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The Cherokee people are one of the Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands of the United States. Prior to the 18th century,they were concentrated in their homelands,in towns along river valleys of what is now southwestern North Carolina,southeastern Tennessee,southwestern Virginia,edges of western South Carolina,northern Georgia and northeastern Alabama consisting of around 40,000 square miles.
Swain County is a county located on the far western border of the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census,the population was 14,117. Its county seat is Bryson City.
Cherokee is a census-designated place (CDP) in Swain and Jackson counties in Western North Carolina,United States,within the Qualla Boundary land trust. Cherokee is located in the Oconaluftee River Valley around the intersection of U.S. Routes 19 and 441. As of the 2020 census,the CDP had a population of 2,195. It is the capital of the federally recognized Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians,one of three recognized Cherokee tribes and the only one in North Carolina.
The Qualla Boundary or The Qualla is territory held as a land trust by the United States government for the federally recognized Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI),who reside in Western North Carolina. The area is part of the large historic Cherokee territory in the Southeast,which extended into eastern Tennessee,western South Carolina,northern Georgia,and Alabama. Currently,the largest contiguous portion of the Qualla lies in Haywood,Swain,and Jackson counties and is centered on the community of Cherokee,which serves as the tribal capital of the EBCI. Smaller,non-contiguous parcels also lie in Graham and Cherokee counties,near the communities of Snowbird and Murphy,respectively.
The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI),is a federally recognized Indian tribe based in western North Carolina in the United States. They are descended from the small group of 800–1,000 Cherokees who remained in the Eastern United States after the U.S. military,under the Indian Removal Act,moved the other 15,000 Cherokees to west of the Mississippi River in the late 1830s,to Indian Territory. Those Cherokees remaining in the east were to give up tribal Cherokee citizenship and to assimilate. They became U.S. citizens.
The Cherokee Nation,formerly known as the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma,is the largest of three federally recognized tribes of Cherokees in the United States. It includes people descended from members of the Old Cherokee Nation who relocated,due to increasing pressure,from the Southeast to Indian Territory and Cherokees who were forced to relocate on the Trail of Tears. The tribe also includes descendants of Cherokee Freedmen and Natchez Nation. As of 2024,over 466,000 people were enrolled in the Cherokee Nation.
William Potter Ross,also known as Will Ross,was the Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation 1866-1867 and 1872-1875. Born to a Scottish father and a mixed-blood Cherokee mother,he was raised in a bilingual home. Ross attended English-speaking schools. He attended Princeton University,where he graduated first in his class in 1844.
Yonaguska,who was known as Drowning Bear,was a leader among the Cherokee of the Lower Towns of North Carolina.
William Holland Thomas was an American merchant,lawyer,politician and soldier.
Nikwasi comes from the Cherokee word for "star",ᏃꮘꮟNoquisi (No-kwee-shee),and is the site of the Cherokee town which is first found in colonial records in the early 18th century,but is much older. The town covered about 100 acres (40 ha) on the floodplain of the Little Tennessee River. Franklin,North Carolina,was later developed by European Americans around this site.
The Cherokee Nation was a legal,autonomous,tribal government in North America recognized from 1794 to 1907. It was often referred to simply as "The Nation" by its inhabitants. The government was effectively disbanded in 1907,after its land rights had been extinguished,prior to the admission of Oklahoma as a state. During the late 20th century,the Cherokee people reorganized,instituting a government with sovereign jurisdiction known as the Cherokee Nation. On July 9,2020,the United States Supreme Court ruled that the Muscogee (Creek) Nation had never been disestablished in the years before allotment and Oklahoma Statehood.
Cherokee Preservation Foundation is an independent nonprofit foundation established in 2000 as part of the Tribal-State Compact amendment between the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI) and the State of North Carolina. The Foundation is funded by the EBCI from gaming revenues generated by the Tribe;it is not associated with any for-profit gaming entity and is a separately functioning organization independent of the Tribal government. It works to improve the quality of life of the EBCI and strengthen the western North Carolina region by balancing Cherokee ways with the pursuit of new opportunities.
Ravensford is an unincorporated community in Swain County,Western North Carolina. This is within the traditional homeland of the Cherokee people. In a survey and excavation project in the early 21st century,part of the community was found to have archeological resources that were thousands of years old,in addition to more recent historic materials related to the Cherokee people. In 1938,the US Government and state of North Carolina negotiated with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians to gain their agreement to transfer some of their land to enable construction of the Blue Ridge Parkway. In return,lands in Ravensford were transferred to their Qualla Boundary property.
Rowena Bradley (1922–2003) was an Eastern Band Cherokee basket maker from the United States. Bradley's work has been exhibited at Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual in Cherokee,North Carolina.
Patrick Henry Lambert is a Cherokee politician who served as the 27th Principal Chief of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians from 2015 to 2017. He also served as the Executive Director of the Cherokee Tribal Gaming Commission for over twenty years. Lambert was impeached on January 18,2017,and removed from office on May 25,2017.
Richard G. Sneed is a Cherokee politician who served as the 28th Principal Chief of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. Sneed succeeded former Principal Chief Patrick Lambert following Lambert's impeachment,only the second such impeachment since the 19th century.
The New Kituwah Academy,also known as the Atse Kituwah Academy,is a private bilingual Cherokee- and English-language immersion school for Cherokee students in kindergarten through sixth grade,located in Cherokee,North Carolina,in the Yellow Hill community of the Qualla Boundary. It is owned by the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI),and operated by the Kituwah Preservation and Education Program (KPEP).
Referendum Question #2,the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians Marijuana Legalization Measure,was a ballot measure in the US that was sent to voters on September 7,2023,by the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians Tribal Council. The proposal sought to legalize the recreational use of cannabis on tribal lands for those over the age of 21,and to require the EBCI Tribal Council to adopt legislation to regulate legal cannabis.
Salonitah,or Flying Squirrel,was the third Principal Chief of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians,from 1870 to 1875,and first chief elected under the new Cherokee constitution.
References
- 1 2 3 Donaldson, Thomas; Carrington, Henry B. (1892). "Eastern Band of Cherokees of North Carolina". United States Census. pp. 18–20. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- ↑ Conley, Robert J. (December 16, 2007). A Cherokee Encyclopedia. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 9780826339539.
- 1 2 "Death of Lloyd R. Welch". Asheville Citizen . July 29, 1880. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- ↑ "Lloyd Welch Constitution" (PDF). Western Carolina University . Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- ↑ Hill, Michael (2006). "Qualla Boundary". State Library of North Carolina . Retrieved August 17, 2024.