List of wars involving Mali

Last updated

This is a list of wars involving the Republic of Mali .

Contents

ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Results
Tuareg Rebellion of 1962–1964
(1962–1964)
Flag of Mali.svg Mali Tuareg Tribal and Clan GroupsVictory
  • Rebellion suppressed
Agacher Strip War
(1985)
Flag of Mali.svg Mali Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso Victory
  • Division of Agacher
Tuareg Rebellion of 1990–1995
(1990–1995)
Flag of Mali.svg Mali
Flag of Niger.svg Niger
Ganda Koy
Arab Islamic Front of Azawad (FIAA)
Popular Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MPLA)
United Movements and Fronts of Azawad (MFUA)
Front for the Liberation of Aïr and Azaouak (FLAA)
Front for the Liberation of Tamoust (FLT)
CRA & ORA coalitions (1994–1995)
Stalemate
  • 1995 peace accords
Tuareg Rebellion of 2007–2009
(2007–2009)
Flag of Mali.svg Mali
Flag of Niger.svg Niger
ADC
ATMNC (2008 split)
Niger Movement for Justice
Front of Forces for Rectification (2008 split)
Niger Patriotic Front (2009 split)
Stalemate
  • Peace deals brokered by Mali in August 2008 and February 2009
  • Ceasefire and amnesty declared in Niger in May 2009
  • Integration of some rebels into the military
War in the Sahel
(2011–present)
Alliance of Sahel States

Flag of Benin.svg Benin
Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Togo [a]
Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast [b]
Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria [c]
Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania [d]


Supported by:
Flag of Russia.svg Africa Corps (since 2021) [5] [e]
Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey (since 2022) [7]
Flag of France.svg France (2013-2023) [8]
Flag of the United States.svg United States (until 2024) [9]
Flag of the United Nations.svg MINUSMA (2013-2023) [f]
Flag of the United Nations.svg AFISMA (2012-2013)
G5 Sahel (until 2023)



FLA Flag.svg Azawad Liberation Front [15]


Nigerien anti-coup movement:

Former belligerents:
Ongoing
Tuareg Rebellion of 2012
(2012)
Flag of Mali.svg Mali
Flag of the Arab Movement of Azawad.svg FLNA
Bandera Provincia Carchi.svg Ganda Iso
MNLA flag.svg Azawad
Flag of Jihad.svg Ansar Dine
Flag of Jihad.svg MOJWA
Defeat
Mali War
(2012–present)
Flag of Mali.svg Mali
Flag of France.svg France
Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey
Flag of Chad.svg Chad
Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria
MNLA flag.svg Azawad
Flag of Jihad.svg Ansar Dine
Flag of Jihad.svg AQIM
Ongoing
  • Partial defeat of the Islamists and ceasefire with the MNLA

See also

References

  1. "The jihadist threat in northern Ghana and Togo" (PDF). Konrad Adenauer Stiftung. 2024. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
  2. "Keeping Jihadists out of Northern Cote d'Ivoire". Crisis Group. 11 August 2023. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
  3. "The fading of Algeria's star in the Sahel region". Le Monde. 14 January 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
  4. "How has Mauritania managed to stave off terror attacks?". ISS. 6 December 2019. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
  5. "Russia in Africa: Private Military Proxies in the Sahel". Georgetown Journal of International Affairs. 7 March 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
  6. "How the Wagner Group is Aggravating the Jihadi Threat in the Sahel". CTC West Point. December 2022. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
  7. "Turkey's Return to Africa". FPRI. 10 March 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
  8. "How France Failed Mali: The End of Operation Barkhane". Harvard International Review. 23 January 2023. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
  9. "The U.S. is in retreat in a crucial part of the world". Washington Post. 24 April 2024. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
  10. "Local Drivers of Violent Extremism in Central Mali" (PDF). UNDP. 2019. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
  11. "The Shifting Front of Militant Islamist Violence in the Sahel". ACSS. 7 April 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
  12. "Ansarul Islam". ECFR. 2019. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
  13. "'No room for dialogue': How abuses by Niger's foreign-funded army derail its anti-jihadist fight". The New Humanitarian. November 30, 2021.
  14. "Everything We Know About Lakurawa, the New Terrorist Group in Nigeria". 9 November 2024.
  15. "Can Azawad Liberation Front push Mali and Russian 'invaders' out?". The Africa Report. 5 February 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
  16. "Insecurity in Niger in the wake of the junta's rise to power". IPIS. 3 December 2024. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
  17. "Former Niger minister launches movement to overthrow junta". The Africa Report. 27 September 2024. Retrieved 2025-04-30.
  18. "Mali's Azawad movements unite in a bid to pressure the ruling junta". Africanews. 9 February 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-13.
  19. "Tuaregs from Northern Mali call for the 'fall of the junta'". RFI. 20 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  20. "Niger rebels fighting for ousted president's release hand over weapons". VOA. 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-30.

Notes

  1. JNIM has had a small presence in northern Togo since 2021, with several attacks carried out since then. [1]
  2. Jihadist groups have little to no presence on Ivorian soil, but have occasionally launched attacks along the Burkinabe-Ivorian border since 2019. AQIM attacked Grand-Bassam in 2016 as well. [2]
  3. No jihadist groups are active on Algerian soil, although the country has been attacked several times in the early days of the Mali War by jihadist groups. Currently, diplomatic relations between the AES states and Algeria are bad due to Algeria allowing FLA rebels on their soil. [3]
  4. The Mauritanian government currently has a non-aggression pact with JNIM-aligned jihadists, and has not had an attack by jihadist groups on its soil since 2011. Small JNIM cells are present along the Malian border. [4]
  5. Previously Wagner Group, since renamed Africa Corps and absorbed by Russian government. [6]
  6. For full list of MINUSMA combatants, see here
  7. Faction affiliated with the CSP-PSD