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Castor is the second-brightest object in the zodiac constellation of Gemini. It has the Bayer designation α Geminorum, which is Latinised to Alpha Geminorum and abbreviated Alpha Gem or α Gem. With an apparent visual magnitude of 1.93, it is one of the brightest stars in the night sky. Castor appears singular to the naked eye, but it is actually a sextuple star system organized into three binary pairs. Although it is the 'α' (alpha) member of the constellation, it is fainter than 'β' (beta) Geminorum, Pollux.
Delta Arietis, officially named Botein, is a star in the northern constellation of Aries, 1.8 degrees north of the ecliptic. The apparent visual magnitude is 4.35, so it is visible to the naked eye. It has an annual parallax shift of 19.22 mas; corresponding to a distance of about 170 ly (52 pc) from the Sun.
Epsilon Sagittarii, formally named Kaus Australis, is a binary star system in the southern zodiac constellation of Sagittarius. The apparent visual magnitude of +1.85 makes it the brightest object in Sagittarius. Based upon parallax measurements, this star is around 143 light-years from the Sun.
Sigma Sagittarii, Latinized from σ Sagittarii; formally named Nunki, is the second-brightest star in the constellation of Sagittarius. It has an apparent magnitude of +2.05, making it readily visible to the naked eye. The distance to this star, determined using parallax measurements from the Hipparcos astrometry satellite, yields a value of approximately 228 light-years from the Sun.
Lambda Sagittarii, formally named Kaus Borealis, is a star in the southern constellation of Sagittarius. The star marks the top of the Archer's bow.
Pi Sagittarii is a triple star system in the zodiac constellation of Sagittarius. It has an apparent visual magnitude of +2.89, bright enough to be readily seen with the naked eye. Based upon parallax measurements, it is roughly 510 light-years from the Sun.
Epsilon Aquarii, Latinized from ε Aquarii, is a single star in the equatorial zodiac constellation of Aquarius, located near the western constellation border with Capricornus. It has the proper name Albali, now formally recognized by the IAU. This is a white-hued star that is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 3.77. Based upon parallax measurements taken during the Hipparcos mission, it is located at a distance of approximately 208 light-years (64 pc) from the Sun with an absolute magnitude of −0.46. The star is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −15 km/s.
Delta Sagittarii, formally named Kaus Media, is a double star in the southern zodiac constellation of Sagittarius. The apparent visual magnitude of this star is +2.70, making it easily visible to the naked eye. Parallax measurements place the distance at roughly 348 light-years from the Sun.
Zeta Sagittarii is a triple star system and the third-brightest star in the constellation of Sagittarius after Kaus Australis and Nunki. Based upon parallax measurements, it is about 88 light-years from the Sun.
Gamma² Sagittarii, formally named Alnasl, is a 3rd-magnitude star in the zodiac constellation of Sagittarius. The location of this star is in the handle of the Bow of Sagittarius the Centaur. Based on parallax measurements obtained during the Hipparcos mission, it is approximately 96.9 light-years from the Sun. It has an apparent visual magnitude of +2.98, making it the seventh-brightest star in the constellation.
Eta Sagittarii is a binary star system in the southern zodiac constellation of Sagittarius. Based upon parallax measurements, it is located at a distance of 146 light-years from Earth. In India, where part of the constellation of Sagittarius represents an Elephant, this star forms the creature's tail.
Phi Sagittarii, Latinized from φ Sagittarii, is a star in the southern constellation of Sagittarius. With an apparent visual magnitude of 3.17, it is the ninth-brightest star in the constellation and is readily visible to the naked eye. Parallax measurements place it at a distance of roughly 239 light-years from the Earth. It is receding with a radial velocity of +21.5 km/s.
Zeta Aquarii is the Bayer designation for a triple star system, the central star of the "water jar" asterism in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. The combined apparent visual magnitude of this system is 3.65, which is readily visible to the naked eye. Parallax measurements yield a distance estimate of around 92 light-years from Earth.
Pi Aquarii, Latinized from π Aquarii, is the Bayer designation for a binary star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. This system has an apparent visual magnitude of a mean apparent magnitude of +4.57. Based upon parallax measurements, it is located at a distance of roughly 780 light-years from Earth. It is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +4 km/s.
Theta Aquilae is a binary star in the constellation Aquila. The combined apparent visual magnitude of the pair is 3.26, making it the fourth-brightest member of the constellation. In Chinese, it has the traditional name Tseen Foo, from the Chinese 天桴, which could mean "heavenly raft" or "heavenly ridgepole"; it might also mean "heavenly drumsticks", with Altair, Beta Aquilae and Gamma Aquilae being the drum. This distance to this star can be determined through the parallax technique, yielding an estimate of roughly 286 light-years from Earth.
Gamma Boötis, Latinised from γ Boötis, is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Boötes the herdsman, forming the left shoulder of this asterism. The primary component has the proper name Seginus, the traditional name of the Gamma Bootis system. It has a white hue and is visible to the naked eye with a typical apparent visual magnitude of +3.03. Based on parallax measurements obtained during the Hipparcos mission, it is located at a distance of approximately 85 light-years from the Sun, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −32 km/s.
Alpha Corvi, also named Alchiba, is an F-type main-sequence star and the fifth-brightest star in the constellation of Corvus. Based on parallax measurements made during the Hipparcos mission, it is approximately 49 light-years from the Sun.
Epsilon Delphini, officially named Aldulfin, is a solitary, blue-white hued star in the northern constellation of Delphinus. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.03. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 9.87 mas as seen from the Earth, the system is located about 330 light-years from the Sun. At Epsilon Delphini's distance, the visual magnitude is diminished by an extinction factor of 0.11 due to interstellar dust. The star is moving closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −19 km/s.
References
- ESA (1997). "The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues" . Retrieved 2006-12-26.
- Kostjuk, N. D. (2002). "HD-DM-GC-HR-HIP-Bayer-Flamsteed Cross Index" . Retrieved 2006-12-26.
- Roman, N. G. (1987). "Identification of a Constellation from a Position" . Retrieved 2006-12-26.
- Gould, B. A. "Uranometria Argentina". Reprinted and updated by Pilcher, F. Archived from the original on 2012-02-27. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
- "Naming Stars" . Retrieved 13 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Knobel, E. B. (June 1895). "On a Catalogue of Stars in the Calendarium of Mohammad Al Achsasi Al Mouakket". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 55 (8): 435. Bibcode:1895MNRAS..55..429K. doi: 10.1093/mnras/55.8.429 .
- 1 2 3 4 Star Name - R.H. Allen p.359
- ↑ Ian Ridpath's Startales - Sagittarius the Archer