List of the Cenozoic life of North Dakota

This list of the Cenozoic life of North Dakota contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of North Dakota and are between 66 million and 10,000 years of age.

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• Acer
• † Acrovena – type locality for genus
  • † Acrovena laevis – type locality for species
• † Actinodonta
• † Adjidaumo ^[1]
  • † Adjidaumo minimus ^[1]
  • † Adjidaumo minutus ^[1]
• † Aesculus
  • † Aesculus hickeyi – type locality for species
• † Agnotocastor ^[1]
  • † Agnotocastor praetereadens ^[1]
• † Aletodon
  • † Aletodon quadravus

• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Late Cretaceous-Oligocene Alligator relative Allognathosuchus

  † Allognathosuchus – type locality for genus
  • † Allognathosuchus mlynarskii – type locality for species
• † Altasciurus ^[1]
  • † Altasciurus leonardi – type locality for species ^[1]
• † Alveugena
  • † Alveugena carbonensis
• † Amersinia
  • † Amersinia FU082 informal
  • † Amersinia FU82 informal
• † Amesoneuron
  • † Amesoneuron FU037 informal
• Amia
  • † Amia fragosa
  • † Amia uintaensis
• † Ampelopsis
  • † Ampelopsis acerifolia
• † Amphicaenopus
  • † Amphicaenopus platycephalus
• † Ankylodon – or unidentified comparable form
• † Apternodus
• † Archaeocyon
  • † Archaeocyon leptodus

• 

  Life restoration of the Eocene-Oligocene entelodont mammal Archaeotherium

  † Archaeotherium
  • † Archaeotherium mortoni
• † Arctocyon
• † Ardynomys
  • † Ardynomys saskatchewensis
• † Averrhoites
  • † Averrhoites affinis
• † Axestemys
  • † Axestemys montinsana
• Azolla
  • † Azolla montana
  • † Azolla stanleyi – type locality for species
• † Azollopsis
  • † Azollopsis tomentosa

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• † Bathycyathus
  • † Bathycyathus lloydi – type locality for species
• † Batrachosauroides
  • † Batrachosauroides gotoi – type locality for species
• † Beringiaphyllum – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
  • † Beringiaphyllum cupanioides
• † Bessoecetor
  • † Bessoecetor septentrionalis
• Betula
  • † Betula hesterna – type locality for species
• † Bisonalveus
  • † Bisonalveus holtzmani
• † Borealosuchus
  • † Borealosuchus formidabilis – type locality for species
• † Boremys
• † Bothriodon

• 

  Restorative portrait of the Miocene oreodont mammal Brachycrus

  † Brachycrus
• † Browniea
  • † Browniea serrata

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• † Cabomba
  • † Cabomba inermis
• † Calamagras
  • † Calamagras weigeli
• † Canariophyllum – type locality for genus
  • † Canariophyllum ampla – type locality for species
• Canticocculus
• † Cantius
  • † Cantius frugivorus
• † Carpites
  • † Carpites verrucosus
• † Carpodaptes
  • † Carpodaptes hazelae – or unidentified comparable form
  • † Carpodaptes hobackensis – or unidentified comparable form
• † Carpolithes
  • † Carpolithes arcticus
  • † Carpolithes bryangosus – type locality for species
  • † Carpolithes lunatus – type locality for species

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  A living Carya , or hickory tree

  Carya
  • † Carya antiquorum
• † Cedromus ^[1]
  • † Cedromus wardi ^[1]
• Celtis
  • † Celtis aspera
• † Centetodon
  • † Centetodon chadronensis
  • † Centetodon magnus
  • † Centetodon marginalis
• † Centimanomys
• † Ceratophyllum
  • † Ceratophyllum FU080 informal
• Cercidiphyllum
  • † Cercidiphyllum arcticum
  • † Cercidiphyllum articum
  • † Cercidiphyllum ellipticum
  • † Cercidiphyllum genetrix
• † Chaetoptelea
  • † Chaetoptelea microphylla

• 

  Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous-Eocene choristoderan reptile Champsosaurus

  † Champsosaurus
  • † Champsosaurus gigas – type locality for species
  • † Champsosaurus tenuis – type locality for species
• † Chrysotriton – type locality for genus
  • † Chrysotriton tiheni – type locality for species
• Cocculus
  • † Cocculus flabella
• † Coniophis
• † Conoryctella
  • † Conoryctella dragonensis – or unidentified comparable form
• † Cornophyllum
  • † Cornophyllum newberryi
• Cornus
  • † Cornus hyperborea
• † Corylus
  • † Corylus acutertiaria – type locality for species
  • † Corylus FU079 informal
  • † Corylus insignis

• 

  Life restoration of the Paleocene-Eocene pantodont mammal Coryphodon . Heinrich Harder (1920).

  † Coryphodon
  • † Coryphodon armatus – or unidentified comparable form
• † Cotradechites – type locality for genus
  • † Cotradechites lithinus – type locality for species
• † Credneria
  • † Credneria daturaefolia – tentative report
• † Cupressinocladus
  • † Cupressinocladus interruptus
• Cyclocarya
  • † Cyclocarya brownii
• † Cylindrodon
  • † Cylindrodon collinus
• † Cyperacites
• † Cypressaurus

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• † Dakotornis – type locality for genus
  • † Dakotornis cooperi – type locality for species

• 

  Life restoration of the Eocene-Miocene bear dog Daphoenus

  † Daphoenus
• † Davidia
  • † Davidia antiqua
• † Dennstaedtia
  • † Dennstaedtia americana
• † Diacocherus
  • † Diacocherus minutus
• † Diacodexis – tentative report

• 

  Restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene hornless rhinoceros Diceratherium . Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913).

  † Diceratherium
  • † Diceratherium tridactylum
• Dicotylophyllum
  • † Dicotylophyllum anomalum
  • † Dicotylophyllum hamameloides – type locality for species
  • † Dicotylophyllum hebronensis – type locality for species
  • † Dicotylophyllum mercerensis – type locality for species
  • † Dicotylophyllum oblongatum – type locality for species
• † Didelphodus – or unidentified comparable form
• † Didymictis

• 

  Life restoration of the Eocene-Miocene false saber-toothed cat Dinictis . Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913).

  † Dinictis
• † Dissacus
• † Dombeya
  • † Dombeya novimundi – type locality for species
• † Domnina
  • † Domnina sagittariensis – type locality for species
  • † Domnina thompsoni – or unidentified comparable form
• † Dorraletes
  • † Dorraletes diminutivus
• † Douglassciurus
  • † Douglassciurus jeffersoni
• † Drepanochilus – tentative report

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• 

  Fossilized shell of the Eocene turtle Echmatemys

  † Echmatemys
  • † Echmatemys testudinea
• † Ectocion
  • † Ectocion collinus
• † Ectypodus
  • † Ectypodus hazeni
  • † Ectypodus lovei
• † Elliptio
  • † Elliptio priscus
• † Elomeryx
  • † Elomeryx armatus
• † Entomolestes
• † Equisetum
  • † Equisetum FU036 informal
  • † Equisetum magnum – type locality for species
• † Eucommia
  • † Eucommia serrata
• † Eumys ^[1]
  • † Eumys brachyodus ^[1]
  • † Eumys elegans
  • † Eumys lammersi – type locality for species ^[1]
• † Eutypomys
  • † Eutypomys hibernodus – type locality for species
  • † Eutypomys parvus

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• 

  A living Ficus , or fig tree

  Ficus
  • † Ficus subtruncata
• † Fokieniopsis
  • † Fokieniopsis catenulata
• † Fraxinus
  • † Fraxinus eocenica

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• Ginkgo

  • 

    Restored foliage of the Late Cretaceous-Miocene ginkgo tree Ginkgo adiantoides

    † Ginkgo adiantoides
• Glyptostrobus
  • † Glyptostrobus europaeus
  • † Glyptostrobus nordenskioldi
• † Gomphaeschna
  • † Gomphaeschna schrankii – type locality for species

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• † Harmsia
  • † Harmsia hydrocotyloidea
• † Heliscomys ^[1]
  • † Heliscomys borealis – type locality for species ^[1]
  • † Heliscomys medius – or unidentified comparable form ^[1]
  • † Heliscomys senex ^[1]
  • † Heliscomys vetus – or unidentified comparable form
• † Helodermoides
• Hemitelia
  • † Hemitelia magna
• † Herpetotherium
  • † Herpetotherium fugax – or unidentified comparable form
  • † Herpetotherium valens

• 

  Life restoration of the Eocene-Oligocene dog Hesperocyon . Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913).

  † Hesperocyon
  • † Hesperocyon gregarius
• † Hesperopetes ^[1]
  • † Hesperopetes blacki – or unidentified comparable form ^[1]
• † Homogalax
  • † Homogalax aureus – type locality for species
• † Hydromystria
  • † Hydromystria expansa
• † Hyopsodus
  • † Hyopsodus loomisi
• † Hypertragulus
• † Hyracodon

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• † Ignacius
  • † Ignacius frugivorus

• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Eocene-Oligocene rodent Ischyromys

  † Ischyromys ^[1]
  • † Ischyromys junctus
  • † Ischyromys typus ^[1]
  • † Ischyromys veterior – or unidentified comparable form
• † Isoetites
  • † Isoetites horridus

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• † Joffrichthys
  • † Joffrichthys triangulpterus – type locality for species
• Juglans
  • † Juglans taurina

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• 

  Flowers of a living Kalmia shrub

  † Kalmia – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
  • † Kalmia elliptica
• † Kirkomys ^[1]

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• † Labidolemur
  • † Labidolemur soricoides
• † Lemnaceae
  • † Lemnaceae scutatum

• 

  Illustration of a living Lepisosteus , or gar

  Lepisosteus
  • † Lepisosteus occidentalis
• † Leptacodon
  • † Leptacodon tener
• † Leptauchenia
  • † Leptauchenia decora
• † Leptictis
  • † Leptictis acutidens – or unidentified comparable form
  • † Leptictis dakotensis
• † Leptodontomys
  • † Leptodontomys douglassi

• 

  Life restoration of the Eocene-Oligocene even-toed ungulate Leptomeryx

  † Leptomeryx
  • † Leptomeryx evansi
  • † Leptomeryx yoderi – or unidentified comparable form
• † Litocherus
  • † Litocherus zygeus
• † Lophiparamys
  • † Lophiparamys murinus – or unidentified comparable form
• Lygodium
  • † Lygodium kaulfussi

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• Marchantia
  • † Marchantia pealei
  • † Marchantia pealii
• † Megalagus
  • † Megalagus brachyodon – or unidentified comparable form

• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene ground sloth Megalonyx

  † Megalonyx
  • † Megalonyx jeffersonii
• † Meliosma
  • † Meliosma longifolia
• † Meliosoma
  • † Meliosoma rostellata
• † Menispermites
  • † Menispermites parvareolatus – type locality for species
• † Merychyus
• † Merycochoerus
• † Merycoidodon
  • † Merycoidodon bullatus
  • † Merycoidodon culbertsoni
  • † Merycoidodon major
• † Mesodma
  • † Mesodma pygmaea
• † Mesohippus
  • † Mesohippus bairdi
  • † Mesohippus propinquus – or unidentified comparable form
  • † Mesohippus westoni – or unidentified comparable form

• 

  Restoration of the Eocene-Miocene swamp rhinoceros Metamynodon . Charles R. Knight (1896).

  † Metamynodon
• † Metaparamys
  • † Metaparamys dawsonae – or unidentified comparable form
• Metasequoia
  • † Metasequoia occidentalis
• † Miacis
• † Microcosmodon
• † Microparamys – or unidentified comparable form ^[1]
• † Micropternodus
  • † Micropternodus borealis – or unidentified comparable form
• † Microsyops
  • † Microsyops angustidens
• † Mimetodon
  • † Mimetodon silberlingi
• † Miniochoerus
  • † Miniochoerus starkensis – type locality for species
• † Miohippus
  • † Miohippus obliquidens
• † Musophyllum
  • † Musophyllum complicatum

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• † Nannodectes
• † Nanotragulus
• † Nelumbago
  • † Nelumbago montanum
• † Nelumbium

• 

  A living Nelumbo lotus

  † Nelumbo
  • † Nelumbo aureavallis – type locality for species
  • † Nelumbo FU062 informal
  • † Nelumbo FU085 informal
  • † Nelumbo FU62 informal
• † Neoplagiaulax
  • † Neoplagiaulax hunteri
  • † Neoplagiaulax mckennai
  • † Neoplagiaulax nanophus
• † Nephrops
  • † Nephrops buntingi – type locality for species
• † Nordenskioldia
  • † Nordenskioldia borealis
• † Notomorpha
  • † Notomorpha garmanii

• 

  Anatomy of a de-shelled Nototeredo shipworm

  † Nototeredo
  • † Nototeredo globosa
• † Nyssa
  • † Nyssa alata
• † Nyssidium
  • † Nyssidium arcticum
  • † Nyssidium articum

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• † Ogmophis
  • † Ogmophis compactus
• † Oligoryctes
  • † Oligoryctes altitalonidus
  • † Oligoryctes cameronensis – or unidentified comparable form
• † Oligoscalops
  • † Oligoscalops galbreathi
• † Oligotheriomys ^[1]

• • † Oligotheriomys magnus ^[1]
  • † Oligotheriomys primus – type locality for species
• † Onoclea
  • † Onoclea hesperia

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  Fossil of the Permian-modern crustacean burrow ichnogenus Ophiomorpha

  † Ophiomorpha
  • † Ophiomorpha nodosa
• † Oreithyia
  • † Oreithyia oaklandi
• † Osbornodon
  • † Osbornodon renjiei – type locality for species
• † Osmunda
  • † Osmunda macrophylla
• † Oxyacodon
  • † Oxyacodon priscilla

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• † Palaeanodon – tentative report
• † Palaeocarpinus

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  Restoration of the Oligocene rabbit relative Palaeolagus

  † Palaeolagus
  • † Palaeolagus haydeni
  • † Palaeolagus temnodon – or unidentified comparable form
• † Palaeophytocrene
• † Palaeopsammia
  • † Palaeopsammia zitteli – type locality for species
• † Palaeoryctes
  • † Palaeoryctes punctatus – or unidentified comparable form
• † Palaeosinopa
• † Palaeoxantusia – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
  • † Palaeoxantusia borealis
• † Paleotomus
  • † Paleotomus senior – or unidentified comparable form
• † Palmacites
• † Paradjidaumo ^[1]
  • † Paradjidaumo hansonorum – or unidentified comparable form
  • † Paradjidaumo trilophus ^[1]
• † Paramys
  • † Paramys excavatus – or unidentified comparable form
• † Paranymphaea
  • † Paranymphaea crassifolia
• † Pararyctes
  • † Pararyctes pattersoni
• † Parataxodium – or unidentified comparable form
• † Paraternstroemia – type locality for genus
  • † Paraternstroemia hyphovenosa – type locality for species
• † Parectypodus
  • † Parectypodus lunatus
• † Peltosaurus – or unidentified comparable form
• † Penosphyllum
  • † Penosphyllum cordatum
• † Peradectes
  • † Peradectes elegans
• † Persites – type locality for genus
  • † Persites argutus – type locality for species

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  Life restoration of the Paleocene-Eocene ungulate Phenacodus . Charles R. Knight (1898).

  † Phenacodus
  • † Phenacodus grangeri
  • † Phenacodus magnus
• † Phyllites
  • † Phyllites demoresi
  • † Phyllites disturbans
• † Piceoerpeton
  • † Piceoerpeton willwoodense
• Pinus
  • † Pinus peregrinus – type locality for species
• † Pipestoneomys
• † Planatus
  • † Planatus raynoldsi
• † Plastomenus
• Platanus
  • † Platanus nobilis
  • † Platanus raynoldsi
  • † Platanus raynoldsii
• Platycarya
  • † Platycarya americana

• 

  Life restoration of the Paleocene-Eocene primate Plesiadapis

  † Plesiadapis
  • † Plesiadapis anceps
  • † Plesiadapis churchilli – or unidentified comparable form
  • † Plesiadapis fodinatus – or unidentified comparable form
  • † Plesiadapis rex
• † Poebrotherium
  • † Poebrotherium wilsoni
• Populus
  • † Populus nebrascensis
• † Prochetodon
  • † Prochetodon foxi
• † Prodiacodon
  • † Prodiacodon tauricinerei – or unidentified comparable form
• † Prolapsus
• † Propalaeosinopa
  • † Propalaeosinopa albertensis
• † Prosciurus ^[1]
  • † Prosciurus albiclivus – type locality for species
  • † Prosciurus hogansoni – type locality for species ^[1]
  • † Prosciurus vetustus
• † Protictis
  • † Protictis microlestes – or unidentified comparable form
  • † Protictis paralus – type locality for species

• 

  Life restoration of a female (left) and male of the Oligocene-Miocene even-toed ungulate Protoceras . Charles R. Knight (1896).

  † Protoceras – tentative report
• † Protochelydra
  • † Protochelydra zangerli
• † Protophyllum
  • † Protophyllum semotum – type locality for species
• † Protungulatum
• † Pseudocylindrodon
  • † Pseudocylindrodon silvaticus
• † Psidium – tentative report
• Pterocarya
  • † Pterocarya hispida
• † Pterospermites
  • † Pterospermites cordata

• 

  Illustration of a fossilized skull of the Paleocene multituberculate mammal Ptilodus

  † Ptilodus
  • † Ptilodus kummae
  • † Ptilodus montanus
  • † Ptilodus wyomingensis

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• † Queironius – type locality for genus
  • † Queironius praelapsus – type locality for species

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  A living Quercus , or oak tree

  Quercus
  • † Quercus macneili
  • † Quercus sullyi
  • † Quercus yulensis
• † Quereuxia
  • † Quereuxia angulata

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• † Reithroparamys

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  A living Rhineura floridana , or North American worm lizard

  Rhineura – or unidentified comparable form

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• Sagittaria
  • † Sagittaria megasperma
• † Salvinia
  • † Salvinia aureovallis – type locality for species
  • † Salvinia preauriculata

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  Fossilized skeleton of the Eocene monitor lizard Saniwa

  † Saniwa
  • † Saniwa edura – type locality for species
  • † Saniwa ensidens – or unidentified comparable form
• † Sauropithecoides – type locality for genus
  • † Sauropithecoides charisticus – type locality for species
• † Scapherpeton
• † Selaginella
  • † Selaginella collieri
• † Simoedosaurus
  • † Simoedosaurus dakotensis – type locality for species
• † Sinclairella
• † Sparganium
  • † Sparganium antiquum
  • † Sparganium parvum – type locality for species
  • † Sparganium stygium
• † Spathorhynchus – or unidentified comparable form
• † Stibarus
  • † Stibarus montanus
• † Stillingia
  • † Stillingia casca – type locality for species

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  Life restoration of the Eocene-Oligocene cow-sized rhinoceros Subhyracodon . Charles R. Knight (1890s).

  † Subhyracodon
  • † Subhyracodon occidentalis

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• Taxodium
  • † Taxodium olrikii

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  Fossilized mandible of the Eocene primate Teilhardina

  † Teilhardina
• † Ternstroemites
  • † Ternstroemites aureavallis – type locality for species
• † Tetonoides
  • † Tetonoides pearcei
• Thamnophis
• † Thryptacodon
  • † Thryptacodon australis
• † Thuites
  • † Thuites interruptus
• † Thuja
  • † Thuja interrupta
• Tinosaurus

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  Life restoration of the Paleocene pantodont mammal Titanoides

  † Titanoides
  • † Titanoides primaevus – type locality for species
• † Toxotherium
• † Trapa
  • † Trapa angulata
• † Trichopterodomus – type locality for genus
  • † Trichopterodomus leonardi – type locality for species
• † Trigonias
• Trochocyathus
  • † Trochocyathus mitratus – type locality for species
• † Trochodendroides
  • † Trochodendroides serrulata
• † Tuberculacerta – type locality for genus
  • † Tuberculacerta pearsoni – type locality for species

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• † Unuchinia
  • † Unuchinia dysmathes

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  Leaves and fruit of a living Viburnum .

  † Viburnum
  • † Viburnum antiquum
  • † Viburnum tilioides

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  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Paleocene Alligator relative Wannaganosuchus

  † Wannaganosuchus – type locality for genus
  • † Wannaganosuchus brachymanus – type locality for species
• † Wardiaphyllum
  • † Wardiaphyllum daturaefolium
• † Willeumys ^[1]
  • † Willeumys viduus ^[1]
• † Woodwardia
  • † Woodwardia arctica
  • † Woodwardia gravida – type locality for species

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• † Xestops – or unidentified comparable form

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• † Yoderimys
  • † Yoderimys stewarti – or unidentified comparable form

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• † Zingiberopsis – type locality for genus
  • † Zingiberopsis isonervosa – type locality for species

References

1. William W. Korth; Robert J. Emry; Clint A. Boyd; Jeff J. Person (2019). "Rodents (Mammalia) from Fitterer Ranch, Brule Formation (Oligocene), North Dakota". Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. 103 (103): iv-45. doi: 10.5479/si.1943-6688.103 .

• Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database. "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database" . Retrieved 17 December 2021.