Liverpool City Centre

Liverpool city centre
Liverpool city centre
	; Aerial view of Liverpool city centre
	Liverpool city centre Liverpool city centre shown within Merseyside
Metropolitan borough	City of Liverpool ;
Metropolitan county	Merseyside ;
Region	North West ;
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	LIVERPOOL
Postcode district	L1,2,3,6,7,8
Dialling code	0151
Police	Merseyside
Fire	Merseyside
Ambulance	North West
EU Parliament	North West England
UK Parliament	Liverpool Riverside ;
	List of places UK England Merseyside 53°24′25″N2°59′29″W / 53.4070°N 2.9915°W Coordinates: 53°24′25″N2°59′29″W / 53.4070°N 2.9915°W

Last updated April 20, 2019

Liverpool city centre is the commercial, cultural, financial and historical centre of Liverpool, England.

Liverpool City and Metropolitan borough in England

Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in North West England, with an estimated population of 491,500. Its metropolitan area is the fifth-largest in the UK, with a population of 2.24 million in 2011. The local authority is Liverpool City Council, the most populous local government district in the metropolitan county of Merseyside and the largest in the Liverpool City Region.

Liverpool was granted borough status in 1207, and the original seven streets of the settlement can now be found within the commercial district of Liverpool city centre. Many of Liverpool's most famous landmarks are located in the city centre and in 2006 Liverpool was visited by 625,000 international visitors alone, making it the fourth most visited city in the United Kingdom.^[3] Six areas within Liverpool city Centre form the Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City which is a UNESCO designated World Heritage Site.

The Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City is a UNESCO designated World Heritage Site in Liverpool, England. It comprises six locations in the city centre of Liverpool including the Pier Head, Albert Dock and William Brown Street, and includes many of the city's most famous landmarks.

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris. Its declared purpose is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through educational, scientific, and cultural reforms in order to increase universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and human rights along with fundamental freedom proclaimed in the United Nations Charter. It is the successor of the League of Nations' International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation.

Liverpool city centre is one of the most architecturally significant locations in the country. Examples of architecture in Liverpool city centre include Liverpool Cathedral,^[4] St. George's Hall,^[5] the Royal Liver Building, Oriel Chambers, the world's first metal framed glass curtain walled building, and West Tower.^[6]

Liverpool Cathedral is the Church of England Cathedral of the Diocese of Liverpool, built on St James's Mount in Liverpool and is the seat of the Bishop of Liverpool. It may be referred to as the Cathedral Church of Christ in Liverpool or the Cathedral Church of the Risen Christ, Liverpool, being dedicated to Christ 'in especial remembrance of his most glorious Resurrection'. Liverpool Cathedral is the largest cathedral and religious building in Britain.

The Royal Liver Building is a Grade I listed building in Liverpool, England. It is located at the Pier Head and along with the neighbouring Cunard Building and Port of Liverpool Building is one of Liverpool's Three Graces, which line the city's waterfront. It is also part of Liverpool's UNESCO-designated World Heritage Maritime Mercantile City.

Oriel Chambers is the world's first building featuring a metal framed glass curtain wall. Designed by architect Peter Ellis and built in 1864, it is located on Water Street near the town hall in Liverpool, England. Due to its outstanding importance, it has been grade I listed.

Map

Map of Liverpool City Centre.

Areas

Areas within Liverpool city centre are distinctive areas that define the centre of Liverpool, which are not to be confused with trendy and modern business terms and definitions.

Canning

Canning is an alternative name for the elegant and mainly Georgian collection of terraced streets at the edge of the city centre, often referred to as the "Georgian Quarter".

Canning is an area on the borders of Toxteth and Liverpool city centre, England. It has no formal definition but is generally agreed to be bounded to the south by Upper Parliament Street, to the east by Grove Street, to the north by Myrtle Street and to the west by Hope Street.

Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I, George II, George III, and George IV—who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In the United States the term "Georgian" is generally used to describe all buildings from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are "architectural in intention", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range.

Cavern Quarter

Including the Mathew Street area.

Central Retail Area

Centred on Church Street and Lord Street, this area contains many shops and restaurants.

Chinatown

The Chinatown in Liverpool city centre is home to the oldest Chinese community in Europe,^[7] dating back to the 19th century. Chinese are now the largest visible ethnic minority group in the city numbering up to 30,000.^[8] Numerous Chinese-owned supermarkets, restaurants and community groups are spread across Liverpool's Chinatown. The Liverpool Chinese Gospel Church and the Liverpool Chinese Christian Disciples Church are also located within the area. The arch located at the gateway to Chinatown, Liverpool is also the largest of its kind outside of China.^[9]

Chinatown is an area of Liverpool that is an ethnic enclave home to the oldest Chinese community in Europe. Located in the south of the city centre, Chinatown has many Chinese businesses, such as Chinese restaurants and supermarkets, and facilities for the Chinese community. The area is also notable for its Chinese-style architecture; with the paifang on Nelson Street being the largest, multiple-span arch of its kind outside China.

The Han Chinese, Hanzu, Han people, are an East Asian ethnic group and nation native to China. They constitute the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 18% of the global population. The estimated 1.3 billion Han Chinese people are mostly concentrated in mainland China and in Taiwan. Han Chinese people also make up three quarters of the total population of Singapore.

Commercial District

Liverpool's "commercial district" is a term given by business to distinguish Liverpool's business and commercial centre from the rest of the city centre.

It is centred on Old Hall Street and is the financial heart of Liverpool. Many businesses and companies have a strong presence in the area. Since the mid-2000s many new building and redevelopment projects have taken place in the commercial district, which is now home to some of the tallest buildings in North West England. Some notable properties within the commercial district include the headquarters of the Post & Echo and offices of Unisys, HM Passport Office, BT and Maersk Line. With 36,000 m² (390,000 sq ft) of floor space, New Hall Place is the largest office building in Liverpool, The Plaza is another large office building in the commercial district which is occupied by a number of different companies. The table below shows the tallest buildings within the commercial district (excluding buildings in neighbouring Prince's Dock or Pier Head – a more detailed list of the tallest buildings and structures in the remainder of Liverpool city centre can be seen here).

Rank	Name (Alternate Names)	Height m (ft)	Floors	Year	Coordinates
1	West Tower (Beetham West Tower)	140 (459)	01.040	2008	53°24′36″N2°59′48″W / 53.40987°N 2.99668°W / 53.40987; -2.99668
2	Beetham Tower	90 (295)	16.027	2004	53°24′36″N2°59′49″W / 53.410°N 2.997°W / 53.410; -2.997
3	Unity Residential	86 (282)	27	2007	53°24′27″N2°59′42″W / 53.407478°N 2.995120°W / 53.407478; -2.995120
4	New Hall Place (The Capital, Royal & SunAlliance Building)	76 (249)	13	1974	53°24′33″N2°59′41″W / 53.409189°N 2.994693°W / 53.409189; -2.994693
5	Metropolitan House (City Tower, Post & Echo Building)	73 (240)	18	1974	53°24′34″N2°59′40″W / 53.409505°N 2.994565°W / 53.409505; -2.994565
6	Unity Commercial	64 (210)	16	2007	53°24′27″N2°59′42″W / 53.407478°N 2.995120°W / 53.407478; -2.995120
7	The Plaza (Sir John Moores Building)	65 (213)	18	1965	53°24′39″N2°59′41″W / 53.410915°N 2.994734°W / 53.410915; -2.994734
8	Silkhouse Court	50 (165)	15		53°24′31″N2°59′30″W / 53.408624°N 2.991682°W / 53.408624; -2.991682

Cultural Quarter

William Brown Street

William Brown Street is adjacent to St George's Hall and St John's Garden, close to Lime Street Station. It is a short pedestrianised street featuring several significant buildings constructed in the latter half of the 19th century. The Library and Museum was designed by John Weightman (1857–60), to its east the Walker Art Gallery and Picton Reading Room built in the 1870s, the County Sessions House built in the 1890s. In front of them stands the Nelson Column, erected 1861-1863.

Hope Street

Hope Street and its immediate vicinity is notable for a number of reasons. The street connects Liverpool's two cathedrals; Liverpool Cathedral and Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral as well as being home to a large part of the University of Liverpool's main campus. Other sites of interest on or near Hope Street include the Everyman Theatre, Unity Theatre and Liverpool Philharmonic Hall.

Islington

A district on the eastern edge of Liverpool City Centre including the streets bounded by New Islington, London Road, Pembroke Place and Moss Street. A 15-year masterplan has been created for the area with plans to transform up to 1.5m square metres of land with hotels, offices, high-quality student accommodation and new homes for ‘key workers' such as nurses and doctors.^[10]^[11]

Independent shops, clubs, restaurants and bars.

Stanley Street Quarter

Home to the Liverpool Gay Quarter around Stanley Street.

Waterfront

Kings Dock

Kings Dock has been vastly redeveloped over recent years, and the former dock has now been filled in. The 11,000 capacity Echo Arena is now sited on what was King's Dock as well as a number of new apartment buildings and hotels.

Pier Head and Mann Island

Pier Head is one of Liverpool's most famous locations, it is home to the 'Three Graces' which have dominated the city's skyline for over a century (they are the Royal Liver Building, the Cunard Building and the Port of Liverpool Building). The Three Graces are not the only buildings located at Pier Head, the Memorial to the Engine Room Heroes of the Titanic is also sited here alongside the Pier Head Ferry Terminal and Queensway Tunnel Ventilation Shaft. Pier Head is bordered to the north by Prince's Dock and to the south by Mann Island. Mann Island is another section of the Liverpool waterfront which has seen significant regeneration over recent years, the Museum of Liverpool and the Mann Island Buildings are both under-construction as of September 2010.

Prince's Dock

The Prince's Dock is located to the north of the Pier Head and the Three Graces which is now the home of the Liverpool Cruise Terminal where turnaround cruises arrive and depart. The land surrounding Prince's Dock is the subject of major redevelopment and could be part of the very ambitious Liverpool Waters Scheme.

Architecture

Culture

In 2008 Liverpool was the European Capital of Culture, therefore becoming the first city in England to be awarded the title. The cultural history of the city was celebrated throughout the year and Liverpool city centre saw an influx of tourists to its museums, art galleries and visitor attractions in general. 2008 also saw large scale regeneration with the completion of numerous skyscrapers in the Commercial District as well as the opening of Liverpool One and the Echo Arena. Possibly one of Liverpool's most famous annual events is the Mathew Street Music Festival which takes place every August in various locations throughout Liverpool city centre. As the name suggests, the festival is focused on Mathew Street – a location made famous by The Beatles where they performed on numerous occasions in The Cavern Club. There are numerous music venues throughout the city, the largest being the Echo Arena which has held host to many of the world's top musical acts as well as the MTV Europe Music Awards 2008 and the MOBO Awards 2010.

Liverpool city centre has a significant number of museums and art galleries, many being owned by National Museums Liverpool. World Museum Liverpool is the largest and most diverse of the museums and can be found on William Brown Street, adjacent to the World Museum is the William Brown Library and Museum and Walker Art Gallery. The Merseyside Maritime Museum, International Slavery Museum and Tate Liverpool are all located within the Albert Dock complex. Other museums located within Liverpool city centre include the National Conservation Centre and Museum of Liverpool which is set to open in 2011 on Mann Island to replace the Museum of Liverpool Life.

Nightlife

Liverpool city centre is noted for its vibrant and diverse nightlife. There are a number of different areas within the city centre that include large concentrations of bars, pubs and nightclubs. They include: Albert Dock/ Water Street, Concert Square, the Stanley Street (Gay) Quarter, Hardman Street/ Hope Street and Mathew Street.

Numerous exclusive bars can be found around the Albert Dock and Pier Head, whilst Concert Square, a popular destination for students and young adults, contains no fewer than thirty of the city's largest nightclubs. The Cavern Club, which was made famous by The Beatles, is situated in the 'Cavern Quarter' in and around Mathew Street. A large number of LGBT-friendly bars can be found in the Stanley Street Quarter, which was officially recognised as the city's 'Gay Quarter' in 2011. The clubbing mecca that is Nation (home of the Cream brand) is also a highly popular nightclub in Liverpool city centre. Amongst Liverpool's most famous nightclubs are Alma de Cuba, Baa Bar, BamBooo, Hope & Anchor, Bumper, The Camel Club, Circo, Envi, Flares, Garlands, Heaven, Heebie Jeebies, Holy Joes, Igloo, Koco, Korova, The Krazyhouse, Le Bateau, Popworld, The Magnet, The Masque, Modo, Mood, Newz Bar, Passion, Walkabout and Zanzibar.

Retail

The retail industry is a vital component in the economy of Liverpool city centre, and in 2009 Liverpool ranked nationally as the fifth most popular retail destination.^[12] Liverpool's main shopping area consists of numerous streets and shopping centres. Amongst the larger predominantly retail orientated streets in Liverpool city centre are Church Street, Lord Street, Bold Street and Mathew Street. Liverpool One opened fully in October 2008 being the redevelopment of a large part of the postcode area L1—hence the name. It is also partly built on the old Chavasse Park, but much of the park still remains. Previous to the opening of the Liverpool One complex, St. John's Shopping Centre was the largest shopping centre in Liverpool, it still remains the largest covered shopping centre in the city. Clayton Square Shopping Centre is also located in the very centre of the city as is Metquarter, an upmarket shopping centre consisting primarily of boutique stores (such as Armani Exchange, Diesel, Flannels, Hugo Boss and Tommy Hilfiger), it opened in 2006. Another ambitious retail project for Liverpool city centre was also approved for construction in 2010, Central Village will be built around Liverpool Central station and Lewis's Department Store. The largest Primark store in the world can be found on Church Street, whilst Liverpool One is anchored by two large John Lewis and Debenhams stores alongside the largest Topshop outside London. In 2011 Liverpool City Centre was ranked as the second most attractive retail destinations. More recent, notable additions to Liverpool's retail offer include the flagship Forever 21 store on Whitechapel, opposite largest Store & Spa in the world owned by handmade cosmetics company Lush.

Transport

Liverpool Lime Street railway station is the mainline railway terminus in Liverpool city centre providing direct connections to many points in Great Britain. Liverpool is home a commuter rail network with four underground stations. Liverpool Central station and Moorfields station have platforms that serve both the Merseyrail Northern and Wirral Lines, while Lime Street underground and James Street station are located on the Wirral Line. The Lime Street mainline station also provides local services on the Merseyrail City Line.

Over three and a quarter miles of disused rail tunnels lie under the city centre, ready for reuse if necessary.

Numerous A roads lead into Liverpool city centre including the A5036, A5047, A5052, A5053, A562, A565, A580 and the A59. The Kingsway Tunnel and Queensway Tunnel, which are both toll roads, run under the River Mersey connecting Liverpool city centre to Wallasey and Birkenhead respectively. There are numerous bus stops and stations across Liverpool city centre, however the main interchanges are Queen Square bus station and Liverpool One bus station which are managed by Merseytravel, and are served primarily by Arriva North West and Stagecoach Merseyside. There are services to all corners of the city and as far afield as Chester and Preston.

Such companies as the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company, P&O and Norfolkline operate out of the Port of Liverpool which is within the city centre adjacent to the River Mersey. These companies run daily ferry services to Dublin, Belfast and the Isle of Man. The Mersey Ferry operates between the Pier Head and the Wirral. The only major forms of transport not readily available in Liverpool city centre are via trams and air, although trains and buses link Liverpool city centre to Liverpool John Lennon Airport in Speke.

Universities

Two of Liverpool's three universities are located within Liverpool city centre – the University of Liverpool and Liverpool John Moores University. Combined they have a student population of over 45,000. The University of Liverpool is largely sited around Mount Pleasant, some of the buildings possessed by the University of Liverpool in Liverpool city centre include the Harold Cohen Library, the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, the Liverpool Guild of Students and the Victoria Building. Liverpool John Moores University has two campuses in Liverpool city centre, one at Byrom Street and one at Mount Pleasant also. The Liverpool Business School, Liverpool College of Art and Liverpool Students' Union are all part of LJMU.

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References

↑ "Liverpool city centre flats supply in spotlight as population reaches 36,000". Liverpool Daily Post. 2012-10-25. Retrieved 2012-10-25.
↑ "City centres should stay 'young, free and single'". Centre for Cities. Retrieved 2012-04-18.
↑ "Top 150 City Destinations: London Leads the Way". Euromoniter International. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
↑ "About: The Cathedral". Liverpool Cathedral. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
↑ Tytler, Sarah (1885). Life of Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen, Vol II.
↑ "Tallest free-standing structures in the UK". Skyscrapernews. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
↑ "Liverpool Chinatown Museum". Dimsum. Archived from the original on 19 November 2008. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
↑ "China Mapping Exercise" (PDF). International Organization for Migration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
↑ "Chinese Arch". Visit Liverpool. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
↑ "15-year masterplan for regeneration of Liverpool's Islington gateway". Liverpool Echo. 4 October 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
↑ "Downing looks to kick-start Islington regeneration with £70m plan". Liverpool Daily Post. 21 November 2013. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
↑ "Liverpool's retail therapy pays off". London: The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 1 June 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2010.

External links

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[1] "Liverpool city centre flats supply in spotlight as population reaches 36,000". Liverpool Daily Post. 2012-10-25. Retrieved 2012-10-25.

[2] "City centres should stay 'young, free and single'". Centre for Cities. Retrieved 2012-04-18.

[MostVisitedCities-3] "Top 150 City Destinations: London Leads the Way". Euromoniter International. Retrieved 14 September 2010.

[Livcathedral-4] "About: The Cathedral". Liverpool Cathedral. Retrieved 27 September 2010.

[5] Tytler, Sarah (1885). Life of Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen, Vol II.

[Westtallest-6] "Tallest free-standing structures in the UK". Skyscrapernews. Retrieved 27 September 2010.

[7] "Liverpool Chinatown Museum". Dimsum. Archived from the original on 19 November 2008. Retrieved 15 September 2010.

[IOMChinese-8] "China Mapping Exercise" (PDF). International Organization for Migration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2010.

[9] "Chinese Arch". Visit Liverpool. Retrieved 15 September 2010.

[10] "15-year masterplan for regeneration of Liverpool's Islington gateway". Liverpool Echo. 4 October 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2014.

[11] "Downing looks to kick-start Islington regeneration with £70m plan". Liverpool Daily Post. 21 November 2013. Retrieved 13 April 2014.

[Shopping-12] "Liverpool's retail therapy pays off". London: The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 1 June 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2010.

v t e Districts and Wards of the City of Liverpool
Districts	Aigburth Allerton Anfield Belle Vale Broadgreen Canning Childwall Chinatown City Centre Clubmoor Croxteth Dingle Dovecot Edge Hill Everton Fairfield Fazakerley Garston Gateacre Gillmoss Grassendale Hunt's Cross Kensington Kirkdale Knotty Ash Mossley Hill Netherley Norris Green Old Swan Orrell Park St Michael's Hamlet Speke Stoneycroft Toxteth Tuebrook Vauxhall Walton Wavertree West Derby Woolton
Wards	Allerton and Hunt's Cross Anfield Belle Vale Central Childwall Church Clubmoor County Cressington Croxteth Everton Fazakerley Greenbank Kensington and Fairfield Kirkdale Knotty Ash Mossley Hill Norris Green Old Swan Picton Princes Park Riverside Speke-Garston St Michael's Tuebrook and Stoneycroft Warbreck Wavertree West Derby Woolton Yew Tree
Defunct wards	Abercromby Arundel Breckfield Brunswick Castle Street Dovecot Exchange Granby Great George Lime Street Little Woolton Low Hill Melrose Much Woolton Netherfield North Toxteth Pirrie Pitt Street Rodney Street St. Anne Street St. Domingo St. James' St. Mary's St. Paul's St. Peter's Sandhills Scotland Sefton Park Smithdown South Toxteth Vauxhall Westminster

Liverpool city centre
Aerial view of Liverpool city centre
Liverpool city centre Liverpool city centre shown within Merseyside
Metropolitan borough	City of Liverpool
Metropolitan county	Merseyside
Region	North West
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	LIVERPOOL
Postcode district	L1,2,3,6,7,8
Dialling code	0151

Police	Merseyside
Fire	Merseyside
Ambulance	North West

EU Parliament	North West England
UK Parliament	Liverpool Riverside
List of places UK England Merseyside 53°24′25″N2°59′29″W / 53.4070°N 2.9915°W / 53.4070; -2.9915 Coordinates: 53°24′25″N2°59′29″W / 53.4070°N 2.9915°W / 53.4070; -2.9915