List of wars involving Somalia

Last updated

This is a list of military conflicts in which Somali armed forces participated in after independence.

  Somalia defeat
  Somalia victory
  Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, result unknown or indecisive)
  Ongoing conflict
DateConflictAlliesEnemiesResult
1285-1286 Ifat invasion of Shewa Sultanate Sultanate of Ifat Sultanate of shewaIfat victory
  • Gidaya, Dawaro, Sawans, Bali, and Fatagar incorporated into the Ifat Sultanate.
1507-1542 Somali–Portuguese conflicts Muzzaffar (Mogadishu area) flag according to 1576 Portuguese map.svg Ajuran Sultanate Flag of Portugal (1521).svg Portuguese Empire Victory
1529-1543 Ethiopian–Adal war Flag of Adal Sultanate.svg Adal Sultanate Ethiopian Pennants.svg Ethiopian Empire Stalemate
1874–1885 Egyptian invasion of Hararghe Emirate of Harar

Red flag.svg Sultanate of Aussa

Flag of Muhammad Ali.svg Khedivate of Egypt Defeat
  • Emirate of Harar occupied by Egypt.
1886-1908 Lafoole Masscre Somalis Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg Italian Empire Victory
1900–1920 Somaliland Campaign Dervish flag.svg Dervish State
Supported by:
Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg Ottoman Empire
Flag of the German Empire.svg German Empire
(1915-1916)
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg British Empire
Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974).svg Ethiopian Empire (1900-1904)
Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg Italian Empire
Defeat
1922 1922 Burao tax revolt Isaaq Flag of United Kingdom.svg British Empire Somali victory
1963–1967 Shifta War Northern Frontier District Liberation Movement
Supported by:
Flag of Somalia.svg Somali Republic
Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya
Supported by:
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
Cease-fire
  • Protectorate Tax Policy abandoned
1964 1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia
Supported by:
Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Egypt [1]
Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974).svg Ethiopia
Supported by:
Flag of the United States.svg United States [2]
Cease-fire
  • Return to status quo ante bellum
1977–1978 Ogaden War Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia
Flag of the Western Somali Liberation Front.svg WSLF
Supported by:
Flag of Egypt (1972-1984).svg Egypt [3]
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia [4] [5]
Flag of Iraq (1963-1991); Flag of Syria (1963-1972).svg Iraq [5] [6]
Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia
Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union
Flag of South Yemen.svg South Yemen [7]
Supported by:
Flag of Israel.svg Israel [8] [9]
Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany
Flag of North Korea (1948-1992).svg North Korea [10]
Defeat [11] [12]
1982 1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia
Supported by:
Flag of the United States.svg United States
Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia Somalia victory
  • Ethiopian invasion halted [14] [15]
  • Ethiopia occupies the border towns of Galdogob and Balanbale until 1988 [16]
  • The United States delivers emergency military and economic aid to Somalia [14] [17]
1993 Operation Gothic Serpent Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia Flag of the United States.svg United States
Flag of the United Nations.svg United Nations
Victory
2009–present Somali Civil War Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia
Flag of the United States.svg United States [18] [19]
Supported by:
Flag of Italy.svg Italy [20]
Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey [21]
Flag of United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom [22]
Flag of Jihad.svg Al-Qaeda

AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg Islamic State (from 2015) [23] [24]

Ongoing

References

  1. Mekonnen, Teferi (2018). "The Nile issue and the Somali-Ethiopian wars (1960s–78)". Annales d'Éthiopie. 32: 271–291. doi:10.3406/ethio.2018.1657.
  2. Lefebvre, Jeffrey (1998). "The United States, Ethiopia and the 1963 Somali-Soviet Arms Deal: Containment and the Balance of Power Dilemma in the Horn of Africa". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 36 (4): 611–643. doi:10.1017/S0022278X98002870. JSTOR   161927. S2CID   154644957.
  3. Mekonnen, Teferi (2018). "The Nile issue and the Somali-Ethiopian wars (1960s–78)". Annales d'Éthiopie. 32: 271–291. doi:10.3406/ethio.2018.1657.
  4. Tareke 2000 , p. 656.
  5. 1 2 Fitzgerald, Nina J. (2002). Somalia; Issues, History, and Bibliography. Nova Publishers. p. 64. ISBN   9781590332658.
  6. Malovany, Pesach (21 July 2017). Wars of Modern Babylon. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN   9780813169453.
  7. "Ogaden Area recaptured by Ethiopian Forces with Soviet and Cuban Support -International Ramifications of Ethiopian-Somali Conflict – Incipient Soviet and Cuban Involvement in Ethiopian Warfare against Eritrean Secessionists -Political Assassinations inside Ethiopia". Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives). 1 May 1978.
  8. Lefebvre, Jeffrey Alan. Arms for the horn : U.S. Security Policy in Ethiopia and Somalia. University of Pitsburg Press. p. 188.
  9. "Arms and Rumors From East, West Sweep Ethiopia". Washington Postt. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  10. "North Korea's Military Partners in the Horn". The Diplomat. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
  11. Lapidoth, Ruth (1982). The Read Sea and the Gulf of Aden. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN   9024725011.
  12. Szajkowski, Bogdan (18 June 1981). Marxist Governments_ A World Survey_ Mozambique-Yugoslavia. p. 656. ISBN   9781349043323.
  13. Gorman 1981 , p. 208
  14. 1 2 Cowell, Alan (8 October 1982). "Ethiopian Drive Against Somalia Bogs Down". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
  15. "Ethiopian and Somali Forces Withdrawn Under Agreement". The New York Times. 26 April 1988.
  16. "The History Guy: Ethiopia-Somalia Wars and Conflicts" . Retrieved 21 July 2017.
  17. "Somalia: Status of the Armed Forces" (PDF). Central Intelligence Agency. March 1982. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  18. "Al-Shabaab leader's fate unclear after suspected U.S. drone strike". CNN. Archived from the original on June 30, 2015. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
  19. "U.S. drone strike in Somalia targets al-Shabab leader". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 19, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
  20. "US special forces base, Italian army convoy attacked in Somalia". Al Jazeera. 30 September 2019.
  21. Liddon, Paul (13 July 2019). "The significance of Turkey's overseas military bases". AhvalNews . Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  22. "First British troops arrive in Somalia as part of UN mission". The Guardian. 2 May 2016. Archived from the original on 2 May 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  23. "ISIL's First East African Affiliate Conducts Attacks in Somalia, Kenya". DefenseNews. December 29, 2015.
  24. "Somalia: Pro-ISIL militants, Al Shabaab clash in deadly Puntland infighting". Garowe Online. December 24, 2015. Archived from the original on January 26, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2016.