List of wars involving Somaliland

Last updated

Somalia states regions districtsJuly1520091.png

This is a list of wars involving the Republic of Somaliland and its predecessors.

Contents

Ifat invasion of Shewa Sultanate (1285–1286)

ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Ifat invasion of Shewa Sultanate
(1285-1286)
Flag of Adal Sultanate.svg Ifat Sultanate
Ethiopian Pennants.svg Ethiopian Empire
Victory

Ifat Sultanate (1316–1332)

ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Conquests of the Emperor Amda Seyon I
(1316–1332)
Flag of Adal Sultanate.svg Ifat Sultanate
Ethiopian Pennants.svg Ethiopian Empire
Defeat

Ifat-Abyssinian War (1376–1403)

ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Ifat-Abyssinian War
(1376–1403)
Flag of Adal Sultanate.svg Ifat Sultanate
Ethiopian Pennants.svg Ethiopian Empire
Defeat

Campaigns of Jamal ad-Din (1424-1429)

ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Campaigns of Jamal ad-Din Flag of Adal Sultanate.svg Ifat Sultanate Ethiopian Pennants.svg Ethiopian Empire Victory
  • Weaking of the Ethiopian Empire
  • Adalite conquest of Eastern Ethiopia
  • Ethiopians Abandon Bali

Adal Sultanate (1415–1577)

ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Ethiopian–Adal War
(1529-1543)
Flag of Adal Sultanate.svg Adal Sultanate
Flag of Ottoman Empire (1517-1793).svg Ottoman Empire (1542–43)
Ethiopian Pennants.svg Ethiopian Empire
Flag of Portugal (1521).svg Portuguese Empire (1541–43)
Stalemate

Sultanate of Adal (1550–1577)

ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Nech Sar
(1559)
Flag of Adal Sultanate.svg Adal Sultanate

Ethiopian Pennants.svg Ethiopian Empire

Victory

Somali Portoguese Conflicts


ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Somali–Portuguese conflicts Flag of Adal Sultanate.svg Adal Sultanate Flag of Portugal (1521).svg Portuguese Empire Victory

Ottoman-Ethiopian War (1557–1589)

ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Ottoman–Ethiopian War (1557–1589) Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1453-1517).svg Ottoman Empire

Flag of Egypt (1844-1867).svg Ottoman Egypt Medri Bahri
Flag of Adal Sultanate.svg Adal Sultanate

Ethiopian Pennants.svg Ethiopian Empire
  • Peace treaty
  • Ethiopian victory in the highlands
  • Ottoman victory in the coastline
  • Decline and dissolution of the Adal Sultanate
  • Establishment of Habesh Eyalet in Hergigo and Massawa
  • The establishment of Ottoman Zeila

daudismacil isaaq Sultanate (1750–1884)

ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Battle of Lafaruug (1749)

Isaaq Flag.svg Isaaq Sultanate

Absame tribes
Ogaden tribes
Victory
  • Establishment of the Isaaq Sultanate
  • Isaaq expansion into southern Saaxil and parts of Maroodi Jeex

Battle of berbera (1827)

ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Battle of Berbera
(1827)

Isaaq Flag.svg Isaaq Sultanate

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg  East India Company
Defeat

Blocade of berbera (1855–1856)

ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Blocade of berbera

Isaaq Flag.svg Isaaq Sultanate

British empire Resolved by treaty
  • the dangers and the costs put off new British expeditions in the region until the 1880s


Battle of zeila (1841)

ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
battle of zeila 1841 Isaaq Flag.svg Isaaq Sultanate Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg Ottoman Empire Victory




Egyptian occupation of the isaaq Sultanate (1873-1884)

ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Egyptian occupation Isaaq Flag.svg Isaaq Sultanate Flag of Egypt (1882-1922).svg Khedivate of Egypt Defeat





Dervish State (1899–1920)

ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Somaliland Campaign
(1900–1920)
Supported by:
[8] [9]
Defeat

Isaaq Tribe of Somaliland

ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Burao tax revolt
(1922)

Isaaq Flag.svg Isaaq Sultanate

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Victory
  • Captain Allan Gibb killed
  • Protectorate Tax Policy abandoned
  • Burao destroyed after Royal Air Force firebombing

Italian conquest of British Somaliland (1884–1960)

ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Italian conquest of British Somaliland
(1940)
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg British Empire

Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg  Italy

Defeat

Operation Appearance (1941)

ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Operation Appearance
(1941)

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom

Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg  Italy

Victory

East African campaign (WWII)

ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
East African campaign
(1940-1941)
Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974).svg Ethiopian Arbegnoch
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium

Flag of Free France (1940-1944).svg Free France

Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg  Italy

Victory

Somali Republic (1960–1969)

ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Shifta War
(1963–1967)
Northern Frontier Districts Liberation Movement

Supported by:
Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union

Flag of Kenya (1921-1963).svg Kenya Colony (until Dec. 1963)
Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya (from Dec. 1963)
Supported by:
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974).svg Ethiopian Empire [10]
Ceasefire

1964 Ethiopian-Somali Border War

ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
First Ogaden War
(1964)
Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia
Supported by:
Flag of the United Arab Republic.svg Egypt [11] [12]
Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974).svg Ethiopia
Supported by:
Flag of the United States.svg United States [13]
Stalemate

Somali Democratic Republic (1969–1991)

ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Second Ogaden War
(1977-1978)
Defeat

Somali National Movement (1981-1991)

ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Somaliland War of Independence
(1981–1991)

Flag of the Somali National Movement.svg SNM
Supported by:
Flag of Ethiopia (1975-1987).svg Ethiopia (1981-1986) [17] [18]

Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia

Supported by:
Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti [19] [20]
Flag of the United States.svg United States (1981-1988) [21] [22] [23]
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia [23]
Flag of Libya (1977-2011).svg Libya (1988-1991) [23] [24]
Flag of South Africa (1928-1982).svg South Africa (1984-1991) [24]

Victory

Republic of Somaliland (1991-Present)

ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Result
Puntland–Somaliland dispute
(1998–present)

Flag of Somaliland.svg Somaliland

Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia


Flag of Puntland.svg Puntland

Ongoing
Las Anod conflict (2023–present)

Flag of Somaliland.svg Somaliland

Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia [25]

Ongoing

See also

Notes

  1. 18 August 1940 – 8 April 1941

References

  1. Gikes, Patrick (2002). "Wars in the Horn of Africa and the dismantling of the Somali State". African Studies. 2. University of Lisbon: 89–102. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  2. Henze, Paul B. (2000). Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia. Hurst & Company. p. 89. ISBN   1-85065-522-7.
  3. Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia By David Hamilton Shinn, Thomas P. Ofcansky, Chris Prouty p. 171
  4. Abir, Mordechai. Ethiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2013, p.134
  5. Beyene, Solomon Gebreyes (2016). The Chronicle of King Gälawdewos (1540-1559): A Critical Edition with Annotated Translation. Universität Hamburg. p. 32. Afterwards, the revival of the Muslim sultanate of ʿAdal under its new leader Nūr b. Muǧāḥid who succeeded to control the southern part of the Christian empire is discussed
  6. Conzelman, William Eliot (1895). Chronique de Galâwdêwos (Claudius), roi d'Ethiopie: Texte éthiopien (in Amharic). E. Bouillon. pp. 95–97.
  7. Beyene, Solomon Gebreyes (2016). The Chronicle of King Gälawdewos (1540-1559): A Critical Edition with Annotated Translation. Universität Hamburg. pp. 123–126.
  8. "How Ethiopian prince scuppered Germany's WW1 plans". BBC News. 25 September 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  9. Zaccaria 2021.
  10. Behr 2018, p. 148.
  11. Mekonnen, Teferi (2018). "The Nile issue and the Somali-Ethiopian wars (1960s–78)". Annales d'Éthiopie. 32: 271–291. doi:10.3406/ethio.2018.1657.
  12. Thanoun, Ahmed Tahsin; Abd, Ahmed Hussein (2020). "Egypt's Position on the Somali – Ethiopian Conflict in 1964". Journal of Al-Farahidi's Arts (in Arabic). 12 (40). University of Tikrit: 177–189.
  13. Lefebvre, Jeffrey (1998). "The United States, Ethiopia and the 1963 Somali-Soviet Arms Deal: Containment and the Balance of Power Dilemma in the Horn of Africa" . The Journal of Modern African Studies. 36 (4): 611–643. doi:10.1017/S0022278X98002870. JSTOR   161927. S2CID   154644957.
  14. Urban, Mark (1983). "Soviet intervention and the Ogaden counter-offensive of 1978" . The RUSI Journal. 128 (2): 42–46. doi:10.1080/03071848308523524. ISSN   0307-1847. Soviet advisers fulfilled a number of roles, although the majority were involved in training and headquarters duties. Others flew combat missions in the MiGs and helicopters.
  15. "Ogaden Area recaptured by Ethiopian Forces with Soviet and Cuban Support – International Ramifications of Ethiopian-Somali Conflict – Incipient Soviet and Cuban Involvement in Ethiopian Warfare against Eritrean Secessionists – Political Assassinations inside Ethiopia". Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives). 1 May 1978. Archived from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  16. Gorman 1981, p. 208.
  17. Cohen, Robin (2 November 1995). The Cambridge Survey of World Migration . Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-44405-7. in return for depriving the snm of its.
  18. Cordesman, Anthony H. (6 October 2016). After The Storm: The Changing Military Balance in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN   978-1-4742-9257-3.
  19. Nelson, Elizabeth A. (2021-09-14). Regional Politics and State Secession. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 102. ISBN   978-1-83910-377-3.
  20. Gurdon, Charles (1996). "The Horn of Africa" . Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 59 (1): 63. doi:10.1017/S0041977X0002927X. ISSN   1474-0699.
  21. Ingiriis, Mohamed (1 April 2016). The Suicidal State in Somalia: The Rise and Fall of the Siad Barre Regime, 1969–1991. United States: University Press of America. pp. 147–150. ISBN   978-0-7618-6719-7 via Google Books.
  22. Einashe, Ismail (October 22, 2018). "In the Valley of Death: Somaliland's Forgotten Genocide". The Nation .
  23. 1 2 3 Copson, Raymond W. (1994). Africa's Wars and Prospects for Peace. M. E. Sharpe. pp. 139–141. ISBN   9781563243004.
  24. 1 2 Metz, Country Studies, 1993, 213-214
  25. Jama (2023-10-19). "Somali government makes a strategic move by recognizing SSC-Khaatumo". The Somali Digest | Somali News in English. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  26. Staff, Horseed (2023-08-25). "Somalia: SSC forces Capture Somaliland's Goojacade military Base". Horseed Media. Archived from the original on 2023-08-26. Retrieved 2023-08-26.
  27. Taylor, Liam (29 August 2024). "Inside Somaliland, the state eager to become the world's next country" . The Economist . ISSN   0013-0613 . Retrieved 2024-08-30.

Sources