNG
The eleven ancient aqueducts of Rome
Route of the aqueducts outside of Rome Aquae planlatium.jpg
Route of the aqueducts outside of Rome

Introduction

In order to meet the water needs of its population, the city of Rome was eventually supplied with 11 aqueducts by 226 AD[ citation needed ], which were some of the city's greatest engineering achievements[ citation needed ]. Estimates of total water supplied in a day by all aqueducts vary from 520,000 m3 (140,000,000 US gal) to 1,127,220 m3 (297,780,000 US gal) [1] : 156-7  [2] : 347 , mostly sourced from the Aniene river and the Apennine Mountains [ citation needed ], serving a million citizens[ citation needed ]. Most of our information about Roman aqueducts come from statistics compiled in the late 1st century AD by Sextus Julius Frontinus, the Curator Aquarum [1] : 152 .

These estimates may not have considered water loss. Modern engineers have questioned the validity of these figures and measured Anio Novus limestone deposits to estimate the average wetted perimeter and surface roughness corresponding to only 2/3 of the flow figure given below. [3]

Aqueducts in the (ancient) city Rome
NameYear begunYear completedLength
(km) [2] : 347 		Height at
source (m)		Height in
Rome (m)		Average gradient
(%) [2] : 347 		Capacity
(m³ a day) [4] [2] : 347 		Quality
Aqua Appia 312 BC [5] : 23 1630200.0673,000
Aqua Anio Vetus 272 BC269 BC [5] : 29 64280480.36175,920
Aqua Marcia 144 BC140 BC [5] : 67 91318590.27187,600
Aqua Tepula 125 BC [5] : 147 18151610.517,800
Aqua Julia 40 BC [6] : 406 33 BC [5] : 157 23350641.2448,240
Aqua Virgo 19 BC [5] : 167 2124200.02100,160
Aqua Alsietina 2 BC [5] : 179 33209170.615,680Considered the worst in quality, and used as drinkable source only when other supplies were unavailable [2] : 169 .
Aqua Anio Novus 38 AD [7] : 150 52 AD [7] : 150 87400700.38189,520Considered after Alsietina the worst in quality [2] : 169 .
Aqua Claudia 38 AD52 AD [5] : 187 69320670.38184,220
Aqua Traiana 109 AD [5] : 331 58--0.38113,920
Aqua Alexandrina 226 AD [5] : 341 22-500.121,160

See also

References

  1. 1 2 David Deming. "The Aqueducts and Water Supply of Ancient Rome". Groundwater. 58 (1). doi:10.1111/gwat.12958. PMC   7004096 .
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hodge, Trevor A. Roman Aqueducts & Water Supply. 61 Frith Street, London WlD 3JL: Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd. ISBN   0-7156-3171-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  3. ↑ Sturgeon, Clair; Shidlauski, Kristina (2015). "Illinois team solves ancient Roman water supply mystery". CEE. Fall 2015. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign: 24.
  4. ↑ Frontinus (1925). Aqueducts of Rome. Translated by Bennett, C. E.; McElwain, Mary B. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Van Deman, E. Boise (1934). The building of the Roman aqueducts. Washington, D.C: Carnegie Institution of Washington.
  6. ↑ Evans, Harry B. (1982). "Agrippa's water plan" . American Journal of Archaeology. 86 (3). doi:10.2307/504429.
  7. 1 2 Smith, William; Wayte, William; Marindin, G. D., eds. (1890). "Aquaeductus". A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. Vol. 1. Albemarie St.: John Murray.

Commons-logo.svg Media related to Ancient Roman aqueducts in Rome at Wikimedia Commons

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.