The following list sorts all cities and communes in the German state of Thuringia with a population of more than 10,000. [1] As of December 31, 2017, 33 cities fulfill this criterion and are listed here. This list refers only to the population of individual municipalities within their defined limits, which does not include other municipalities or suburban areas within urban agglomerations.
The following table lists the 33 cities and communes in Thuringia with a population of at least 10,000 on December 31, 2017, as estimated by the Federal Statistical Office of Germany. [2] A city is displayed in bold if it is a state or federal capital.
2017 Rank | City | district | 2017 estimate | 2011 Census | 2017 land area | 2017 pop. density |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Erfurt | urban district | 212,988 | 200,868 | 270 km² | 789.1/km² |
2 | Jena | urban district | 111,099 | 105,739 | 115 km² | 968.1/km² |
3 | Gera | urban district | 94,859 | 96,067 | 152 km² | 623.3/km² |
4 | Weimar | urban district | 64,426 | 62,764 | 84.5 km² | 762.6/km² |
5 | Gotha | Gotha (district) | 45,589 | 44,322 | 69.6 km² | 655.2/km² |
6 | Eisenach | urban district | 42,710 | 41,753 | 104 km² | 410.0/km² |
7 | Nordhausen | Nordhausen (district) | 42,014 | 42,473 | 106 km² | 397.8/km² |
8 | Suhl | urban district | 35,166 | 36,960 | 103 km² | 341.3/km² |
9 | Mühlhausen/Thüringen | Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis | 33,127 | 33,473 | 86.7 km² | 381.9/km² |
10 | Altenburg | Altenburger Land | 32,374 | 34,090 | 45.7 km² | 708.6/km² |
11 | Ilmenau | Ilm-Kreis | 25,975 | 25,975 | 62.7 km² | 414.1/km² |
12 | Saalfeld/Saale | Saalfeld-Rudolstadt | 24,789 | 25,532 | 48.7 km² | 508.7/km² |
13 | Arnstadt | Ilm-Kreis | 24,409 | 23,787 | 55.1 km² | 443.2/km² |
14 | Sonneberg | Sonneberg (district) | 23,756 | 21,970 | 84.7 km² | 280.5/km² |
15 | Rudolstadt | Saalfeld-Rudolstadt | 22,560 | 23,067 | 55.4 km² | 407.1/km² |
16 | Apolda | Weimarer Land | 22,163 | 22,079 | 46.3 km² | 479.0/km² |
17 | Sondershausen | Kyffhäuserkreis | 21,768 | 22,541 | 201 km² | 108.2/km² |
18 | Meiningen | Schmalkalden-Meiningen | 21,126 | 20,889 | 59.5 km² | 355.3/km² |
19 | Greiz | Greiz (district) | 20,517 | 22,175 | 76.4 km² | 268.4/km² |
20 | Schmalkalden | Schmalkalden-Meiningen | 19,265 | 19,515 | 98.3 km² | 196.0/km² |
21 | Sömmerda | Sömmerda (district) | 18,856 | 19,378 | 81.1 km² | 232.5/km² |
22 | Leinefelde-Worbis | Eichsfeld (district) | 18,457 | 18,695 | 96.9 km² | 190.5/km² |
23 | Bad Langensalza | Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis | 17,305 | 17,837 | 124 km² | 139.9/km² |
24 | Heilbad Heiligenstadt | Eichsfeld (district) | 16,976 | 16,324 | 62.3 km² | 272.7/km² |
25 | Zeulenroda-Triebes | Greiz (district) | 16,594 | 17,685 | 135 km² | 122.8/km² |
26 | Bad Salzungen | Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis | 15,497 | 15,680 | 39.0 km² | 397.0/km² |
27 | Waltershausen | Gotha (district) | 13,024 | 13,268 | 60.6 km² | 214.8/km² |
28 | Pößneck | Saale-Orla-Kreis | 11,981 | 12,445 | 24.4 km² | 490.4/km² |
29 | Hildburghausen | Hildburghausen (district) | 11,761 | 11,775 | 72.9 km² | 161.3/km² |
30 | Schmölln | Altenburger Land | 11,040 | 11,705 | 41.6 km² | 265.3/km² |
31 | Eisenberg | Saale-Holzland-Kreis | 10,842 | 10,619 | 24.7 km² | 439.5/km² |
32 | Zella-Mehlis | Schmalkalden-Meiningen | 10,532 | 11,139 | 28.1 km² | 375.2/km² |
33 | Meuselwitz | Altenburger Land | 10,118 | 10,964 | 53.7 km² | 188.6/km² |
The demography of Germany is monitored by the Statistisches Bundesamt. According to the most recent data, Germany's population is 83,222,442 making it the most populous country in the European Union, and the nineteenth-most populous country in the world. The total fertility rate was rated at 1.53 in 2020, which is far below the replacement rate of 2.1. For a long time Germany had one of the world's lowest fertility rates of around 1.3 to 1.4 however there has been a small increase in recent years. Due to the low birth rate there have been more death than births in Germany in every year since 1972, which means 2020 was the 49th consecutive year the German population would have decreased without immigration. It is the only country in the world to have such a long-term natural population decline. The decline has been somewhat mitigated by immigration: in 2019 the number of people with a foreign background was 26%. Under this category there are counted foreigners, naturalized citizens, ethnic German repatriates from east Europe and their children. Until the early 20th century Germany was also a large emigrant nation with 5 million people emigrating to the US alone from Germany in the Kaiserreich boundaries in the 19th century and more than two million in the 20th century plus additional emigrants to Latin America, Canada and eastern Europe. However after World War II immigration began to outweigh emigration, as around 14 million ethnic Germans were expelled from the former eastern Provinces of the Reich and other areas in eastern Europe of whom around 12 million made their way to present day Germany and several hundred thousand to Austria and other countries while several hundred thousand died. Some additional 4.5 million ethnic Germans from eastern Europe repatriated after 1950, especially around the end of the Eastern Bloc and mostly from the former Soviet Union, Poland and Romania. Large scale immigration to the BRD began during the time of the Wirtschaftswunder from the 1950s to early 1970s when Germany had a shortage of workers and let in Southern Europeans from countries like Turkey, Italy and Spain on a temporary basis as guest workers. The liberalisation of guest worker legislation allowed many to stay and build a life in the BRD. Another large wave of immigration happened around reunification when a large group of German repatriates but also many refugees arrived mostly from former Yugoslavia due to the Yugoslav War and Bosnian War and from Turkey seeking asylum in Germany. The next large immigration wave began after eastern Expansion of the European Union in 2011 as Eastern Europeans were now allowed to live and work in Germany without a visa. In 2015 Germany took in what was, in EU terms, a relatively large number of refugees fleeing the Syrian civil war but also other conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan: 476,649 asylum seekers in 2015, 745,545 in 2016 and declining numbers after that.
Thuringia, officially the Free State of Thuringia, is a state of Germany. Located in central Germany, it covers 16,171 square kilometres (6,244 sq mi), being the sixth smallest of the sixteen German States. It has a population of about 2.1 million.
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