Mercedes-Benz 600

This article is about the 600 "Grand Mercedes" (W100). For other models called "600", see Mercedes-Benz 600 (disambiguation).

Mercedes-Benz 600 (W100)
Overview
Manufacturer	Daimler-Benz
Also called	Grand Mercedes Grosser Mercedes
Production	1963–1981 2,677 built [1] SWB: 2,190 LWB: 428 Landaulet: 59
Assembly	West Germany: Stuttgart
Designer	Bruno Sacco Friedrich Geiger Paul Bracq
Body and chassis
Class	Ultra-luxury car Limousine
Body style	4-door saloon (SWB) 4-door limousine 6-door limousine Landaulet limousine
Layout	FR layout
Powertrain
Engine	6.3 L M100 V8
Dimensions
Wheelbase	SWB: 3,200 mm (126.0 in) LWB: 3,900 mm (153.5 in)
Length	SWB: 5,580 mm (219.7 in) LWB: 6,340 mm (249.6 in)
Width	1,950 mm (76.8 in)
Height	SWB: 1,500 mm (59.1 in) LWB: 1,510 mm (59.4 in)
Curb weight	2,990–3,280 kg (6,592–7,231 lb)
Chronology
Predecessor	Mercedes-Benz 770 Mercedes-Benz 300d
Successor	Mercedes-Benz S 600 (600 SWB; 1993–present) (Spiritual Successor) Maybach 57 and 62 (600 Pullman; 2002–2012) (True Successor) Mercedes-Maybach S 600 (600 LWB; 2015–present) (Spiritual Successor)

Mercedes 600 Saloon rear

Mercedes 600 Pullman rear view

Mercedes 600 Landaulet

Mercedes 600 Landaulet rear seating area

600 in Museum Sinsheim, sitting low until the air compressor re-supplies pressure to the suspension

The Mercedes-Benz 600 (W100) is a line of ultra-luxury cars produced by Daimler-Benz from 1963 to 1981. The forerunner of the modern Maybach marque, the Grosser Mercedes ("Grand Mercedes") succeeded the Type 300d "Adenauer" (W189) as the company's flagship model. It was positioned above the subsequent 300-series (W112) in price, amenities, and status. In 1963 the Mercedes-Benz 600 was the most expensive car in the world. Its few competitors included British and American marques such as Rolls-Royce, Bentley, Lincoln Continental, Cadillac Series 75, and Chrysler Imperial. It was well known for its ownership among celebrities and political leaders and royalty throughout the late 20th century. ^[2] Many experts and enthusiasts consider it to be the greatest luxury vehicle ever made. Even today owning a Mercedes-Benz 600 can be very expensive and extremely costly to maintain, they can cost as much as 3.5 million dollars.^{[ citation needed ]}

Generally, the short-wheelbase (SWB) models were designed to be owner-driven, whereas the long-wheelbase (LWB) and limousine models, often incorporating a central divider with power window, were intended for chauffeur operation.

"Living legend: the Mercedes-Benz 600 is nothing but grand. With its groundbreaking engineering, this iconic vehicle has been defining automotive luxury since its first appearance in 1963." - Mercedes Benz ^[3]

History

The 600 replaced the Mercedes-Benz W189 300d limousine, the final version of the W186 and W189 model 300-series company flagship produced between the early 1950s and early 1960s. It received the nickname Adenauer after Konrad Adenauer, the first Chancellor of West Germany, who employed several of these automobiles during his tenure in office.

Production began in 1964 and continued through to 1981. ^[4] During this time, production totalled 2,677 units, comprising 2,190 Saloons, 304 Pullmans, 124 6-door Pullmans and 59 Landaulets. ^[4]

The 600 succeeded the 1961 Mercedes-Benz W112 in using a pneumatic self-levelling suspension, ^{[5] [6]} an enhancement of the Mercedes-Benz 300d Adenauer's dashboard activated mechanical torsion bar based system. A version is incorporated in Mercedes' current Active Body Control.^{[ citation needed ]}

With its demise in 1981, the 600 marked the last ultra-luxury model that the brand produced in an unbroken line since the model 60 hp Simplex from 1903. ^[7] The company would return to this segment some 20 years later with the Maybach 57/62, but these extremely expensive cars failed to sell in expected and necessary numbers. As a result, Daimler ended production of the Maybach brand in 2012 and has not returned to this segment.

As of 2019 ^[update] , the Mercedes flagship is the Mercedes-Maybach S-Class, which occupies a considerably lower price bracket and is not a true successor to the 600 and earlier models. However, it is seen as a spiritual successor, since it is the first luxury Mercedes-Benz production model since the 600 to feature some bespoke design touches not available on the standard S-Class.^{[ citation needed ]}

Models

Mercedes-Benz 600 "Pullman" limousine, carrying US President Jimmy Carter in Liberia, 1978

The 600 came in two wheelbase lengths, producing three main variants:

• A short wheelbase 4-door saloon, available with a power divider window separating the front seats from the rear bench seat, although most were built without this feature.
• A long wheelbase 4-door "Pullman" limousine (with two additional rear-facing seats separated from the driver compartment by a power divider window, of which 304 were built)
• A long wheelbase 6-door Pullman limousine (with power divider and two forward-facing jump-seats at the middle two doors and a rear bench-seat).

A number of the limousines were converted into landaulets, with a retractable top over part or all of the rear passenger compartment. The more common short roof version folds down like a cabriolet over just the last row of seats, leaving the door frames in place and the area forward of it covered with the metal roof, while the long roof folds back from the cabin divider (and leaves all door frames in place). Known as the "Presidential roof", it was especially rare with 6-door landaulets. In all, 59 landaulets were produced, 23 four-door models of unknown breakdown, 17 6-door short roofs, and 9 six-door long roofs.

Landaulets like these were also notably used by the German government, as during the 1965 state visit of Queen Elizabeth II. The Vatican, in addition to an elongated Mercedes 300d 4-door landaulet, used for the Pope a specially designed Mercedes 600 4-door landaulet, which now resides at the Mercedes-Benz Museum in Stuttgart. Production of the landaulet versions of the 600 ended in 1980. A six-door long roof landaulet used by former Yugoslavian president Josip Broz Tito sold in 2017 in England for £2.5 million. ^[8]

Mercedes also made one special short-wheelbase, 2-door 600 coupé, in 1965, with the standard wheelbase shortened 22 cm (8.6 inches) between the axles, to 298 cm (117.3 in). ^[9] A single example of a short-wheelbase 4-door landaulet, combining the handling of a short-wheelbase with the qualities of a landaulet, was built by Mercedes in 1967 for former racing driver Philipp Constantin von Berckheim.^{[ citation needed ]}

Mechanical

The 600's great size, weight, and numerous hydraulically driven amenities, which Mercedes called ’Comfort Hydraulic System’ ^[10] required more power than Mercedes' largest engine at that time, the 3-litre 6-cylinder M189, could produce. A new V8 with more than twice the capacity was developed, the 6.3 L (384.4 cu in) M100. It featured single overhead camshafts (SOHC) and a Bosch-made intermittent multi point manifold injection, and developed 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp). ^[11]

The 600's complex 150-bar (2,176 psi) hydraulic pressure system powered the automobile's windows, seats, sun-roof, boot lid, automatically closing doors(which were not made for another 20 years), and ventilator flaps. Adjustable air suspension delivered excellent ride quality and sure handling over any road surface. ^[12] It even beat lap times of the Mercedes-Benz 230SL. ^[10]

Notable owners

Famous owners of the Mercedes-Benz 600 have included the following:

Celebrities and tycoons

• Aristotle Onassis ^[13]
• Bob Jane
• Bobby Womack asserts that Janis Joplin was inspired to write her song Mercedes Benz after riding with him in his new 600 ^[14]
• Coco Chanel
• David Bowie ^[15]
• Eric Clapton
• Elizabeth Taylor
• Elvis Presley, ^{[16] [17]} who had three 1969 models, including a 6 door Pullman.
• Frank Packer
• Florian Schneider ^[18]
• George Harrison ^[19]
• Herbert von Karajan ^[20]
• Hugh Hefner ^[21]
• John Lennon ^[19]
• Jay Kay, who owned Coco Chanel's car ^[22]
• Jack Nicholson ^[23]
• Jay Leno, who had his 600 (a 1972 SWB) fitted with a supercharger by Karl Middelhauve, making it the only 600 Kompressor in existence
• Jeremy Clarkson, whose car was originally supplied to an Egyptian ambassador
• Johannes, 11th Prince of Thurn and Taxis ^[20]
• Karen Carpenter
• Mireille Mathieu ^[20]
• Pete Townshend owns a six-door version ^[24]
• Ringo Starr ^[25]
• Ronnie Wood
• Rowan Atkinson
• Roy Orbison ^[26]
• Robert Wood Johnson III ^[27]
• Udo Jürgens ^[20]

Politicians and royalty

• Anastasio Somoza Debayle, President of Nicaragua bought a SWB for his wife Hope Portocarrero from the first production run.^{[ clarification needed ]}
• Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand ^[28]
• B. J. Habibie, 3rd President of Indonesia ^[29]
• Chen Yi, former Chinese Foreign Minister ^[30]
• Daniel Moi ^{[31] [32]}
• Deng Xiaoping ^[30]
• Deng Yingchao, wife of Zhou Enlai, the first Chinese Prime Minister ^[30]
• Enver Hoxha ^{[33] [34]}
• François "Papa Doc" Duvalier ^{[35] [36]}
• Francois Tombalbaye ^[37]
• Ferdinand Marcos, who owned four, including a landaulet, a 1981 bulletproof model and a six-door version ^{[38] [39] [34]}
• F. W. de Klerk ^{[40] [41]}

Habib Bourguiba's 600 Pullman

• Habib Bourguiba, President of Tunisia ^{[42] [20]}
• Hassan II of Morocco, King of Morocco ^[20]
• Hastings Kamuzu Banda ^{[ citation needed ]}
• Hosni Mubarak ^[43]
• Idi Amin ^[44]
• Ibrahim, King of Malaysia
• Jim Fouché ^[40]
• Josip Broz Tito, who owned four 1965 LWB 6-door Pullmans, one of which was armored, and two LWB Pullman landaulets, acquired in 1971 and 1978 respectively (both of these were of the very-rare type where the folding parade roof extends to cover 2/3rds of the vehicle top, only 9 were made with such a roof arrangement and 6 doors, and Tito was the only statesman in the world at the time who had two such cars). ^{[45] [46]}
• Jean-Bédel Bokassa ^[47]
• Jean-Claude Duvalier ^[48]
• John Vorster ^[40]
• Jomo Kenyatta ^[49]
• Khalid of Saudi Arabia ^{[ citation needed ]}
• Kim Il Sung ^{[50] [34]}
• Kim Jong Il ^[34]
• Kim Jong Un; ^[51] the North Korean government have also owned a landaulet (both seen in the 65th anniversary parade in Pyongyang on October 10, 2010)
• Leonid Brezhnev ^{[20] [52]}
• Léopold Sédar Senghor, President of Senegal; the first Senegalese regime (1960–1980) under him had three 600s, a short wheel base, a long wheel base, and a Landaulet, later replaced by the W126-based Carat Limousine.^{[ citation needed ]}
• Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, who owned multiple 600 models including 3 landaulet models and 18 others for national guard ^[20]
• Mohammed VI of Morocco ^[53]
• Muhammad Zia Ul Haq, ^[54] a Pakistani four-star general who served as the President of Pakistan from 1978 until his death in 1988. Also kept the same 1970 Pullman 600 as the holder of the Prime Minister Office.
• Mao Zedong, Chinese revolutionary leader ^[30]
• Marais Viljoen ^[40]
• Mobutu Sese Seko, ^[44] dictator and president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire) ^[30]
• Nico Diederichs ^[40]
• Nicolae Ceaușescu ^{[20] [34]}
• Norodom Sihanouk, former King of Cambodia ^[30]
• Omar Bongo President of Gabon. ^[55]

Papal landaulet

• The Pope ^[56]
• Park Chung Hee ^[57]
• P. W. Botha ^[40]
• Maharaj Ji/Prem Rawat, religious leader^{[ citation needed ]}
• Pablo Escobar, Colombian drug dealer, owned a LWB 4-door who was destroyed in an attack on Escobar in 1993 in Medellín ^[58]
• Robert Mugabe ^{[ citation needed ]}
• Saddam Hussein, who owned a long-roof landaulet that was recovered after the fall of Baghdad and is today owned by the Petersen Automotive Museum in Los Angeles ^[59]
• Silvio Berlusconi, Prime Minister of Italy ^[60]
• Süleyman Demirel, 9th President of Turkey ^[61]
• The President of Bangladesh
• Todor Zhivkov, former President of Bulgaria from 1956 to 1989. Used Government owned high-end Benz models from 300D Adenauer to 450 SEL 6.9 for daily routine, and for State visits- 1967 600 Pullman 6-door Landaulet. The 600 Landaulet is still in use today by Bulgarian Government for Special occasions and visits. ^[62]
• Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, ^[54] a Pakistani politician who served as the 9th Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977, and prior to that as the 4th President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973. He kept a 1970 Pullman 600 for Prime Minister Office use.

In popular culture

In cinema, the Mercedes 600 was featured in several James Bond films, most notably as transport of the villain Ernst Stavro Blofeld in On Her Majesty's Secret Service and Diamonds Are Forever . In Octopussy , the villain Kamal Khan is seen leaving Sotheby's London auction house in a 600 Pullman. Near the beginning of 1978 movie Who Is Killing the Great Chefs of Europe? , the character played by Jacqueline Bisset is abducted from Heathrow Airport in a 600 Pullman. ^[63]

In a Top Gear challenge, Jeremy Clarkson compared his 1973 short-wheelbase 600 to James May's 1972 Rolls-Royce Corniche.

Technical data

Technical data Mercedes-Benz 600 (W100) ^[64] (Manufacturer's figures except where stated)

Mercedes-Benz	600	600 Pullman
Produced:	1963–1981
Engine:	6.3 L V8, front-mounted
Bore x Stroke:	103 mm x 95 mm
Displacement:	6332 cc
Max. Power (DIN 70020) @ rpm:	250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp) @ 4000
Max. Torque (DIN 70020) @ rpm:	51 kp⋅m (500 N⋅m; 369 lb⋅ft) @ 2800
Compression Ratio:	9.00: 1
Fuel feed:	sequential manifold injection, Bosch injection pump
Fuel tank capacity:	112 L (29.6 US gal; 24.6 imp gal)
Valvetrain:	SOHC, duplex chains
Cooling:	Water
Gearbox:	4-speed automatic transmission K4B 050 · gear ratio · (1) 3.9789 · (2) 2.4589 · (3) 1.5789 · (4) 1.0000 · (R) - 4.1455 rear wheel drive · axle ratio 3.2307 (42:13)
Electrical system:	12 volt
Front suspension:	Double wishbones, air suspension, rubber springs, stabilizing bar
Rear suspension::	Low-pivot swing axle, radius arms, self-leveling air suspension, rubber springs, stabilizing bar
Brakes:	Disc brakes (Ø 291 mm two-caliper front, 294.5 mm rear), power assisted
Steering:	Recirculating ball steering, power assisted
Body structure:	Sheet steel, unibody construction
Dry weight:	2,600 kg (5,732 lb)	2,770 kg (6,107 lb)
Loaded weight:	3,050 kg (6,724 lb)	3,340 kg (7,363 lb)
Track front · rear:	1,587 mm (62.5 in) · 1,581 mm (62.2 in)
Wheelbase:	3,200 mm (126.0 in)	3,900 mm (153.5 in)
Length:	5,540 mm (218.1 in)	6,240 mm (245.7 in)
Width:	1,950 mm (76.8 in)	1,950 mm (76.8 in)
Height:	1,500 mm (59.1 in)	1,510 mm (59.4 in)
Tyre/Tire sizes:	9.00H15 Supersport (6PR)
Top speed:	204.8 km/h (127.3 mph)	200 km/h (124 mph)
Fuel Consumption (petrol, 98 RON; estimates):	24.0 litres per 100 kilometres (11.8 mpg‑imp; 9.8 mpg‑US)	26.0 litres per 100 kilometres (10.9 mpg‑imp; 9.0 mpg‑US)
Price Germany USA:	DM 56,500 (1964) − DM 144,368 (1979) $22,000 (1965) [65]	DM 63,500 (1964) − DM 165,760 (1979) $24,000 (1965)

References

Notes

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8. "Stock". Tom Hartley Jnr. Retrieved 2018-09-23.
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11. Werner Oswald (ed.): Deutsche Autos 1945-1975, 4th edition, Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 1979, ISBN   978-3613041028, p. 251
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14. See Womack, Bobby; Ashton, Robert (2006). Midnight Mover: Autobiography. John Blake Publishing. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. We rode a couple of blocks while she fixed a tune in her head and then started singing. A line just spilled out. 'Oh Lord, won't you buy me a Mercedes Benz. 'My friends all drive Porsches, I must make amends.'
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63. "Mercedes-Benz 600 Pullman in "Who is Killing the Great Chefs of Europe?"".
64. Oswald, Werner [in German] (2001). Deutsche Autos[German Cars] (in German). Vol. Band [Volume] 4: 1945–1990 Audi, BMW, Mercedes, Porsche und andere [and others]. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN   3613021315.
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• ——————— (2001). Mercedes-Benz Personenwagen[Mercedes-Benz Passenger Cars] (in German). Vol. Band 2: 1945–1985 [Volume 2: 1945–1985]. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN   3613021684.
• Rohde, Michael; Koch, Detlef (2000). Mercedes-Benz. Typenkompass series (in German). Vol. Band 1. Personenwagen 1945 - 1975 [Volume 1. Passenger Cars 1945 - 1975]. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN   361302019X.
• Sacardi, Cajetan (2013). Mercedes-Benz 300 & 600: Staatslimousinen 1951–1981[Mercedes-Benz 300 & 600: State Limousines 1951–1981]. Schrader-Typen-Chronik series (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN   9783613035324.
• Schlegelmilch, Rainer W. [in German]; Lehbrink, Hartmut; von Osterroth, Jochen (2013). Mercedes (revised ed.). Königswinter, Germany: Ullmann Publishing. ISBN   978-3-8480-0267-2.
• Taylor, James (1985). Mercedes-Benz since 1945: A Collector's Guide. Vol. 2: The 1960s. Croydon, UK: Motor Racing Publications. ISBN   0-900549-96-3.
• Wiedmaier, Michael; Knetsch, Wulf H. (1999). 600: Der Grosse Mercedes / The Grand Mercedes (in German and English). Gundersheim, Germany: Verlag Direkte Kommunikation. ISBN   3933797012.
• ————————— (2008). Mercedes-Benz 600: die Feine Art des Fahrens[Mercedes-Benz 600: The Fine Art of Driving]. WKP-Edition Klassik series (in German). Freilassing: WKP-Verlag. ISBN   9783980727143.

Workshop manuals

• Chilton Automotive Editorial Staff (1974). Mercedes-Benz: 1968-73 All 220, 230, 250, 280, 300, 350 and 450 models, gasoline and diesel engines. Chilton's Repair & Tune-Up Guide Series. Radnor, PA, USA: Chilton Book Co. ISBN   0-8019-5907-1.
• Freeman, Kerry A.; Rivele, Richard J.; Hallinger, Jeffrey W., eds. (1983). Mercedes-Benz: 1959-70 All 190, 200, 220, 230, 250, 280 and 300 models, gasoline and diesel engines. Chilton's Repair & Tune-Up Guide Series. Radnor, PA, USA: Chilton Book Co. ISBN   0801960657.
• Mellon, Thomas A, ed. (2001). Mercedes: Coupes/Sedans/Wagons, 1974-84 Repair Manual. Chilton Total Car Care Series. Radnor, PA, USA: Chilton; Sparkford, UK: Haynes Publishing. ISBN   0-8019-9076-9.
• Mercedes-Benz Technical Companion. Cambridge, MA, USA: Bentley Publishers. 2005. ISBN   978-0-8376-1033-7.

External links

• Mercedes-Benz 600 – historical information at Daimler.com
• The International M-100 Group (with a car registry by serial number)
• Photos of the 1965 papal landaulet at Conceptcarz.com
• Presentation of the 600 SWB at Amelia Island, Florida - video
• Jay Leno's Garage – 1972 Mercedes-Benz 600 - video