List of wars involving Nigeria

This is a list of wars involving the Federal Republic of Nigeria and its predecessor states.

Other conflicts

• Mbaise Rebellion Battles against the British 1902–1917 – In 1900, the British created the Southern Nigeria Protectorate. The resistance to British colonisation from the people of modern mbaise and igbo's throughout Eastern Nigeria is well documented.
• Bende Onitsha Hinterland Expedition 1905–1906 – The Bende Onitsha Hinterland Expedition is also referred to as the Ahiara Expedition due to the impact it had on the area. There was a lot of hostility between the British and the people of Mbaise following the Aro Expedition.

Kingdom of Benin (1180-1897)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Idah war (1515-1516)	Kingdom of Benin	Igala Kingdom	Victory Edo conquest of Idah

Oyo Empire (1682–1833)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Battle of Dahomey (1728)	Oyo Empire	Dahomey	Victory
Battle of Atakpamé	Kingdom of Akyem Kingdom of Dahomey Oyo Empire	Ashanti Empire	Victory the Juabenhene was killed
Battle of Tabkin Kwatto (1804)	Sultanate of Gobir	Sokoto Caliphate	Decisive Fulani victory
Fulani War (1804–1808)	Sokoto Caliphate	Hausa Kingdoms	Fulani victory Establishment of the Sokoto Caliphate
Battle of Oyo Ile	Oyo Empire	Nupe	Decisive Oyo victory The Oyo defeated the Nupe and reclaimed Oyo Ile

Battles (1901–1902)

• Battles in the Oguta/Owerri area (November 1901)
• Battles of Esu Itu (December 1901)
• Anglo-Aro war (December 1901)
• Battle of Edimma (January 1902)
• Battle of Ikotobo (January 1902)
• Battle of Ikorodaka (February 1902)
• Battle of Bende (March 1902)

Colonial Nigeria/British Republic (1800–1960)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Igbo-Igala Wars (18th-19th Century)	East, North and Western Igboland	Idah	Stalemate Nsukka briefly conquered by Igala, Minor Igala influences in certain Western Igbo areas, Nsukka Reconquered by Igbo, Ebonyi conquers multiple Igala areas, Igbo Influence on Igala in Igboland
Battle of Nsukka (1792)	Nsukka	Idah	Stalemate Nsukka wins but is eventually conquered
Ekumeku Movement (1883–1914)	Ekumeku Organization	British Empire	Stalemate Establishment of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate
Anglo-Aro War (1901–1902)	Aro Confederacy	United Kingdom	Defeat Defeat of the Aro People
Battle of Kano (1903)	Sokoto Caliphate Kano Emirate	United Kingdom Protectorate of Northern Nigeria	Defeat Defeat of the Sokoto Caliphate and it getting conquered by Britain.
African theatre of World War I (1914–1918)	Entente Powers :   British Empire  United Kingdom  Australia   Bechuanaland   British East Africa Egypt   Gold Coast   India  New Zealand Nigeria   Northern Rhodesia   Nyasaland   Somaliland   South Africa   Southern Rhodesia Sudan Uganda  France   French West Africa   French Equatorial Africa Morocco  Belgium   Belgian Congo   Portugal   Angola   Mozambique   Italy (1915–1918) Tripolitania Cyrenaica   Eritrea Somalia   Liberia (1917–1918)	Central Powers :   German Empire Togoland Kamerun   German South West Africa   German East Africa   Ottoman Empire Co-belligerents:   Transvaal (1914–1915) Senussi Sultanate of Darfur (1914–1916) Dervish State Supported by:   Ethiopian Empire (1915–1916)	Allied victory
Kamerun campaign (1914–1916)	Entente Powers :   British Empire Nigeria   India  France   French Equatorial Africa  Belgium   Belgian Congo	Central Powers :   Germany Kamerun	Allied victory
First Battle of Garua (1914)	British Empire British Nigeria	Germany German Kamerun	Defeat
Battle of Gurin (1915)	British Empire British Nigeria	Germany German Kamerun	Victory
Second Battle of Garua (1915)	British Empire British Nigeria France French Equatorial Africa	German Empire German Kamerun	Allied Victory
Bussa Rebellion (1915)	Nigeria	British Empire	Stalemate
Adubi War (1918)	British Empire British Nigeria	Egba rebels	Victory
East African Campaign (World War II) [1] [ circular reference ] (1940–1943)	Allied Powers :   British Empire  United Kingdom  Australia   Gold Coast   India Kenya Nigeria   Nyasaland   Northern Rhodesia   Southern Rhodesia   Somaliland   South Africa Sudan  Belgium   Belgian Congo   Free Ethiopia   Free France French Equatorial Africa	Axis Powers :   Italy   Italian East Africa Supported by:   Germany	Victory Fall of Italian East Africa

First Nigerian Republic (1960–1979)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Congo Crisis (1960–1964)	Congo-Léopoldville ONUC   Ireland   Sweden   Norway   India   Nigeria   Ethiopia	Katanga   South Kasai  Belgium	Victory Katanga and South Kasai dissolved
South African Border War (1966–1990)	SWAPO (PLAN) MPLA (FAPLA) [2]   Cuba SWANU [3] ANC (MK) [4]   Zambia [5] Material Support:   Nigeria [note 1]	South Africa Transitional Government of South West Africa [7]   Portugal (until 1975) [8] UNITA (from 1975) [9] FNLA (1975) [2]	Military stalemate Angolan Tripartite Accord, leading to: Withdrawal of South African forces from Namibia; withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola
1966 Nigerian coup d'état (1966)	Government of Nigeria	Rebel Army Officers	Government Victory Overthrow of Abubakar Balewa Assassination of 11 senior Politicians Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi seized power Instigation of Northern-led counter-coup Nigerian Civil War starts in 1967
1975 Nigerian coup d'état (1975)	Military government Supreme Military Council (SMC)	Armed Forces faction Supreme Military Council (SMC)	Coup succeeds Yakubu Gowon is ousted and replaced with Murtala Mohammed.
1976 Nigerian coup d'état attempt (1976)	Military government Supreme Military Council (SMC)	Armed Forces faction	Coup fails Murtala Mohammed is assassinated and succeeded by Olusegun Obasanjo.

Civil War (1967–1970)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970)	Nigeria   Egypt	Biafra	Victory Reincorporation of Biafra into Nigeria
Operation UNICORD (1967)	Nigeria	Biafra	Victory
Midwest Invasion of 1967 (1967)	Nigeria	Biafra	Victory
First Invasion of Onitsha (1967)	Nigeria	Biafra	Biafran victory
Operation Tiger Claw (1967)	Nigeria	Biafra	Nigerian victory
Fall of Enugu (1967)	Nigeria	Biafra	Victory
Second Invasion of Onitsha (1968)	Nigeria	Biafra	Victory
Abagana Ambush (1968)	Nigeria	Biafra	Indecisive
Invasion of Port Harcourt (1968)	Nigeria	Biafra	Victory
Operation OAU (1968)	Nigeria	Biafra	Defeat
Operation Hiroshima (1968)	Nigeria	Biafra	Victory
Siege of Owerri (1968–1969)	Nigeria	Biafra	Defeat
Operation Leopard (1969) (1969)	Nigeria	Biafra	Victory
Invasion of Umuahia (1969)	Nigeria	Biafra	Victory
Operation Tail-Wind (1970)	Nigeria	Biafra	Decisive Nigerian victory Capitulation of Biafra

Second Nigerian Republic (1977–1991)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Shaba I (1977)	Zaire   Morocco   Egypt  France  Belgium Supported by:  United States  China Sudan   Nigeria	Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FNLC) Supported by: Angola   East Germany   Soviet Union	Victory FNLC expelled from Shaba
Chadian–Libyan conflict (1978)	Anti-Libyan Chadian factions FAT (1978–79) FAN (1978–83) FANT (1983–87) GUNT (1986–87)  France Inter-African Force   Zaire [10]   Nigeria [11]   Senegal [11]	Libya Islamic Legion [12] Pro-Libyan Chadian factions FROLINAT GUNT (1979–86) Codos (1983–86)   PLO (1987) [13] [14] Supported by:   Soviet Union   East Germany	Victory
1983 Nigerian coup d'état (1983)	Nigeria	Nigeria Rebel Officers	Coup succeeds The ousting of the democratically elected government of President Shehu Shagari
Chadian–Nigerian War (1983)	Nigeria	Chad	Victory
1985 Nigerian coup d'état (1985)	Military government Supreme Military Council (SMC)	Armed Forces faction Armed Forces Ruling Council (AFRC)	Coup succeeds
First Liberian Civil War (1990–1997)	Liberia ULIMO ECOMOG	NPFL INPFL	Indecisive (ECOMOG mission successful) [15] Elections held, Charles Taylor becomes President.

Third Nigerian Republic (1992–1999)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Operation Restore Hope[ citation needed ] (1992–1993)	UNITAF  Australia  Bangladesh  Belgium  Botswana  Canada  Egypt  Ethiopia  France  Germany  Greece  India  Italy  Kuwait  Malaysia  Morocco  New Zealand  Nigeria  Norway  Pakistan  Saudi Arabia  Spain  Tunisia  Turkey  UAE  United Kingdom  United States  Zimbabwe   Nigeria	United Somali Congress	UN operational success
Sierra Leone Civil War (1993–2002)	Sierra Leone ECOMOG   United Kingdom UNAMSIL	RUF NPFL AFRC	Victory Lomé Peace Accord Defeat of the Revolutionary United Front
1998 Monrovia clashes (1998)	Johnson's forces (ex-ULIMO-J) Limited involvement:   Nigeria  United States	Liberian government (Taylor loyalists)	Stalemate

Fourth Nigerian Republic (1999–present)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)	Algeria   Mauritania   Tunisia   Libya   Mali MINUSMA [16] (from 2013)   Nigeria AFISMA [17] (from 2013)   Niger [18]   Chad [16]   France [16] [19] [20]   Turkey	GSPC (until 2007) AQIM (from 2007) Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (from 2017) MOJWA (2011–13) Al-Mourabitoun (2013–17) Ansar Dine (2012–17) Ansar al-Sharia (Tunisia) (from 2011) [21] Uqba ibn Nafi Brigade (from 2012) [22] Ansar al-Sharia (Libya) (2012–17) Salafia Jihadia [23] Boko Haram (from 2006, part of ISIL since 2015) [24] [25]   Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (from 2014) Libyan provinces Wilayat Gharb Ifriqiyyah Wilayat al-Jazair	Ongoing
Conflict in the Niger Delta (2004–present)	Nigeria	MEND NDPVF NDLF	Ongoing Amnesty agreement in 2009
Operation Juniper Shield (2007–present)	Algeria   Morocco   Mauritania Tunisia   Burkina Faso   Chad   Mali   Niger Nigeria   Senegal	al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (2007–present) Ansar Dine (2012–17) Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (2017–present) Supported By: Boko Haram (2009–15) MOJWA (2011–13) ISIL Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (2015–present) [26]	Ongoing
Bakassi conflict (2009)	Democratic Republic of Bakassi Pro-Nigerian militia	Cameroon	Ongoing
Somali Civil War (2009–present)	Somalia   United States   United Kingdom AMISOM   Nigeria (from 2010)   Kenya	Al-Shabaab Hizbul Islam Islamic State in Somalia Supported by:   Eritrea [ dubious – discuss ]	Ongoing
Boko Haram insurgency (2009–present)	Nigeria   Cameroon   Chad   Niger   Turkey	Boko Haram Ansaru	Ongoing
2009 Boko Haram uprising (2009)	Nigerian Government	Boko Haram	Violence quelled
War on terror (2009)	Main countries:   United States   United Kingdom   France   Russia Other participant countries:   Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004–2021)   Armenia   Australia   Austria   Azerbaijan   Bahrain   Benin   Brunei   Burkina Faso   Cameroon   Cape Verde   Chad   China   Democratic Republic of the Congo   Cyprus   Egypt   El Salvador   Finland   Gabon   The Gambia   Georgia   Guinea   Guinea-Bissau   India   Indonesia   Iran   Iraq   Israel   Ivory Coast   Japan   Jordan   Kazakhstan   Kyrgyzstan   Lebanon   Liberia   Malawi   Malaysia   Mali   Malta   Mauritania   Mongolia   Morocco   Mozambique   New Zealand   Niger   Nigeria   Pakistan   Palestine   Philippines   Rwanda   Saudi Arabia   Senegal   Sierra Leone   Singapore   South Africa   South Korea   Sweden   Tajikistan   Taiwan   Tanzania   Thailand   Togo   Tonga   Turkmenistan   Uganda   Ukraine   United Arab Emirates   Uzbekistan   Vietnam   Yemen   Zimbabwe	Terrorist groups: Al-Qaeda Lashkar al-Zil AQAP Ansar al-Sharia (Yemen) AQIM AQIS al-Shabaab Tahrir al-Sham Khorasan [27] Nusrat al-Islam AQKB Abdullah Azzam Brigades Tawhid al-Jihad (Gaza Strip) Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigades Imam Shamil Battalion Islamist lone wolves	Ongoing
Nigerian bandit conflict(2011–Present)	Nigeria Nigeria Police Force Nigerian Armed Forces Nigerian Army Nigerian Air Force Vigilante groups Vigilante Group of Nigeria Yan Sakai	Various gangs Hausa militias Fulani militias Alleged involvement Islamic State's West Africa Province [28] Boko Haram Ansaru [28]	Ongoing
Northern Mali conflict (2012–present)	Mali   France   Turkey   China [29]   Benin   Ghana   Cape Verde   The Gambia   Ghana [30]   Guinea [31]   Guinea-Bissau [32]   Ivory Coast [31]   Liberia [33]   Niger [34]   Nigeria [35]   Sierra Leone [36]   Senegal [35]   Togo [37]   Chad [38]   Burundi [39]   Gabon [40]   South Africa [41]   Rwanda [41]   Tanzania [41]   Uganda [42]   Germany [43]	ISIL Ansar al-Sharia Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin	Ongoing
Operation Serval part of 2012 Northern Mali conflict and the War on Terror (2013–2014)	Mali   France   Nigeria   Sierra Leone   Poland MNLA	Islamic militants MOJWA AQIM Ansar Dine	Victory
Military intervention against ISIL (2014–present) 2014 Jos bombings	United States   United Kingdom   Iraq Syria   Australia   Belgium   Canada   Denmark   France   Germany   Italy   Netherlands   New Zealand   Norway   Portugal   Spain   Turkey   Bahrain   Jordan   Morocco   Greece   Qatar   Saudi Arabia   United Arab Emirates   Egypt   Libya   Nigeria   Cameroon   Chad   Niger  Russia	Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Boko Haram al-Nusra Front Khorasan	Ongoing
Chibok ambush (2014)	Nigeria	Boko Haram	Defeat
2015 West African offensive (2015) 30 June and 1 July 2015 Borno massacres	Multinational Joint Task Force   Nigeria   Cameroon [44]   Chad [45]   Niger [46] Local militias [47] STTEP (foreign mercenaries) [48] [49] Supported by: African Union [50] [51]  Belgium [52]   Benin [46]  Canada [53]  China [54]   Colombia [55] [56]  France [54]   Iran [ citation needed ]   Israel [57]  Italy [52]  Spain [52]  United Kingdom [54] [58]  United States [59] [60]	ISIL Wilayat Gharb Afriqiya (from March 2015) [61] Boko Haram (until March 2015)	Multinational Joint Task Force victory
Invasion of the Gambia (2017) Dalori attack	Senegal   Nigeria   Ghana   Mali   Togo Coalition 2016	Gambia MFDC	Victory Yahya Jammeh steps down peacefully, minimal combat between the two sides.
Chad Basin campaign (2018–2020)	Multinational Joint Task Force (MJTF)   Nigeria   Niger   Cameroon   Chad Self-defense militias [62]	Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) Boko Haram	Partial Multinational Joint Task Force victory Much territory is retaken from rebel forces Insurgents retain significant presence in the Chad Basin ISWAP experiences extensive leadership struggles, resulting in the successive purges of two leaders and several sub-commanders [63] : 6
Orlu Crisis (16-28 January 2021)	Nigeria	IPOB	Ceasefire Nigerian troops intervention repulsed
Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria 2021–present	Nigeria	Biafra Seperaists	Ongoing
Anambra Ambush (2023)	Nigeria   USA	IPOB	Defeat Suspected Biafra seperaists victory Ambush Successful
2023 Nigerien Crisis	Government of Niger Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism|PNDS-Tarayya ECOWAS [a]   Benin   Cape Verde   The Gambia   Ghana   Guinea-Bissau   Ivory Coast   Liberia   Nigeria   Senegal   Sierra Leone   Togo Supported by:   France   United States   African Union	National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland M62 Movement   Burkina Faso   Mali Supported by:   Guinea Indigenous People of Biafra [64]	Defeat *French withdrawal in December.

Peace agreements

Peace agreements signed

• Banjul III Agreement (1990-10-24)
• Bamako Ceasefire Agreement (1990-11-28)
• Banjul IV Agreement (1990-12-21)
• Lomé Agreement (1991-02-13)
• Yamoussoukro IV Peace Agreement (1991-10-30)
• Geneva Agreement 1992 (1992-04-07)
• Cotonou Peace Agreement (1993-07-25)
• Akosombo Peace Agreement (1994-09-12)
• Accra Agreements/Akosombo clarification agreement (1994-12-21)
• Abuja Peace Agreement (1995-08-19)

See also

• Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)

Notes

1. Nigeria established bilateral military relations with PLAN in 1976, and thereafter plied that movement with millions of dollars in direct financial contributions and logistical support. ^[6] During the 1980s, PLAN arms were airlifted directly to the insurgents by the Nigerian Air Force. ^[6]

References

1. East African Campaign
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3. Dale, Richard (2014). The Namibian War of Independence, 1966–1989: Diplomatic, Economic and Military Campaigns. Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Incorporated Publishers. pp. 74–77, 93–95. ISBN   978-0-7864-9659-4.
4. Thomas, Scott (1995). The Diplomacy of Liberation: The Foreign Relations of the ANC Since 1960. London: Tauris Academic Studies. pp. 202–210. ISBN   978-1-85043-993-6.
5. Larmer, Miles (2011). Rethinking African Politics: A History of Opposition in Zambia. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. pp. 209–217. ISBN   978-1-4094-8249-9.
6. Abegunrin, Olayiwola (1997). Nigerian Foreign Policy Under Military Rule, 1966-1999. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers. pp. 81, 93. ISBN   978-0-275-97881-5.
7. Beckett, Ian; Pimlott, John (2011). Counter-insurgency: Lessons from History. Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Books. pp. 204–219. ISBN   978-1-84884-396-7.
8. Cann, John (2015). Flight Plan Africa: Portuguese Airpower in Counterinsurgency, 1961–1974. Solihull: Helion & Company. pp. 362–363. ISBN   978-1-909982-06-2.
9. Fryxell, Cole. To Be Born a Nation. p. 13.
10. Pike, John. "Libyan Intervention in Chad, 1980-Mid-1987". www.globalsecurity.org.
11. S. Nolutshungu, p. 164
12. Geoffrey Leslie Simons, Libya and the West: from independence to Lockerbie, Centre for Libyan Studies (Oxford, England). Pg. 57
13. "قصة من تاريخ النشاط العسكري الفلسطيني... عندما حاربت منظمة التحرير مع القذافي ضد تشاد – رصيف22". 4 December 2018.
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    • Despite the often discouraging prospects, the ECOMOG operation was ultimately successful for several reasons. The first was the sheer political will and tenacity of ECOWAS. The organisation did not have the option of cutting and running, for reasons that were as much self-interested as humanitarian. The second was the ability to combine three phases of conflict resolution: peacekeeping, peacemaking, and peace enforcement, thereby changing mandates of forces in the field as developments on the ground required (a flexibility due, ironically, to the autonomy enjoyed by the military command and as a result of the weak control exercised by the ECOWAS directorate).
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51. The African Union Readies an Army to Fight Boko Haram, Medium.com.
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53. Canada joins effort to free Nigerian schoolgirls. May 14, 2014 3:23 pm Updated: May 15, 2014 7:01 pm. By Murray Brewster, The Canadian Press
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Notes

1. The 2023 Nigerien coup d'état is opposed by active members of the ECOWAS bloc. Niger, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Guinea are members of ECOWAS that were suspended following coup d'états which established military juntas in their respective countries.