Mary M. Schroeder | |
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Senior Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit | |
Assumed office December 31, 2011 | |
Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit | |
In office November 30,2000 –December 1,2007 | |
Preceded by | Procter Ralph Hug Jr. |
Succeeded by | Alex Kozinski |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit | |
In office September 26,1979 –December 31,2011 | |
Appointed by | Jimmy Carter |
Preceded by | Seat established by 92 Stat. 1629 |
Succeeded by | Andrew D. Hurwitz |
Personal details | |
Born | Boulder,Colorado,U.S. | December 4,1940
Education | Swarthmore College (BA) University of Chicago (JD) |
Mary Murphy Schroeder (born December 4,1940) is an American attorney and jurist serving as a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
Born on December 4,1940,in Boulder,Colorado,Schroeder received her Bachelor of Arts degree from Swarthmore College in 1962 and her Juris Doctor from the University of Chicago Law School in 1965,one of six women in her class. [1] She received an honorary Doctor of Laws (Legum Doctor (LL.D.) from Swarthmore in May 2006.
Schroeder practiced as a trial attorney with the United States Department of Justice Civil Division from 1965 until 1969. She served as a law clerk to Justice Jesse Addison Udall of the Arizona Supreme Court in 1970. She joined the law firm of Lewis &Roca in Phoenix,Arizona,in 1971 and became a partner in 1973. She was appointed to the Arizona Court of Appeals in 1975 and served until 1979. [2]
Schroeder was elected to the American Law Institute in 1974 and was elected to the ALI Council in 1993. [3] She served as an Adviser on the Restatement Third of Agency and serves as an adviser on the Restatement Third,The Law of Consumer Contracts [4] and Principles of Government Ethics. [5] She served as president of the National Association of Women Judges in 1998-99. [6]
Schroeder was nominated by President Jimmy Carter on May 3,1979,to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit,to a new seat authorized by 92 Stat. 1629. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 25,1979,and received her commission on September 26,1979. She served as the first female chief judge of the Ninth Circuit from 2000 to 2007. She assumed senior status on December 31,2011. [2]
Schroeder has received numerous prestigious awards,including but not limited to:
In addition,the Arizona State University Law School has named two awards after Schroeder:
She is married to Milton Schroeder, a professor at the Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, and has two children, Katherine and Caroline.
In law, an en banc session is a session in which a case is heard before all the judges of a court rather than by one judge or a smaller panel of judges.
Alex Kozinski is a Romanian-American jurist and lawyer who was a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit from 1985 to 2017. He was a prominent and influential judge, and many of his law clerks went on to clerk for U.S. Supreme Court justices.
The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit is the U.S. federal court of appeals that has appellate jurisdiction over the U.S. district courts in the following federal judicial districts:
Hirabayashi v. United States, 320 U.S. 81 (1943), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court held that the application of curfews against members of a minority group were constitutional when the nation was at war with the country from which that group's ancestors originated. The case arose out of the issuance of Executive Order 9066 following the attack on Pearl Harbor and the U.S. entry into World War II. President Franklin D. Roosevelt had authorized military commanders to secure areas from which "any or all persons may be excluded", and Japanese Americans living in the West Coast were subject to a curfew and other restrictions before being removed to internment camps. The plaintiff, Gordon Hirabayashi, was convicted of violating the curfew and had appealed to the Supreme Court. Yasui v. United States was a companion case decided the same day. Both convictions were overturned in coram nobis proceedings in the 1980s.
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Jon M. Sands is the Federal Public Defender for the District of Arizona and has been since 2004. He served as the chair of the Federal Defender Sentencing Guidelines Committee and chair of the Defender Services Advisory Group. As of 2022, he is co-chair of the Federal Defender Legislative Committee and a member of the Federal Defender Sentencing Guidelines Committee.
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Hirabayashi v. United States, 828 F.2d 591, is a case decided by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals and recognized for both its historical and legal significance. The case is historically significant for vacating the World War II–era convictions of Japanese American civil rights leader Gordon Hirabayashi. Those convictions were affirmed in the Supreme Court's 1943 decision Hirabayashi v. United States. The case is legally significant for establishing the standard to determine when any federal court in the Ninth Circuit may issue a writ of coram nobis.
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