Michael Powell (lobbyist)

Last updated
Jane Knott
​
(m. 1988)​
Michael Powell
Michael powell politician.jpg
24th Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission
In office
January 22, 2001 –January 21, 2005
Children2
Parents
Relatives Linda Powell (sister)
Education College of William & Mary (BA)
Georgetown University (JD)
Salary$4,645,202.00 (2015) [1]
Military service
AllegianceFlag of the United States.svg  United States
Branch/serviceFlag of the United States Army.svg  United States Army
Years of service1985–1988
Unit 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment

Michael Kevin Powell (born March 23, 1963) is an American attorney and lobbyist who served as the 24th chairman of the Federal Communications Commission from 2001 to 2005. [2] Since leaving office, Powell has since worked as the president of the National Cable & Telecommunications Association (NCTA), a broadband industry trade association. [3]

Contents

Powell was appointed to the FCC by President Bill Clinton on November 3, 1997, and was chosen by President George W. Bush to serve as chairman of the commission on January 22, 2001. Powell is the son of former Secretary of State Colin Powell and his wife Alma Powell.

Early life and education

Michael Kevin Powell was born in Birmingham, Alabama, on March 23, 1963, the first child of Colin and Alma (née Johnson) Powell. [4] : 94  Because of his father's military career, Michael grew up in various places in the U.S., including Dale City, Virginia; Fort Campbell, Kentucky; and Burke, Virginia, graduating from Lake Braddock High School in Burke in 1981. [4] : 216, 266  He graduated from the College of William & Mary, where he was initiated into Theta Delta Chi, on an ROTC Scholarship. Powell later received a Juris Doctor from the Georgetown University Law Center

Career

Powell served as an armor officer in the United States Army. He spent the majority of his active service with the 3rd Squadron, 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment in Amberg, Germany, serving as a cavalry platoon leader and troop executive officer. In 1987, Powell was seriously injured during a training mission. [5] He and his unit were traveling in a convoy on the autobahn. Powell was riding in a jeep at the time. Due to heavy rain, the jeep crashed and Powell was ejected from the vehicle. After he hit the pavement, the jeep bounced and crashed down on Powell's midsection. [6]

After his rehabilitation he served as an expert advisor to the Secretary of Defense. and clerked for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. He then worked for a year and a half as a private attorney in the Washington, D.C., office of O’Melveny & Myers. From 1996, Powell served in the Clinton Administration as chief of staff of the Department of Justice Antitrust Division. [7]

Federal Communications Commission

As the chairman of the FCC, Powell led the charge to open up markets in VoIP, Wi-Fi, and Broadband over Powerline (BPL). His approach believed that these new communications technologies would allow small companies to take on established corporations, and that regulations often stood in the way of progress. Powell's deregulatory policy coincided with a period of significant consolidation in the communications market. He advocated an updating of media ownership rules to reflect new communications technologies such as the Internet, a move that critics derided as increasing rampant media consolidation.

During his tenure as chair, he spoke at the University of California, San Diego on January 26, 2004. [8] In the talk, Powell spoke about the policymaking process in Washington, and about how ultra-wideband might impact telecommunications. While at the FCC, Powell was also the FCC's defense commissioner and oversaw all National Security Emergency Preparedness functions for the Commission. [9]

Powell opposed applying telephone-era regulations to new Internet technologies, a move critics charged would deny open access to communications facilities. He articulated a policy of network neutrality, and in March 2005 fined Madison River Communications for blocking voice over IP applications, the first-ever government action of its kind. [10] Powell worked so consumers could keep phone numbers when switching wireless carriers and championed the National Do Not Call Registry. [9]

In a notable confrontation over the FCC's local telephone competition rules, Powell was outflanked by Republican Kevin Martin, who formed a majority with the FCC's two Democratic commissioners. Powell was later vindicated by a D.C. Circuit Court decision on March 2, 2004, that struck down Martin's order. Three months later, the U.S. Supreme Court let the D.C. Circuit decision stand. When Powell resigned, Kevin Martin, who served Bush's presidential campaign in Florida, was named the FCC's new Chairman. Martin subsequently purged the FCC of many of Powell's staff.

Some of Powell's initiatives were challenged in federal court. Notably, the FCC's BrandX cable modem service decision, which declared cable modem should be free from telephone service regulations, was overturned in the Ninth Circuit case but was reinstated by the Supreme Court. The FCC's Broadcast Flag proceeding was overturned by the D.C. Circuit Court as an inappropriate exercise of FCC jurisdiction. The FCC's Media Ownership rules were likewise blocked by federal court and the television ownership cap set directly by the U.S. Congress.

Super Bowl XXXVIII controversy

A defining moment of his tenure as FCC chairman was the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy, in which Janet Jackson's breast was exposed on live-broadcast television. This high-profile incident increased public attention toward the FCC's enforcement of indecency rules, which had already stepped up following Bono's use of an expletive on live TV. Powell himself later said that the controversy was overblown, although he recognized that it would cause concern when he saw it at a Super Bowl party.

In an interview with ESPN The Magazine , he stated, "I think we’ve been removed from this long enough for me to tell you that I had to put my best version of outrage on that I could put on. Part of it was surreal, right? Look, I think it was dumb to happen, and they knew the rules and were flirting with them, and my job is to enforce the rules, but, you know, really? This is what we’re gonna do?" In the aftermath, the FCC processed hundreds times more complaints than they had ever received. [11]

Approach to indecency

Howard Stern and other controversial on-air personalities felt the sting of record fines, and both the U.S. House and Senate separately approved legislation significantly increasing the amount of money a station could be fined for indecency. Although the legislation was not ultimately enacted, the climate in Washington became so grey that several TV stations across the country declined to air Saving Private Ryan on Veterans Day for fear of FCC fines. Powell was interviewed on San Francisco talk radio station KGO (AM) when Stern called in to confront Powell. Stern questioned Powell's credentials, saying he got the job only because of his father and accused Powell of targeting him and fining him large amounts of money. [12]

Post-FCC work

Powell resigned as chairman of the FCC on January 21, 2005. He said that he was glad to spend more time with his wife. In March 2006, Powell became a member of the board of trustees, for the RAND Corporation. [13] He served two terms as a member of the Board of Visitors at his alma mater, the College of William and Mary, from 2002 to 2009. On April 21, 2006, Powell was elected the Rector of the Board of Visitors, making him the first African-American to serve in that post in the College's 313-year history. [14] He served as rector for two terms, stepping down on July 1, 2009. [15]

Political activity

Described as a "moderate Republican," Powell has been involved with Republican political campaigns. In the 1990s, Powell urged his father, Colin Powell, to run for President. [16] During the 2008 presidential election, Powell advised and supported Republican nominee John McCain, while his father supported Democratic nominee Barack Obama. [17]

In 2012, the Washington Post speculated that Powell was considering a candidacy for Mayor of the District of Columbia in the 2014 election, though he declined to enter the race. [18] In 2013, Powell was a signatory to an amicus curiae brief submitted to the Supreme Court in support of same-sex marriage during the Hollingsworth v. Perry case. [19]

Lobbying and net neutrality

On March 15, 2011, the National Cable & Telecommunications Association (NCTA) announced that Powell would take the helm from Kyle McSlarrow beginning April 25. [20] Powell left his advisory role with Providence Equity Partners. In 2012, he spoke with FCC Chairman Julius Genachowski and gave the keynote speech during the industry's Cable Show. [21] In April 2012, he contributed an opinion piece to Politico about the importance of cyber threats. [22]

As a lobbyist representing the telecommunications companies, Powell published numerous editorials and opinion pieces around the country claiming to support net neutrality and opposing the FCC's enforcement of net neutrality through broadband reclassification as a Title II service. [23]

Personal life

Powell married Jane Knott in 1988; they have two children. [2] [4] : 385  While serving as a junior army officer in Germany, Powell suffered serious injuies in a Jeep accident. Half of Powell's pelvis had snapped off its rear anchor on the lower spine. In the front, it had ripped free of the cartilage connecting it to its other half. His bladder and urethra were torn and several vertebrae were cracked. [6] After initial attention from German emergency room doctors, Powell was flown to a U.S. Army hospital in Nuremberg. After being stabilized, he was flown to Washington, D.C., and admitted to Walter Reed Army Medical Center where he spent a year in recovery. His spine remained fused at its base, forcing him to walk with a slight forward pitch the rest of his life. [6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Federal Communications Commission</span> Independent U.S. government agency

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent agency of the United States government that regulates communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable across the United States. The FCC maintains jurisdiction over the areas of broadband access, fair competition, radio frequency use, media responsibility, public safety, and homeland security.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kyle E. McSlarrow</span> American lawyer

Kyle Eugene McSlarrow is a former Deputy Secretary of the United States Department of Energy and Congressional candidate. From 2011 to 2017, he served as the head of Comcast's lobbying and government-affairs office, which included NBCUniversal lawyers and lobbyists. In 2017, he became Comcast's Senior Vice President, Customer Experience Operations.

The fairness doctrine of the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC), introduced in 1949, was a policy that required the holders of broadcast licenses both to present controversial issues of public importance and to do so in a manner that fairly reflected differing viewpoints. In 1987, the FCC abolished the fairness doctrine, prompting some to urge its reintroduction through either Commission policy or congressional legislation. The FCC removed the rule that implemented the policy from the Federal Register in August 2011.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kevin Martin (FCC)</span> American lawyer

Kevin Jeffrey Martin is a lobbyist for Facebook and former member and Chairman of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC), an independent agency of the United States government. He was nominated to be a commissioner by President George W. Bush on April 30, 2001, and was confirmed on May 25, 2001. On March 16, 2005, President Bush designated him as FCC chairman, to replace Michael K. Powell. President Bush renominated Martin to a new five-year term on the Commission on April 25, 2006, and he was reconfirmed by the U.S. Senate on November 17, 2006. In January 2009, Martin announced that he would step down from the FCC and join the Aspen Institute, as a senior fellow in the think tank's Communications and Society Program. He since became a partner with the law firm Squire Patton Boggs LLP, and was hired as Facebook's head of U.S. Public Policy.

National Cable & Telecommunications Association v. Brand X Internet Services, 545 U.S. 967 (2005), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that decisions by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on how to regulate Internet service providers are eligible for Chevron deference, in which the judiciary defers to an administrative agency's expertise under its governing statutes. While the case concerned routine regulatory processes at the FCC and applied to interpretations of the Communications Act of 1934 and Telecommunications Act of 1996, the ruling has become an important precedent on the matter of regulating network neutrality in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NCTA (association)</span> American telecommunications organization

NCTA, formerly known as the National Cable & Telecommunications Association (NCTA), is a trade association representing the broadband and cable television industries in the United States. As of 2011, NCTA represented more than 90% of the U.S. cable market, over 200 cable networks, and various equipment suppliers and service providers to the cable industry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CTIA (organization)</span> Trade association

CTIA is a trade association representing the wireless communications industry in the United States. The association was established in 1984 and is headquartered in Washington, D.C. It is a 501(c)(6) nonprofit membership organization, and represents wireless carriers and suppliers, and manufacturers and providers of wireless products and services.

In the United States, net neutrality—the principle that Internet service providers (ISPs) should make no distinctions between different kinds of content on the Internet, and to not discriminate based on such distinctions—has been an issue of contention between end-users and ISPs since the 1990s. With net neutrality, ISPs may not intentionally block, slow down, or charge different rates for specific online content. Without net neutrality, ISPs may prioritize certain types of traffic, meter others, or potentially block specific types of content, while charging consumers different rates for that content.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert M. McDowell</span> American lawyer, lobbyist, public official (born 1963)

Robert Malcolm McDowell is a lawyer and lobbyist who served as a commissioner of the Federal Communications Commission from June 1, 2006, to May 17, 2013. He is currently a partner in the law firm Cooley LLP.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Julius Genachowski</span> American lawyer and businessman (born 1962)

Julius Genachowski is an American lawyer and businessman. He became the Federal Communications Commission Chairman on June 29, 2009. On March 22, 2013, he announced he would be leaving the FCC in the coming weeks. On January 6, 2014, it was announced that Genachowski had joined The Carlyle Group. He transitioned from Partner and Managing Director to Senior Advisor in early 2024.

Colin Crowell is an American public policy expert active the telecommunications and Internet sector. He is currently the head of the Blue Owl Group. Crowell is the former Vice President of Global Public Policy and Philanthropy at Twitter, where he was the company's first public policy hire. Crowell was initially brought on board to build out this function globally for Twitter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marvin Ammori</span> American activist and lawyer

Marvin Ammori is an American lawyer, civil liberties advocate, and scholar best known for his work on network neutrality and Internet freedom issues. He is Chief Legal Officer of Uniswap.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Meredith Attwell Baker</span> American lawyer

Meredith Attwell Baker is the president and chief executive officer of CTIA, an industry trade group that represents the international wireless telecommunications industry. From 2009 to 2011, Baker was a member of the United States Federal Communications Commission, nominated by U.S. President Barack H. Obama. She also served in the National Telecommunications and Information Administration as a political appointee, and was subsequently named a deputy assistant secretary of the Commerce Department by President George W. Bush in February 2007.

The Federal Communications Commission Open Internet Order of 2010 is a set of regulations that move towards the establishment of the internet neutrality concept. Some opponents of net neutrality believe such internet regulation would inhibit innovation by preventing providers from capitalizing on their broadband investments and reinvesting that money into higher quality services for consumers. Supporters of net neutrality argue that the presence of content restrictions by network providers represents a threat to individual expression and the rights of the First Amendment. Open Internet strikes a balance between these two camps by creating a compromised set of regulations that treats all internet traffic in "roughly the same way". In Verizon v. FCC, the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit vacated portions of the order that the court determined could only be applied to common carriers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ajit Pai</span> American lawyer (born 1973)

Ajit Varadaraj Pai is an American lawyer who served as chairman of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) from 2017 to 2021. He has been a partner at the private-equity firm Searchlight Capital since April 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tom Wheeler</span> American businessman and politician (born 1946)

Thomas Edgar Wheeler is an American businessman and former government official. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 31st Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission.

<i>Verizon Communications Inc. v. FCC</i> (2014)

Verizon Communications Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission, 740 F.3d 623, was a case at the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit vacating portions of the FCC Open Internet Order of 2010, which the court determined could only be applied to common carriers and not to Internet service providers. The case was initiated by Verizon, which would have been subjected to the proposed FCC rules, though they had not yet gone into effect. The case has been regarded as an important precedent on whether the FCC can regulate network neutrality.

<i>United States Telecom Association v. FCC</i> (2016)

United States Telecom Association v. FCC, 825 F. 3d 674, was a case at the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit upholding an action by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) the previous year in which broadband Internet was reclassified as a "telecommunications service" under the Communications Act of 1934, after which Internet service providers (ISPs) were required to follow common carrier regulations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brendan Carr (lawyer)</span> American lawyer (born 1979)

Brendan Thomas Carr is an American lawyer who has served as a member of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) since 2017. Appointed to the position by Donald Trump, Carr previously served as the agency's general counsel and as an aide to FCC commissioner Ajit Pai. In private practice, Carr formerly worked as a telecommunications attorney at Wiley Rein.

"Net Neutrality" is the first segment devoted to net neutrality in the United States of the HBO news satire television series Last Week Tonight with John Oliver. It aired for 13 minutes on June 1, 2014, as part of the fifth episode of Last Week Tonight's first season.

References

  1. ↑ "Here's what D.C. region's top trade group CEOs get paid" . Retrieved October 31, 2019.
  2. 1 2 "Biography of Michael K. Powell". Federal Communications Commission. January 18, 2005. Archived from the original on February 20, 2005. Retrieved November 4, 2022. Michael K. Powell was nominated by President William J. Clinton to a Republican seat on the Commission, and was sworn in on November 3, 1997. He was designated chairman by President George W. Bush on January 22, 2001, and served until March 17, 2005.
  3. ↑ "Michael Powell, Ex-FCC Head, Named Top Cable Industry Lobbyist".
  4. 1 2 3 Powell, Colin L.; Persico, Joseph E. (1996) [1995]. My American Journey. New York: Ballantine Books. ISBN   0-345-46641-1 – via Google Books.
  5. ↑ "NCS | National Communications System | Press Releases 2001". Archived from the original on 2009-01-17. Retrieved 2012-02-06.
  6. 1 2 3 Currie, Tyler. "Michael Powell - Recently resigned chairman of the Federal Communications Commission". Washington Post. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  7. ↑ "Statement of Attorney General Janet Reno and Assistant Attorney General Joel I. Klein on the President's Nomination of Michael K. Powell as FCC Commissioner". www.justice.gov. Retrieved 2022-02-16.
  8. ↑ FCC's Michael Powell: Charting the Future of the Telecom Industry Archived 2005-11-14 at the Wayback Machine
  9. 1 2 "Biography of Michael K. Powell". 26 October 2016.
  10. ↑ Madison River Communications, LLC and affiliated companies Archived 2013-12-08 at the Wayback Machine (order text, PDF)
  11. ↑ Cogan, Marin (January 28, 2014). "In the beginning, there was a nipple". ESPN the Magazine. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  12. ↑ "Stern confronts FCC chair on call-in show". 27 October 2004.
  13. ↑ TIMOTHY F. GEITHNER, MICHAEL K. POWELL AND MARTA TIENDA JOIN RAND CORPORATION BOARD OF TRUSTEES
  14. ↑ Michael Powell elected rector of College
  15. ↑ Henry C. Wolf '64, J.D. '66 Elected Rector of the College
  16. ↑ "LACKED 'PASSION' TO RUN FOR PRESIDENT, POWELL SAYS". Deseret News. 1995-11-09. Retrieved 2022-02-16.
  17. ↑ Perks, Ashley (2008-10-20). "Colin Powell splits with son over White House race". The Hill. Retrieved 2022-02-16.
  18. ↑ DeBonis, Mike (2012-08-03). "Is Michael Powell considering a D.C. mayoral run?". Washington Post. Retrieved 2022-02-16.
  19. ↑ Avlon, John (28 February 2013). "The Pro-Freedom Republicans Are Coming: 131 Sign Gay Marriage Brief". The Daily Beast.
  20. ↑ NCTA Names Powell President, Multichannel News, March 15, 2011.
  21. ↑ "The Cable Show Video Player :: The Cable Show 2012". Archived from the original on 2012-08-28. Retrieved 2012-08-31.
  22. ↑ "To fight cyberthreats, let's share". Politico . 24 April 2012.
  23. ↑ Powell, Michael (February 28, 2015). "I SUPPORT NET NEUTRALITY, BUT THAT'S NOT WHAT THE FCC JUST DID".
Government offices
Preceded by Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission
2001–2005		Succeeded by
Academic offices
Preceded by
Susan Aheron Magill
 Rector of the College of William and Mary
2006–2009		Succeeded by
Henry Wolf
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.