Malayan partridge

Last updated

Malayan partridge
Malaysian Partridge (Arborophila campbelli).jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Galliformes
Family: Phasianidae
Genus: Arborophila
Species:
A. campbelli
Binomial name
Arborophila campbelli
(Robinson, 1904)
Malayan-partridge-Aborophila-campbelli-rangemap.001.png
Synonyms

Arborophila orientalis campbelli

The Malayan partridge (Arborophila campbelli), also known as the Malay partridge, Malaysian partridge, Malay hill partridge or Campbell's partridge, is a bird species in the family Phasianidae. [2] [3] It is occasionally classified as a subspecies of the gray-breasted partridge, although most sources classify it as a separate monotypic species. [4] It is relatively reclusive, and is found throughout highland forest habitats in Peninsular Malaysia. [2] This bird primarily inhabits developed forests containing lush undergrowth, and is known to feed on fruits of rattan palms and the creeping plant Pratia begoniaefolia , along with termites and gastropods. [3] It exhibits mottled brown, black, gray and beige coloring, with distinctive white auricular patches. [5] Despite its decreasing population, the Malayan partridge is relatively unsusceptible to threats such as habitat loss, as its range largely consists of protected areas. [2] Therefore, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed it as "Least Concern."

Contents

Description

This bird is characterized by its mottled olive brown coloration and gray breast. The head is black with white bands, and the eyes are surrounded by red coloration. [5] The legs are often varying shades of red. [6] Most adults measure to about 28 centimeters (11 inches) in length. [3] Females are slightly smaller and possess duller coloration on the head and legs. Juveniles usually possess rufous coloration, with some barring on the breast. [6]

Taxonomy

The Malayan partridge was initially described by British zoologist and ornithologist Herbert Christopher Robinson in 1904, during an expedition to the Malay peninsula. [7] [8] His classification of this bird in the genus Arborophila stands to this day, although it has often been taxonomized as a subspecies of the gray-breasted partridge (Arborophila orientalis). [9] Arborophila rolli, A. sumatrana, A. javanica and A. brunneopectus were also previously labeled as conspecific with A. campbelli and A. orientalis. [10] This species is monotypic, and therefore consists of no further subspecies. [3]

Distribution and habitat

This partridge is found in certain areas of the Malay Peninsula. [11] It is known to reside in the countries of Malaysia and Thailand, and vagrancy has not been reported. [5] Migratory behaviors have not been reported, and this bird is presumed sedentary. It primarily resides in montane forests containing dense undergrowth, often occurring in the upper dipterocarp zone at around 1000–1600 meters (3,280–5,250 ft) in elevation. [2] [6]

Behavior

Malayan partridges feeding. Herbert Goodchild, 1905. Arborophila campbelli 1905.jpg
Malayan partridges feeding. Herbert Goodchild, 1905.

The Malayan partridge is relatively elusive, and as a result there is limited information regarding its behavioral qualities. However, it is known to forage on fruits of rattan palms and of the creeping plant Pratia begoniaefolia, along with termites and gastropods. [6] It is gregarious, and is often found foraging in pairs or small groups. [5] Based on data collected and the habits of other birds in the genus Arborophila, it is highly likely that this bird is diurnal. [12] Calls are a series of ringing whistles which transition into shorter series of around 12 disyllabic notes. The second call takes the form of a more abrupt "chip, chip" sound. [13] These calls may be heard year round. [6] When disturbed, it exhibits a weak but rapidly repeated "wit-wut" call. This partridge is sedentary, and there have been no recorded instances of migration or vagrancy. [6]

Few reports of this bird's breeding behavior have been released, and the breeding season is unspecified. However, eggs have been found at around the month of May. These eggs measure at around 42 mm x 31.5–32 mm (1.7 x 1.3 in) in size, and exhibit plain white coloration. [6] Eggs have primarily been observed in clutches of four. Few nests have been observed, and those that have been recorded were primarily flat and loose woven pads measuring at around 15 cm (6 in) across. [6] These nests consisted of twigs and leaves, and one observation documented a nest containing a tunnel leading into a deep pad of leaves. [6] There has been no documented information on incubation or fledgelings.

Status

Despite its limited range, this bird is assessed by the IUCN red list as "Least Concern." This is due to the fact that its range primarily consists of protected areas and conditions which are difficult to reach. [2] Therefore, it is largely unsusceptible to threats such as habitat loss and poaching. However, several local conservation organizations such as the Thai Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) and Bird Conservation Society of Thailand (BCST) classify this bird as "Vulnerable." [14] As of 2024, its population has been assessed as declining, although the population size is listed as unknown. [2] Despite this, the population is projected as sparsely distributed. [15]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Buff-breasted buttonquail</span> Species of bird

The buff-breasted buttonquail is the largest and possibly the rarest of the buttonquail. This species is endemic to Cape York Peninsula, in Queensland, Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malayan night heron</span> Species of bird

The Malayan night heron, also known as Malaysian night heron and tiger bittern, is a medium-sized heron. It is distributed in southern and eastern Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chestnut-bellied partridge</span> Species of bird

The chestnut-bellied partridge also known as chestnut-bellied hill-partridge or Javan hill-partridge is a small, up to 28 cm long, partridge with a rufous crown and nape, red legs, grey breast, brown wings, red facial skin, and a black mask, throat and bill. It has a rufous belly with white on the middle. The sexes are similar. The young has a whitish face and a reddish brown bill.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bar-backed partridge</span> Species of bird

The bar-backed partridge, also known as the brown-breasted hill-partridge, is a species of partridge in the family Phasianidae. It is found in southwestern China and Southeast Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chestnut-necklaced partridge</span> Species of bird

The chestnut-necklaced partridge is a species of bird in the family Phasianidae. It is found in forests in the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. It is threatened by habitat loss and trapping. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed it as vulnerable.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orange-necked partridge</span> Species of bird

The orange-necked partridge is a species of bird in the family Phasianidae. It is found in eastern Cambodia and southern Vietnam. Its habitats are lowland forests, shrubland, and plantations. It was described in 1927 and rediscovered in 1991. It is threatened by habitat loss, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed it as a near-threatened species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-necklaced partridge</span> Species of bird

The white-necklaced partridge, also known as the collared partridge or Rickett's hill-partridge, is a species of bird in the family Phasianidae. It is endemic to southeastern China. It is threatened by habitat loss and hunting, and the IUCN has assessed it as near-threatened.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Red-breasted partridge</span> Species of bird

The red-breasted partridge, also known as the Bornean hill-partridge, is a species of bird in the family Phasianidae. It is endemic to hill and montane forest in Borneo, preferring bamboos and thickets. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed it as a least-concern species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grey-breasted partridge</span>

The grey-breasted partridge, also known as the white-faced hill partridge, or Horsfield's hill partridge, is a bird species in the family Phasianidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rufous-throated partridge</span> Species of bird

The rufous-throated partridge is a species of bird in the family Phasianidae. It is found in montane forests in India and Southeast Asia. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed it as a least-concern species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hill partridge</span> Species of bird

The common hill partridge, necklaced hill partridge, or simply hill partridge is a species of bird in the pheasant family found in Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferruginous partridge</span> Species of bird

The ferruginous partridge is a species of bird in the family Phasianidae. It belongs to the monotypical genus Caloperdix. It is found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crestless fireback</span> Species of bird

The crestless firebacks are a group of two species of bird in the family Phasianidae. They are found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. Their natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. They are threatened by habitat destruction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-crested tiger heron</span> Species of bird

The white-crested tiger heron, also known as the white-crested bittern, is a species of heron in the monotypic genus Tigriornis and a member of the family Ardeidae. It is widely distributed across the African tropical rainforest, often occurring near small streams and marshes. This heron exhibits unobtrusive black, brown and buff coloration and possesses a white crest, which may be viewed when erected. Not much is known about this heron or its behaviors, although it is known to feed on the small fish, crustaceans, frogs, snakes and insects which inhabit rivers or river shores. Despite its elusiveness, it is found over a broad range and has been assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as "Least Concern". Due to threats such as habitat destruction and poaching for use in medicine, its population has been decreasing over time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Speckle-breasted antpitta</span> Species of bird

The speckle-breasted antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abbott's babbler</span> Species of bird

Abbott's babbler is a species of bird in the family Pellorneidae. It is widely distributed along the Himalayas in South Asia and extending into the forests of Southeast Asia. They are short-tailed and stout birds which forage in pairs in dense undergrowth close to the ground and their presence is indicated by their distinctive calls.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow-breasted flowerpecker</span> Species of bird

The yellow-breasted flowerpecker is a species of bird in the family Dicaeidae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, and Thailand. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Perdicinae</span> Subfamily of birds

Perdicinae is a polyphyletic former subfamily of birds in the pheasant family, Phasianidae, regrouping the partridges, Old World quails, and francolins. Although this subfamily was considered monophyletic and separated from the pheasants, tragopans, junglefowls, and peafowls (Phasianinae) till the early 1990s, molecular phylogenies have shown that these two subfamilies actually constitute only one lineage. For example, some partridges are more closely affiliated to pheasants, whereas Old World quails and partridges from the Alectoris genus are closer to junglefowls. Due to this, the subfamily Perdicinae is no longer recognized by the International Ornithological Congress, with the species being split among 3 subfamilies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pale-tailed canastero</span> Species of bird

The pale-tailed canastero, is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tres Marías amazon</span> Species of bird

The Tres Marías amazon is a subspecies of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is endemic to the Islas Marías off the Pacific coast of Mexico.

References

  1. ↑ "iucn status 11 November 2021">BirdLife International (2016). "Arborophila campbelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22734742A95095981. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22734742A95095981.en . Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 BirdLife International (2016). "Tigriornis leucolopha". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22697277A130188990. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697277A130188990.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Malayan Partridge." BirdForum, 13 Nov. 2021.
  4. ↑ “ Malaysian Partridge (Arborophila Campbelli). ” iNaturalist. Accessed 6 Nov. 2024.
  5. 1 2 3 4 “Malayan Partridge.” eBird, 2024.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 del Hoyo, Josep; Collar, Nigel; Christie, David; Kirwan, Guy M. (2021-08-18), Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.), " Malayan Partridge (Arborophila campbelli) ", Birds of the World, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, doi:10.2173/bow.gybpar3.01.1, Accessed 14 Nov. 2024.
  7. ↑ “ Malayan Partridge · Arborophila Campbelli · (Robinson, 1904) .” Xeno-Canto, 14 Sept. 2023.
  8. ↑ Fasciculi Malayenses: Anthropological and Zoological Results of an Expedition to Perak and the Siamese Malay States, 1901-1902 . University Press of Liverpool. 1903.
  9. ↑ “ Campbell’s Partridge- Arborophila Campbelli. ” Avibase. Accessed 18 Dec. 2024.
  10. ↑ Mees, G.F. and Club, N.O. (1996). " Geographical variation in birds of Java ." Publications of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 26. Nuttall Ornithological Club, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  11. ↑ “ Malay Partridge Arborophila Campbelli .” BirdLife International, 2024.
  12. ↑ “ Bird Observations .” eBird, 2024.
  13. ↑ Wee, YC. “ Malayan Partridge Calls – Possible Mating-Ritual Calls .” Bird Ecology Study Group, 24 Apr. 2022.
  14. ↑ “Malaysian Partridge (Arborophila Campbelli).” Thai National Parks, 2024.
  15. ↑ Madge, S., and P. McGowan (2002). " Pheasants, Partridges and Grouse, including Buttonquails, Sandgrouse and Allies ." Christopher Helm, London, UK.


This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.