Marihuana prensada

Last updated
Marihuana prensada.jpg

Marihuana prensada or cannabis prensado (pressed cannabis or marijuana), also known as ladrillo ( brick weed) [1] or, colloquially, paragua or paraguayo is a compressed cannabis cut into blocks that facilitate transport.

Contents

The largest producer of pressed marijuana is Paraguay, [2] and from there it is exported to Chile, [2] Bolivia, Brazil, [3] Peru, [4] Colombia, [5] Venezuela, [6] and the United States. [4]

Other names for this product are soko, doko, paraplex macoña, pasto, faso, chamico, enramao, presso, paragua or Paraguayan brick. [7]

Production

Seizure of 300 kg (700 lb) of pressed marijuana by the Police of Misiones (Argentina), in Colonia Oasis, 2017 Confiscated drugs at Misiones Province by the Police of Misiones (Policia de Misiones) 02.jpg
Seizure of 300 kg (700 lb) of pressed marijuana by the Police of Misiones (Argentina), in Colonia Oasis, 2017

In Paraguay, cannabis cultivation occurs mainly in the departments of Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caaguazú, Caazapá, Canindeyú, Concepción, Itapúa and San Pedro. [7] To make pressed bricks, marijuana is harvested, allowed to dry, and compressed in a hydraulic press. [8]

Adulterated brick weed

Sometimes brick weed is adulterated with other binding substances including industrial glues such as Neoprene, tar, ammonia, bitumen, petroleum-derived hydrocarbons, dog food or even human or animal excrement. [7] [8] to make it cheaper, thus being of poorer quality. Its use is strongly discouraged due to the contamination and toxicity of adulterants.

Low quality cannabis

People involved in the production of pressed marijuana often have little or no knowledge about cannabis cultivation, so, during the process, large amounts of trichomes (the most psychoactive part) are wasted, while leaves, stems and seeds are included, [8] which should be avoided. Little care is taken when the branches are left in the sun to dry them; As they are stacked on top of each other, moisture is retained and certain parts begin to rot, parts that will be negligently incorporated into the final product. [8] In some cases, marihuana prensada contains no marijuana, but grass. [9]

Despite its poor quality, its use is widely spread among the lower classes throughout South America. [10]

Use

Although cannabis can be found in foods, beverages, cosmetics, etc., marihuana prensada is exclusively smoked in the form of a cigarette (joint). [9]

Health risks

Marihuana prensada is the most harmful derivative of marijuana, being more toxic than natural marijuana. [9] It is difficult to determine the effects on the human body because its ingredients vary greatly depending on who makes it. In addition, at customs crossings at international borders, it is remixed with other products to mask the smell of cannabis.

The combustion of petroleum and mineral tar increases the risk of cancer in the respiratory tract. Neoprene, a glue considered a drug, contributes to further addiction to the product, especially if it contains toluene. In addition to serious neurodegenerative damage, it can also damage vital organs such as the liver, heart or brain, affecting cognitive function. [9]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Legality of cannabis</span> Where cannabis is and is not legal

The legality of cannabis for medical and recreational use varies by country, in terms of its possession, distribution, and cultivation, and how it can be consumed and what medical conditions it can be used for. These policies in most countries are regulated by three United Nations treaties: the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, and the 1988 Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. Since its descheduling in 2020, cannabis is classified as a Schedule I drug under the Single Convention treaty, meaning that signatories can allow medical use but that it is considered to be an addictive drug with a serious risk of abuse.

<i>Hispanidad</i> Term for the cultural unity of Hispanic peoples

Hispanidad is a Spanish term alluding to the group of people, countries, and communities that share the Spanish language and Hispanic culture. The term can have various, different implications and meanings depending on country of origin, socio-political views, and cultural background.

Cannabis Party, or Partido Cannabico refers in Spain to different initiatives of political party and political campaigning centered around cannabis, hemp and drug policy proposals.

As of 2018, official statistics showed 201,993 Peruvian-born residents in Spain. Out of these, 129,344 were Spanish citizens and 72,649 had not yet acquired Spanish citizenship. As of 2019, the number had increased to 218,129.

Latindex is a bibliographical information system available for free consultation. Established as a network in 1997, the project is based on the cooperation of 17 national resource centers that operate in a coordinated scheme for the gathering and dissemination of relevant information and data on the Iberoamerican journals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Omar Guerrero</span>

Omar Guerrero Orozco, Ph.D. in Public Administration by the National Autonomous University of Mexico, is full-time professor at the same institution and National Researcher Level III, which is the maximum level. He was director of the National Institute of Public Administration magazine from 1980 to 1982. He was member of the Social Sciences Committee of the National System of Researchers, collegial body in which he served as president (2003). He was recipient in 1979 of the “Public Administration Award” granted by the INAP. Guerrero is also member of the National Academy of Sciences since 1987 and of the Mexican Culture Seminar since 2006.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gregorio Baro</span> Argentine chemist (1928–2012)

Gregorio Baró was an Argentine scientist. He was born in Santiago Temple, Córdoba and died in Buenos Aires.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannabis in Uruguay</span> Use of cannabis in Uruguay

Cannabis is legal in Uruguay, and is one of the most widely used drugs in the nation.

Come Venezuela is a classical liberal political party in Venezuela headquartered in the city of Caracas. It has parliamentary representation in the National Assembly. Its registration as a political party has not been granted by the National Electoral Council.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannabis in Paraguay</span> Legality, use, production and culture of cannabis in Paraguay

Cannabis in Paraguay is illegal, but the nation is one of the world's largest producers of cannabis; possession of 10 grams or less was decriminalized in 1988. It is the second-largest cannabis producer in Latin America, following Mexico. Paraguay is the main source of cannabis for Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile, and produced 5900 metric tons per year per a 2008 report.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannabis in Chile</span> Use of cannabis in Chile

Cannabis in Chile is illegal for all production and public consumption, though private at-home consumption, grow and selling is allowed for medical use. It is widely consumed, with the highest per-capita use in Latin America. In 2014 Chile began clinical trials on medical marijuana, and in 2015 a decriminalization bill successfully passed the lower house of the Chilean Congress.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannabis in Puerto Rico</span> Laws about cannabis in Puerto Rico

Cannabis in Puerto Rico is illegal for recreational use. Legislation to ban cannabis was passed in 1932, and legislation to legalize medical use was passed in 2017. Although the medical use of cannabis is permitted, smoking it is prohibited.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gonzalo Correal Urrego</span>

Gonzalo Correal Urrego is a Colombian anthropologist, palaeontologist and archaeologist. He has been contributing to the knowledge of prehistoric Colombia for over forty years and has published in Spanish and English. Correal Urrego is considered one of the most important anthropologists of Colombia. He has collaborated with many other anthropologists and archaeologists, among others Thomas van der Hammen and Ana María Groot.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carl Henrik Langebaek</span>

Carl Henrik Langebaek Rueda is a Colombian anthropologist, archaeologist and historian. He has been contributing on the knowledge of archaeological evidences, especially the Herrera Period and the Muisca. Langebaek was vice-chancellor for academic affairs at Universidad de los Andes and speaks Spanish and English.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannabis in Spain</span> Use of cannabis in Spain

Cannabis in Spain is decriminalized for personal cultivation and use, and other purposes other than sale or trade. It's illegal for trade or commercial purposes. Using the legal grey areas in Spanish legislation, cannabis clubs are a popular way for enthusiasts to obtain and use cannabis as a technically-legal private collective. In private places, consumption and possession of reasonable amounts is legal.

Cannabis in Peru is not legal for recreational use, possession for own consumption is also decriminalized by the Criminal Code and medical cannabis was legalized in 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fernando Guillén Martínez</span>

Fernando Guillén Martínez (1925–1975) was a Colombian researcher, journalist, historian, sociologist and essayist.

The possession and use of cannabis is illegal in El Salvador for both recreational and medical purposes. The country is a signatory of the 1988 United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, and has criminalized the production and distribution of the drug.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Teresa Rojas Rabiela</span> Mexican Ethnologist

María Teresa Rojas Rabiela is an ethnologist, ethnohistorian, Emeritus National Researcher and Mexican academic, specializing in Chinampas of Mexico's Basin, history of agriculture, hydraulics, technology, and labor organization in Mesoamerica during pre-Columbian and colonial eras, as well as historical photography of Mexico's peasants and indigenous people. She is recognized as a pioneer in historical studies on earthquakes in Mexico. From 2018 to 2021, Rojas Rabiela was involved in the restoration of the section of the pre-Hispanic aqueduct of Tetzcotzinco, Texcoco, known as El caño quebrado.

References

  1. ↑ Rossi, Pablo (2008). Las drogas y los adolescentes: lo que los padres deben saber sobre las adicciones (in Spanish). Madrid: Tébar. pp.  298. ISBN   9788473602938. OCLC   847509575.
  2. 1 2 Trejos Rosero, Luis Fernando (2016). Fronteras : fuentes de conflicto y cooperación (in Spanish). Luis Fernando Trejos Rosero, Universidad del Norte. Departamento de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales. Barranquilla, Colombia. pp.  111. ISBN   978-958-741-689-3. OCLC   979988717.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ↑ Gini, G. E. (2005). "Argentina en riesgo: cambios en la geografía de la cocaína". Estrategia para el nuevo milenio: Publicación trimestral del Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Estratégicos (in Spanish). Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Estratégicos. 7: 63–89. Retrieved 2021-06-17.
  4. 1 2 Wicht, J. J. (1991). Por un Perú mejor: exposiciones y debates del Primer Programa de Alta Especialización para Parlamentarios (in Spanish). Universidad del Pacífico. Centro de Investigación, Asociación Acción y Pensamiento Democrático (Lima, Peru), Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung. Internationales Institut. p. 206. Retrieved 2021-06-17.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ↑ La lucha contra el narcotráfico en Colombia (in Spanish). Presidencia de la República de Colombia. 1989. p. 36. Retrieved 2021-06-17.
  6. ↑ Marihuana en Maracaibo (in Spanish). El Instituto. Universidad del Zulia. Instituto de Criminología. 1977. p. 9. Retrieved 2021-06-17.
  7. 1 2 3 "Marihuana Prensada: La Paraguaya". La Marihuana (in Spanish). 8 August 2011. Retrieved 2021-08-20.
  8. 1 2 3 4 "Marihuana Prensada". Infonnabis (in Spanish). 11 June 2020. Retrieved 2021-08-20.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Stuardo, S. (2015-09-05). "Marihuana prensada: El lado negro de la hierba canábica". BioBioChile (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-06-17.
  10. ↑ Sociedad de Psiquiatría y Neurología de la infancia y la Adolescencia (2016). Marihuana: Consensos y evidencias sobre su impacto en la salud (in Spanish). Editorial Forja. p. 35. ISBN   9789563382600 . Retrieved 2021-07-17.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.