List of wars involving Ethiopia

This is a list of wars involving the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (modern-day Ethiopia) and its predecessor states.

Ethiopian Empire (1270–1975)

See also: Ethiopian Empire

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
Conquests of Amda Seyon I (1316–1332)	Ethiopia	Sultanate of Ifat Kingdom of Damot Hadiya Sultanate Sultanate of Dawaro Enderta Province Kingdom of Simien & more	Victories Incorporation of the southern kingdoms into the Ethiopian Empire Conquest of Dawaro Re-establishment of Imperial hegemony in Tigray Establishment of Imperial hegemony in Ifat Spread of Judaism in modern day Mi'irabawi halted
Badley ad-Din II's Invasion of Ethiopia (1445)	Ethiopian Empire	Adal Sultanate	Victory Death of the Adal Sultan [1] [2] [3]
Abyssinian–Adal War (1529–1543)	Ethiopian Empire Portuguese Empire (1541–43)	Adal Sultanate Ottoman Empire (1542–43)	Stalemate Status quo ante bellum [4]
Ottoman–Ethiopian War (1557–1589)	Ethiopian Empire	Ottoman Empire Egypt Eyalet Yemen Eyalet Medri Bahri Adal Sultanate	Victory Ethiopian victory in the highlands [5] [6] [7] Ottoman annexation of Massawa [8] [9] [10] Decline and dissolution of the Adal Sultanate [11] [12] [13] Establishment of Habesh Eyalet in Hergigo and Massawa [14] The establishment of Ottoman Zeila [15] [16]
Iyasu II's Invasion of Sennar (1738)	Ethiopia	Sennar Supported by: Darfur	Defeat Iyasu II's army defeated Several of the Ethiopian Emperor's valuables lost
Zemene Mesafint (1769–1855)	Various factions	Various factions	Reunification of Ethiopia Tewodros II becomes Emperor
Ottoman–Ethiopian border conflicts (1832–1848)	Ethiopian Empire	Ottoman Empire Eyalet of Egypt	Victory Ethiopia retains territorial integrity and independence Ottoman-Egyptians expand south into the Great Lakes region Leads to the Egyptian-Ethiopian war
British Expedition to Abyssinia (1867–1868)	Ethiopian Empire	United Kingdom   India Ethiopian rebels	Defeat Tewodros II commits suicide to avoid capture
Ethiopian–Egyptian War (1874–1876)	Ethiopia	Egyptian Empire	Victory Egyptian Khedive defeated Collapse of Egyptian Khedivate
Mahdist War (1881–1889)	United Kingdom  •  Egypt  •  India [17]  • Canada [18] [19]  • Colony of New South Wales [20]   Italy [21]  • Colony of Eritrea   Ethiopia Congo Free State	Mahdist State	Victory End of Mahdist raids into Ethiopia at the Battle of Gallabat Death of Emperor Yohannes IV End of the Mahdist war in 1889
Italo-Ethiopian War of 1887–1889	Ethiopian Empire	Kingdom of Italy	Compromise [22] Treaty of Wuchale; establishment of Italian Eritrea
Menelik's Expansions (Late 19th century)	Ethiopian Empire ∟ Shewa Armed by:   France [23]   United Kingdom [24]	Various polities (see List of polities involved)	Victories Incorporation of the southern kingdoms into the Ethiopian Empire. Incorporation of the Oromo borderlands such as the Kingdom of Jimma, Qabesh, and Arsi Oromo into the Ethiopian Empire Incorporation of the Emirate of Harar and Ogaden region into the Ethiopian Empire Beginning of the Dervish war in response to Ethiopian expansion into the Ogaden Centralization of Ethiopia in Shewa Founding of Addis Ababa in 1897.
First Italo-Ethiopian War (1896)	Ethiopian Empire	Kingdom of Italy	Victory Ethiopia retains independence Italians defeated
Dervish War (1900–1920)	British Empire   Italy Ethiopian Empire (1900–1904) and (1914-1915) [ citation needed ]	Dervish movement Supported by: Ottoman Empire Ethiopian Empire (1915–1916) [25] [26] German Empire [27]	Ethiopian allied victory Collapse of the Dervish State
Second Italo-Ethiopian War (1935–1937)	Ethiopia	Italy	Defeat Italian control over most of the Ethiopian Empire's former territory Establishment of Italian East Africa Beginning of Arbegnoch anti-fascist resistance
East African Campaign (1940–1941)	British Empire United Kingdom   India   South Africa Kenya   Sudan Nigeria Gold Coast   Somaliland Northern Rhodesia Southern Rhodesia Uganda Nyasaland Australia   New Zealand Ethiopian Arbegnoch Belgium Congo Free France Equatorial Africa	Italy   Italian East Africa	Ethiopian allied victory Fall of Italian East Africa Independence of Ethiopia
Woyane rebellion (1943)	Ethiopia United Kingdom [28]	Woyane rebels	Victory Revolt crushed
Korean War (1950–1953)	South Korea United Nations [a] United States Ethiopia ... see other countries	North Korea China Soviet Union (air support only)	Stalemate The Korean Armistice Agreement
Congo Crisis (1960–1964)	1960–1963: Republic of the Congo Supported by: Soviet Union (1960) ONUC [b]   Ethiopia 1963–1964: Democratic Republic of the Congo United States Belgium Supported by: ONUC (1964)   Ethiopia	1960–1963: Katanga South Kasai Supported by: Belgium [c] 1960–1962: Free Republic of the Congo Supported by: Soviet Union 1963–1964: Kwilu and Simba rebels Supported by: Soviet Union China Cuba	Victory Debellation of Congolese separatist states
Bale Revolt (1963–1970)	Ethiopia	Oromo and Somali rebels Somali Republic →   Somalia	Victory Revolt crushed, peace agreement
1964 Ethiopian–Somali War (1964)	Ethiopia	Somali Republic United Arab Republic	Stalemate Military offensive of Ethiopia repulsed, ceasefire agreement [34] [35]
OLA insurgency (1973–present)	Ethiopia Former combatants: Ethiopian Empire (until 1975) Derg (1975–87) PDRE (1987–91) TGE (1991–95)	OLF (until 2018) OLA (initially part of OLF, independent from 2018) IFLO (1985–87) EUPF (1993–2012) [36] Supported by: [d] Eritrea (1998–2018) [37] Egypt (alleged) [38]	Ongoing Start of peace talks between government of Ethiopia and the OLA on 25 April 2023 [39] [40] Conflict resumes after peace talks failed in May 2023. The OLA and the government signed a peace deal on 1 December 2024 and its members started moving into designated camps [41] [42] [43] [44]

Communist Ethiopia (1975–1991)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
Eritrean War of Independence (1961–1991)	1961–1974 Ethiopian Empire Supported by: United States [45] Israel [46] [47] 1974–1991 Derg (1974–1987) PDR Ethiopia (1987–1991) Supported by: Soviet Union [52] (1974–1990) Cuba (1974–1990) South Yemen (1974–1990) Israel [46] North Korea [53]	ELF (1961–1981) Supported by: Sudan [54] Libya [55] [56] China (until 1972) [57] [58] Cuba (until 1975) [55] [59] Syria [60] [61] Iraq [62] [63] Saudi Arabia [64] Somalia [65] [48] EPLF (since 1973) TPLF (since 1975) Supported by: Libya [67] [68] Sudan [69] Somalia [65] Syria [60] [61] Iraq [69] Kuwait [70] United Arab Emirates [70]	EPLF victory [71] Eritrean insurgency begins in 1961 ELF defeated by EPLF and TPLF during the Eritrean Civil Wars Fall of the Derg regime Eritrea gains de facto independence from Ethiopia in 1991 under EPLF rule, and de jure independence after the referendum held in 1993 under UN auspices Independence of Eritrea Ethiopia becomes a landlocked country.
Ogaden War (1977 [72] –1978 [73] )	Ethiopia Cuba Soviet Union [74] South Yemen [75]	Somalia WSLF	Ethiopian victory Somalia breaks all ties with the Soviet Bloc and the Second World (except China and Romania). [76] Beginning of the Somali Rebellion
1982 Ethiopian-Somali Border War (1982–1983)	Ethiopia SSDF	Somalia	Stalemate [77] [78] Ethiopian invasion repulsed [79] [80] Stalemate at border towns of Galdogob and Balanbale Upsurge in domestic support for Somali President Siad Barre United States delivers emergency military aid to Somalia [81] Ethiopian army and SSDF temporarily occupy the border towns of Galdogob and Balanbale [82]
Ethiopian Civil War (1974–1991)	Derg (1974–1987) PDR Ethiopia (1987–1991) Supported by: Soviet Union [83] [84] [85] (1974–1990)   Cuba (1974–1990) South Yemen (1974–1990) Somali anti-Barre groups: USC SSDF SPM SNM Somali Anti WSLF-groups: Afraad SNM	EPRDF TPLF EPDM OPDO EPRP MEISON (from 1977) EDU OLF WSLF ALF Eritrean separatists: ELF (until 1981) EPLF Somali nationalists: WSLF ONLF [86] Supported by: United States [87] Somalia (1978–1991) [88] China (from 1978) [89] Romania (1978–1989)	EPLF/TPLF rebel victory Fall of the Ethiopian Empire and subsequent implementation of military rule Creation, then collapse, of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia by the Derg Installation of the TPLF-led transitional government which would later become the EPRDF government in Ethiopia Installation of the EPLF-established PFDJ government in Eritrea after independence from Ethiopia Independence of Eritrea; Ethiopia becomes a landlocked country.

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (from 1995)

See also: Ethiopia § Federal Democratic Republic (1991–present)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
Insurgency in Ogaden (1992 [90] –2018 [91] [92] )	Ethiopia Supported by: Somaliland [93] [94]	ONLF Supported by:   Eritrea [95]   Egypt (alleged by Ethiopia) [96] al-Itihaad al-Islamiya [97] (1992–97)	Peace agreement reached Status quo ante bellum
Eritrean–Ethiopian War (1998–2000)	Ethiopia	Eritrea	Ethiopian military victory Eritrean diplomatic victory [98] [99] [100] Algiers Agreement (2000) Most of the disputed territory awarded to Eritrea by the Permanent Court of Arbitration in 2002 [101] Ethiopian occupation of disputed territories and the border town of Badme until the 2020 Tigray War Refugee displacement and humanitarian crises of Eritreans and Ethiopians Deployment of UN Peace-keeping troops along disputed border region [102] Conflict over the border continues until 2018 Final and binding border delimitation by the International Court of Arbitration [103]
Ethiopian occupation of Somalia (2006–2009)	Invasion: Ethiopia TFG United States [104] [105] Supported by: Kenya [106] Insurgency: Ethiopia TFG Puntland Galmudug ASWJ United States AMISOM Burundi [107] [108] Kenya Malawi [109] Nigeria [110] Uganda [111]	Invasion: Islamic Courts Union Supported by: ONLF [112] [113] Eritrea Insurgency: Al-Shabaab ARS Ras Kamboni Brigades Jabhatul Islamiya Muaskar Anole ICU loyalists	Islamist insurgent victory, see Consequences Disintegration of the Islamic Courts Union government and emergence of Islamist insurgency Deployment of AMISOM (2007) Rise of al-Shabaab [114] Escalation of Insurgency in Ogaden [115] Proliferation of Somali piracy Insurgency recaptures majority of south/central Somalia and Mogadishu Withdrawal of ENDF from Mogadishu and majority of Somalia (2009) New phase of Somali Civil War with conflict between 'radical' and 'moderate' Islamists
South Sudanese Civil War (2013–2020)	UNMISS [116] Regional Protection Force [117] Rwanda Ethiopia	South Sudan SPLA Air Force Mathiang Anyoor Maban Defence Force [118] Allied militias: SSLM SRF JEM [e] SPLM-N [123] [121] (alleged) SLA-AW [124] SLA-MM [124] EUPF [125] (alleged) State allies: Uganda Egypt [126] (alleged) SPLM-IO [127] Nuer White Army [128] SSDM Cobra Faction [f] Greater Pibor Forces (since 2015) [130] Agwelek forces [133] [134] TFNF [135] SSFDP [136] South Sudan National Army [137] [138] NAS Arrow Boys (since Nov. 2015) Wau State insurgents [139] SSOA (until September 2018) SSOMA/NSSSOG (until Jan. 2020) Supported by: Sudan (South Sudanese gov. claim) [140]	Stalemate
Oromia–Somali clashes (2016–2018 [141] [142] )	Ethiopia Oromia	Somali Liyu Police	Abdi Illey arrested [143]
Benishangul-Gumuz conflict (2019–2022 [144] )	Ethiopia ENDF Benishangul-Gumuz Region Amhara Region Fano [145]	Gumuz People’s Democratic Movement [146] Benishangul People's Liberation Movement [147] Oromo Liberation Army Tigray People's Liberation Front (alleged)	Peace agreement reached
Tigray War (2020–2022)	Ethiopia [148] [149]   Eritrea [150] [151]	Tigray OLA (2021–22) [152] [153]	Pretoria Agreement The government and the TPLF formally agreed to a cessation of hostilities and systematic, verifiable disarmament (2 November 2022) [154] [155] [156] Second agreement for implementing the peace deal signed by both parties (12 November 2022) [157] [158] Federal authority in the Tigray Region is reestablished Interim Regional Administration of Tigray formed on 23 March 2023 Continued Eritrean military presence in Tigray as of 2023 [ citation needed ] Status of Tigray Region's Western Zone still disputed
Al-Fashaga conflict (2020–2022)	Amhara militias Alleged: Ethiopia Eritrea [159]	Sudan	Sudanese victory Disengagement and de-escalation Sudan recaptures all of the border territory with Ethiopia. [160] [161] Sudan and Ethiopia agree to settle all disputes peacefully. [162]
War in Amhara (2023–present)	Ethiopia ENDF Amhara Region Government	Fano factions Amhara People's Army Wollo Fano Gojjam Fano Gondar Fano Shewa Fano	Ongoing Heavy clashes erupt between Fano and ENDF during August 2023 Drone attacks against civilian targets [163] Mass arrests and detention of Amhara civilians [164] State of emergency declared Fano forces launch offensive in July 2024 [165] ENDF launches major counter-offensive in October 2024 [166] [167]

Footnotes

1. On 9 July 1951 troop constituents were: US: 70.4%; ROK: 23.3%; other UNC: 6.3%. ^[29]
2. ONUC, the United Nations Operation in the Congo, included troops from Ghana, Tunisia, Morocco, Ethiopia, Ireland, Guinea, Sweden, Mali, Sudan, Liberia, Canada, India, Indonesia and the United Arab Republic among others. ^[30]
3. The secession of Katanga and South Kasai was also supported by South Africa, France, Portuguese Angola and the neighbouring Central African Federation. ^{[31] [32]} However, neither was ever officially recognised by any state. ^[33]
4. Alleged by the government of Ethiopia.^{[ citation needed ]}
5. The SPLM-IO accused JEM of supporting Kiir's government since 2013, though JEM has denied any involvement and claims to maintain neutrality in the South Sudanese Civil War. ^[119] The Sudanese government, ^[120] aid workers ^[119] and other sources ^[121] have however affirmed that JEM is taking part in conflict on the side of the South Sudanese government. ^[122]
6. The Cobra Faction openly opposed the government until 2014, and remained in relative opposition until 2015, when it divided into a pro-government and pro-SPLM-IO faction, the latter of which formed the Greater Pibor Forces. In early 2016, the Cobra Faction effectively disbanded, when the remaining group joined the government. ^{[129] [130] [131]} In September 2016, however, the Cobra Faction was declared restored by some of its commanders and declared that it had resumed its struggle against the government. ^[132]

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