This is a list of diseases of grapes (Vitis spp.).
This is a list of diseases of grapes (Vitis spp.).
| Bacterial diseases | |
|---|---|
| Happy Disease (bacterial necrosis) | Xylophilus ampelinus = Xanthomonas ampelina |
| Crown gall | Agrobacterium tumefaciens |
| Pierce's Disease (PD) | Xylella fastidiosa |
| Bacterial inflorescence rot [1] | Pseudomonas syringae |
| Fungal diseases | |
|---|---|
| Alternaria rot | Alternaria alternata |
| Angular leaf scorch | Pseudopezicula tetraspora Contents |
| Angular leaf spot | Mycosphaerella angulata |
| Anthracnose and bird's-eye rot | Elsinoë ampelina |
| Armillaria root rot (shoestring root rot) | Armillaria mellea |
| Aspergillus rot | Aspergillus niger |
| Black rot of grapes | Guignardia bidwellii |
| Botrytis (Grey Rot or Noble Rot) | Botrytis cinerea |
| Bot canker | Lasiodiplodia theobromae Botryosphaeria rhodina (anamorph) |
| Ripe rot [2] | Colletotrichum acutatum species complex [3]
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex [5]
|
| Miscellaneous diseases and disorders | |
|---|---|
| Berry rot | Yeasts |
| Black measles | Presumably toxins from wood-rotting fungi; see Wood rot (decay) |
| Chlorosis | Iron deficiency |
| Esca (Apoplexy) | Presumably toxins from wood-rotting fungi; see Wood rot (decay) |
| Fasciation | Genetic disorder |
| Little leaf | Zinc deficiency |
| Oxidant stipple | Ozone |
| Rupestris speckle | Physiological disorder |
| Stem necrosis (water berry, grape peduncle necrosis) | Physiological disorder |
| Nematodes, parasitic | |
|---|---|
| Citrus | |
| Dagger, American | |
| Dagger | Xiphinema spp. |
| Lesion | |
| Needle | Longidorus spp. |
| Pin | |
| Reniform | Rotylenchulus spp. |
| Ring | |
| Root-knot | Meloidogyne arenaria |
| Spiral | Helicotylenchus spp. |
| Stubby-root | |
| Stunt | Tylenchorhynchus spp. |
| Virus and viruslike diseases | |
|---|---|
| Alfalfa mosaic | Alfalfa mosaic virus |
| Arabis mosaic | Arabis mosaic virus |
| Artichoke Italian latent | Artichoke Italian latent virus |
| Asteroid mosaic | Undetermined, viruslike |
| Bois noir/black wood disease | Candidatus Phytoplasma solani |
| Bratislava mosaic | Bratislava mosaic virus |
| Broad bean wilt | Broad bean wilt virus |
| Corky bark | Grapevine virus B |
| Enation | Undetermined, viruslike |
| Fanleaf degeneration (infectious degeneration and decline) | Grapevine fanleaf virus |
| Flavescence dorée | MLO |
| Fleck (Marbrure) | Undetermined, viruslike |
| Grapevine Bulgarian latent | Grapevine Bulgarian latent virus |
| Grapevine chrome mosaic | Grapevine chrome mosaic virus |
| Grapevine red blotch | Grapevine red blotch-associated virus |
| Grapevine yellows | phytoplasma |
| Leafroll | Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (Closteroviridae) |
| Peach rosette mosaic virus decline | Peach rosette mosaic virus |
| Petunia asteroid mosaic | Petunia asteroid mosaic virus |
| Raspberry ringspot | Raspberry ringspot virus |
| Rupestris stem pitting | Undetermined, viruslike |
| Shoot necrosis | Undetermined, viruslike |
| Sowbane mosaic | Sowbane mosaic virus |
| Strawberry latent ringspot | Strawberry latent ringspot virus |
| Tobacco mosaic | Tobacco mosaic virus |
| Tobacco necrosis | Tobacco necrosis virus |
| Tobacco ringspot virus decline | Tobacco ringspot virus |
| Tomato black ring | Tomato black ring virus |
| Tomato ringspot virus decline | Tomato ringspot virus |
| Vein mosaic | Undetermined, viruslike |
| Yellow speckle | Viroid |
Vitis vinifera, the common grape vine, is a species of flowering plant, native to the Mediterranean region, Central Europe, and southwestern Asia, from Morocco and Portugal north to southern Germany and east to northern Iran. There are currently between 5,000 and 10,000 varieties of Vitis vinifera grapes though only a few are of commercial significance for wine and table grape production.
Colletotrichum acutatum is a plant pathogen and endophyte. It is the organism that causes the most destructive fungal disease, anthracnose, of lupin species worldwide. It also causes the disease postbloom fruit drop on many varieties of citrus, especially Valencia and navel oranges in Florida.
Colletotrichum coccodes is a plant pathogen, which causes anthracnose on tomato and black dot disease of potato. Fungi survive on crop debris and disease emergence is favored by warm temperatures and wet weather.
Glomerella cingulata is a fungal plant pathogen, being the name of the sexual stage (teleomorph) while the more commonly referred to asexual stage (anamorph) is called Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. For most of this article the pathogen will be referred to as C. gloeosporioides. This pathogen is a significant problem worldwide, causing anthracnose and fruit rotting diseases on hundreds of economically important hosts.
Vitis (grapevine) is a genus of 79 accepted species of vining plants in the flowering plant family Vitaceae. The genus is made up of species predominantly from the Northern Hemisphere. It is economically important as the source of grapes, both for direct consumption of the fruit and for fermentation to produce wine. The study and cultivation of grapevines is called viticulture.
Colletotrichum is a genus of fungi that are symbionts to plants as endophytes or phytopathogens. Many of the species in this genus are plant pathogens, but some species may have a mutualistic relationship with hosts.
Coniella is a fungus genus in the family Schizoparmeaceae, which contains 65 species recorded in the database Mycobank. This genus Coniella are reported as a typical plant pathogenic fungi for grape, eucalyptus and several plant. It mainly found in Europe, Asian, also South Africa. less report in American, only one paper published new spaces founded.
Phaeomoniella is a genus of hyphomycete fungi in the family Celotheliaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Pedro Crous and Walter Gams in 2000 to contain the type species, P. chlamydospora, the causal agent of Petro grapevine decline, a disesase in the esca disease complex. Phaeomoniella is similar to Phaeoacremonium, differing in cultural characteristics, and in the morphology of the conidiophores and conidia.
Ross Ewen Beever was a New Zealand geneticist and mycologist.
Cladosporium cladosporioides is a darkly pigmented mold that occurs world-wide on a wide range of materials both outdoors and indoors. It is one of the most common fungi in outdoor air where its spores are important in seasonal allergic disease. While this species rarely causes invasive disease in animals, it is an important agent of plant disease, attacking both the leaves and fruits of many plants. This species produces asexual spores in delicate, branched chains that break apart readily and drift in the air. It is able to grow under low water conditions and at very low temperatures.
Glomerellales is an order of ascomycetous fungi within the subclass Hypocreomycetidae (Sordariomycetes). The order includes saprobes, endophytes and pathogens on plants, animals and other fungi with representatives found all over the world in varying habitats.
Glomerellaceae is a monotypic family of fungi in the class Sordariomycetes that contains only one genus, Colletotrichum.
Hemibiotrophs are the spectrum of plant pathogens, including bacteria, oomycete and a group of plant pathogenic fungi that keep its host alive while establishing itself within the host tissue, taking up the nutrients with brief biotrophic-like phase. It then, in later stages of infection switches to a necrotrophic life-style, where it rampantly kills the host cells, deriving its nutrients from the dead tissues.
Colletotrichum fioriniae is a fungal plant pathogen and endophyte of fruits and foliage of many broadleaved plants worldwide. It causes diseases on agriculturally important crops, including anthracnose of strawberry, ripe rot of grapes, bitter rot of apple, anthracnose of peach, and anthracnose of blueberry. Its ecological role in the natural environment is less well understood, other than it is a common leaf endophyte of many temperate trees and shrubs and in some cases may function as an entomopathogen.
Bitter rot of apple is a fungal disease of apple fruit that is caused by several species in the Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complexes. It is identified by sunken circular lesions with conical intrusions into the apple flesh that appear V-shaped when the apple is cut in half through the center of the lesion. It is one of the most devastating diseases of apple fruit in regions with warm wet weather.
The 2020 table grape harvest was worth $2.12 billion while wine grapes brought in $1.7 billion, down 15.3% year-on-year. By weight this was 17% lower versus 2018. The next year, 2021 saw a much better yield. From 829,000 acres (335,000 ha) viniculturists got 6.94 short tons per acre (15.6 t/ha) for a total harvest of 5,755,000 short tons (5,221,000 t). At an average of $909 per short ton ($1,002/t) they were paid $5,229,902,000 for the season. Of that, 4,844,600 short tons (4,394,900 t) were for destined for processing industries and at $835 per short ton ($920/t) that was worth $4,046,382,000. The fresh harvest was 910,400 short tons (825,900 t) and selling at a price of $1,300 per short ton ($1,433/t), this sector was worth $1,183,520,000 for the season.
