Milford, New Zealand

Last updated

Milford
Suburb
Milford Marina Auckland.jpg
Milford Marina
Milford, New Zealand
Coordinates: 36°46′23″S174°45′36″E / 36.773°S 174.76°E / -36.773; 174.76
CountryNew Zealand
City Auckland
Local authority Auckland Council
Electoral ward North Shore ward
Local board Devonport-Takapuna Local Board
Area
[1]
 • Land153 ha (378 acres)
Population
 (June 2023) [2]
 • Total5,020
Postcode(s)
0620
Forrest Hill Castor Bay (Hauraki Gulf)
Wairau Valley
Pfeil oben.svg
Pfeil links.svgMilfordPfeil rechts.svg
Pfeil unten.svg
(Hauraki Gulf)
Hillcrest Takapuna Takapuna

Milford is a suburb located on the North Shore, Auckland. It is located on northern side of Lake Pupuke. It also has a popular swimming beach, which runs some two kilometres from Black Rock in the south to Castor Bay in the north. The Wairau Creek reaches the sea at the Hauraki Gulf at the northern end of Milford Beach, and its lower tidal reaches host the Milford Marina.

Contents

Etymology

The first references to Milford Road date from 1892, [3] and the first references to Milford Beach from 1894. [4] The Milford housing estate is first mentioned from 1910, [5] and some of the earliest references to Milford as a suburb date from 1912. [6] The name's origin is associated with early resident Edwin Harrow who settled in the area in 1881. The name is either a reference to Milford House, one Harrow's residences on the shores of Lake Pupuke where his wife lived after they separated, [7] [8] or to his hometown, Milford Haven in Wales. [9]

Geology

Lake Pupuke is a volcanic maar located between Milford and Takapuna, and one of the oldest known features of the Auckland volcanic field Lake Pupuke, Milford.jpg
Lake Pupuke is a volcanic maar located between Milford and Takapuna, and one of the oldest known features of the Auckland volcanic field
The most recent eruption of Lake Pupuke led to the creation of Takapuna Reef and the Takapuna Fossil Forest Takapuna Fossil Forest 4.jpg
The most recent eruption of Lake Pupuke led to the creation of Takapuna Reef and the Takapuna Fossil Forest

The North Shore is primarily uplifted Waitemata Group sandstone, that was deposited on the sea floor during the Early Miocene, between 22 and 16 million years ago. [10] Milford is home to Lake Pupuke, a volcanic maar which is one of the oldest known features of the Auckland volcanic field, erupting an estimated 193,200 years ago. [11] [12] [13] During the eruption of Lake Pupuke, two lava flows travelled eastwards through the area, burning vegetation and encasing the lower 1–2 metres of the tree trunks in lava. The lava solidified into basalt rock, creating the Takapuna Fossil Forest, which was exposed an estimated 7,000 years ago due to coastal erosion. [14]

Prior to human settlement, pōhutukawa trees dominated the coastal margins of the North Shore. [10] The inland North Shore was a mixed podocarp-broadleaf forest dominated by kauri. To the southwest of Milford is Smiths Bush in the Onewa Domain, a remnant native forest, dominated by kahikatea and taraire trees. [15]

Geography

Milford is located on the northern shores of Lake Pupuke, to the west of Milford Beach. [16] [17] A rock formation called Black Rock is found at the eastern end of Milford Beach. [18] Milford is surrounded by the suburbs of Takapuna, Wairau Valley, Forrest Hill and Castor Bay. The Wairau Creek flows through the North Shore, and enters the Rangitoto Channel of the Hauraki Gulf at Milford. [19] The highest point in the suburb is 49 metres (161 ft) above sea-level, at the northwestern end of Belmont Terrace. [16]

History

Māori history

Māori settlement of the Auckland Region began around the 13th or 14th centuries. [20] [21] The Devonport-Takapuna area was one of the earliest settled in the region, known to be settled by the Tāmaki Māori ancestor Peretū. Toi-te-huatahi and his followers settled and interwed with these early peoples. [22] The pā to the north of Milford at Castor Bay, Te Rahopara o Peretū, takes its name from Peretū. [15]

Milford Beach was traditionally known by the name Onemaewao ("The Beach of Maewao"), referring to supernatural beings who in traditional stories lived on the North Shore, Motutapu and Motuihe. [23] [24] [25] Traditional stories tell of a party of Maewao, foraging for shellfish at the beach, perishing when the sun rose. [24]

The warrior Maki migrated from the Kāwhia Harbour to his ancestral home in the Auckland Region, likely sometime in the 17th century. Maki conquered and unified many the Tāmaki Māori tribes as Te Kawerau ā Maki, including those of the North Shore. [26] [27] After Maki's death, his sons settled different areas of his lands, creating new hapū. His younger son Maraeariki settled the North Shore and Hibiscus Coast, who based himself at the head of the Ōrewa River. Maraeariki's daughter Kahu succeeded him, and she is the namesake of the North Shore, Te Whenua Roa o Kahu ("The Greater Lands of Kahu"). [28] [29] Many of the iwi of the North Shore, including Ngāti Manuhiri, Ngāti Maraeariki, Ngāti Kahu, Ngāti Poataniwha, Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki and Ngāti Whātua, can trace their lineage to Kahu. [29] [22]

The headland above Milford beach north of the Wairau Creek mouth was the location of a defensive pā known as Wairoa Pā. [30]

In the 17th century, Ngāti Pāoa attacked the settlements around the Waitematā Harbour, later intermarrying with the Te Kawerau ā Maki and Ngāi Tai people of the southern North Shore. During intertribal war with Ngāpuhi, the pā at Maungauika / North Head was sieged in 1793, leading Ngāti Pāoa to refocus their settlements on Waiheke Island until the 1830s. [31] During the early 1820s, most Māori of the North Shore fled for the Waikato or Northland due to the threat of war parties during the Musket Wars. [32] [33]

Early colonial period

The historic Milford footbridge in the 1920s Footbridge across the mouth of the Wairau Estuary, Milford Beach (cropped).jpg
The historic Milford footbridge in the 1920s

The Milford area was purchased by the Crown on 13 April 1841 as a part of the Mahurangi Block. [34] [35] [36] The first European farmers arrived in the area in 1847. [37] Early European settlers were predominantly from England, Scotland and Ireland, and they established farms around the lake. [38] Crops such as wheat, maize, barley, potatoes and kūmara were grown at these farms, and homesteads planted single acre orchards dominated by plums, apples and peaches. [39] The Milford area was original known as Campbell's Bush, after John Logan Campbell, who had purchased vast tracts of the North Shore, including the location of modern Kitchener Road in Milford. [40]

By the late 1880s, Takapuna and Lake Pupuke had developed into a destination for tourists, with Lake Pupuke being the main attraction. The increase in tourists encouraged farmers to subdivide their lands. The Lake Hotel was constructed, and large summer residences were constructed on the shores of the lake. [10] The Takapuna and Milford Beach areas, as well as the land surrounding Lake Pupuke soon became popular spots for wealthy businessmen building summer homes to entertain in a rural surrounding, and eventually, many moved here permanently, commuting to work in Auckland via ferry. [41] [10]

James Sheriff operated a kauri gum store at Milford, near the Wairau Creek. Due to Sheriff's home and store, Milford became a point where goods were traded between Auckland and the farms surrounding Milford. [40] By 1900, the Wairau Estuary was increasingly polluted, as the stream's catchment had been converted to pasture. [42]

Suburban development

Aerial view of Milford Beach and Ye Olde Pirate Shippe, between 1929 and 1937 Milford from the air (1920s or 1930s) (cropped).jpg
Aerial view of Milford Beach and Ye Olde Pirate Shippe, between 1929 and 1937
Aerial view of the Milford Marina and Wairau Creek in 1992 Wairau Creek and Milford Marina.jpg
Aerial view of the Milford Marina and Wairau Creek in 1992

In 1910, a private tramway was established, which conveyed passengers from Milford to the ferry at Bayswater. [10] A group of local businessmen proposed the tramway to Auckland Electric Tramways as a way to improve property prices in Takapuna. After the company declined their request due to the low population of the area, the businessmen established the Takapuna Tramways and Ferry Company Limited, operating both the tram and ferry. [43] The plan was a success, leading to rapid suburban development in Takapuna. [10] The tramway soon became unpopular due to competition, [10] [40] and closed 17 years later on 26 April 1927. [43] The trams led to suburban development at Milford, transforming the area from a rural area into a holidaying community. [40] As a part of the suburban development, a tall footbridge over the Wairau Creek was constructed between Milford and the cliffs of southern Castor Bay. [40] [44]

By the 1920s, Milford became a centre for entertainment. [40] In 1922, two competing cinemas were established in Milford, the Milford Picture Drome and the Bridgeway Theatre. [45] [40] In January 1929, Ye Olde Pirate Shippe was opened. An elaborate dance hall and restaurant designed by James Fletcher to look like a pirate ship, the venue was a popular destination for Aucklanders. [46] This was joined by the Milford swimming pool, opened in 1936. [40] In 1927, the Inga Road bridge was constructed. [40] During World War II, American troops often frequented the priate ship. [10] Milford lost its prominence as a tourist destination after the war. The pirate ship was demolished in the 1950s, [10] and the pools were removed in 1957. [40]

During the 1920s, Mr. Sands operated a scoria and basalt quarry at Milford, quarrying the small volcanic cone adjacent to Lake Pupuke. [10] The first concrete road was constructed between Milford and Bayswater, and in the mid-1920s a sewage outlet was constructed at Black Rock in Milford. [9]

The Auckland Harbour Bridge opened in 1959, connecting the North Shore to Auckland City in the south. The bridge caused suburbanisation across the North Shore, and led to Milford transitioning from a holiday community to a residential suburb in the 1960s and 1970s. [47] [10] In 1968, an apartment building called the Circle was constructed at the former Goldie family estate, purported to be the first apartment building with 360 views in New Zealand. [41] In the same year, the Milford marina was constructed at the mouth of the Wairau Creek. Two years later, the historic footbridge was demolished. Intended to be reconstructed soon afterwards, the Milford Cruising Club and members of the Takapuna Community Board blocked reconstruction. [40] In 1975, the marina was expanded, [40] which led to a boating industry developing at Milford. [9]

In December 1994, the Milford Shopping Centre opened. [47] It was sold to new proprietors in 2006, [48] and covers 14,000 square metres (150,000 sq ft). [49] It consists of 757 carparks and 65 retailers, including The Warehouse [50] and a Countdown supermarket. [51]

In December 2015, the Wairau Stream Pedestrian Bridge was opened. [52]

Demographics

Milford covers 1.53 km2 (0.59 sq mi) [1] and had an estimated population of 5,020 as of June 2023, [2] with a population density of 3,281 people per km2.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
20064,773—    
20134,767−0.02%
20185,019+1.04%
Source: [53]

Milford had a population of 5,019 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 252 people (5.3%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 246 people (5.2%) since the 2006 census. There were 2,025 households, comprising 2,358 males and 2,664 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.89 males per female, with 720 people (14.3%) aged under 15 years, 822 (16.4%) aged 15 to 29, 2,262 (45.1%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,215 (24.2%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 72.4% European/Pākehā, 4.1% Māori, 1.2% Pacific peoples, 24.3% Asian, and 3.4% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 40.4, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 50.5% had no religion, 37.8% were Christian, 0.1% had Māori religious beliefs, 1.0% were Hindu, 1.3% were Muslim, 1.5% were Buddhist and 2.1% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 1,602 (37.3%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 408 (9.5%) people had no formal qualifications. 1,182 people (27.5%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,980 (46.1%) people were employed full-time, 585 (13.6%) were part-time, and 126 (2.9%) were unemployed. [53]

Individual statistical areas
NameArea (km2)PopulationDensity (per km2)HouseholdsMedian ageMedian income
Milford West0.833,0723,7011,20341.6 years$38,000 [54]
Milford Central0.741,9472,63182253.3 years$45,800 [55]
New Zealand37.4 years$31,800

Local government

The first local government in the area was the Lake Highway District, also known as the Takapuna Highway District, which began operating 1867. In June 1889 the road board was dissolved, in favour of Takapuna being under the direct control of the Waitemata County Council. [10] The Borough of Takapuna was established on 1 July 1913, after 73% of electors in Takapuna voted for independence from the Waitemata County, which included Milford. [56]

After significant growth in population, Takapuna Borough became Takapuna City in 1961. [10] In 1989, Takapuna City was merged into the North Shore City. [57] North Shore City was amalgamated into Auckland Council in November 2010. [58]

Within the Auckland Council, Milford is a part of the Devonport-Takapuna local government area governed by the Devonport-Takapuna Local Board. It is a part of the North Shore ward, which elects two councillors to the Auckland Council. For national politics, Milford is part of the North Shore electorate, which is currently represented by National member of parliament Simon Watts.

Notable people

Amenities

Milford Beach Milford Beach Auckland.jpg
Milford Beach

Education

Carmel College is a girls' secondary (years 7-13) school with a roll of 1,077. [66] It is a state integrated Catholic school, which was founded in 1957. [67]

Milford School is a coeducational contributing primary (years 1-6) school with a roll of 533. [68] It opened in 1926 as a spillover from Takapuna School, and became an independent school in 1946. [69]

Rolls are as of February 2024. [70]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North Shore, New Zealand</span> Subregion of Auckland, New Zealand

The North Shore is one of the major geographical regions of Auckland, the largest city in New Zealand. The area is defined as the northern shores of the Waitematā Harbour as far north as the Ōkura River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northcote, Auckland</span> Suburb in Auckland, New Zealand

Northcote is a suburb of Auckland in northern New Zealand. It is situated on the North Shore, on the northern shores of Waitematā Harbour, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) northwest of the Auckland City Centre. The suburb includes the peninsula of Northcote Point where the northern approaches to the Auckland Harbour Bridge are located, and Northcote Central, the commercial centre of Northcote. Northcote features two volcanic maars.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">East Coast Bays</span> Area of the North Shore, Auckland, New Zealand

East Coast Bays is a string of small suburbs that form the northernmost part of the North Shore, part of the contiguous Auckland metropolitan area in New Zealand. The suburbs line the north-east coast of the city along the shore of the Hauraki Gulf and Rangitoto Channel. They include, from north to south, Long Bay, Torbay, Waiake Bay, Browns Bay, Rothesay Bay, Murrays Bay, Mairangi Bay, Campbells Bay and Castor Bay. Most of the East Coast Bays are covered under the East Coast Bays subdivision of the Hibiscus and Bays local board area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Birkenhead, New Zealand</span> Suburb in Auckland, New Zealand

Birkenhead is a suburb of Auckland, in northern New Zealand. It is located on the North Shore of the Waitematā Harbour, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) northwest of the Auckland City Centre. The area has been settled by Tāmaki Māori since at least the 14th century, and is the location of Te Matarae ō Mana, a fortified pā for Te Kawerau ā Maki that overlooked an important seasonal shark fishery. European settlement in Birkenhead began in late the 1840s, and by the late 19th century the area became renowned for strawberry crops. In 1884, the Chelsea Sugar Refinery was constructed in Birkenhead, becoming a major source of income for Birkenhead. The increased population growth led to Birkenhead becoming one of the first boroughs of Auckland in 1888. Birkenhead transitioned from a semi-rural community to suburban Auckland after the opening of the Auckland Harbour Bridge in 1959, becoming a city in 1978. In 1989, Birkenhead City was amalgamated with North Shore City.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Takapuna</span> Suburb in Auckland, New Zealand

Takapuna is a suburb located on the North Shore of Auckland, New Zealand. The suburb is an isthmus between Shoal Bay, arm of the Waitematā Harbour, and the Hauraki Gulf. Lake Pupuke, a volcanic maar and one of the oldest features of the Auckland volcanic field, is a freshwater lake located in the suburb.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glenfield, New Zealand</span> Suburb in Auckland, New Zealand

Glenfield is a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand, located on the North Shore. Established as a rural community in the 1850s, the area developed as a suburban part of Auckland after the completion of the Auckland Harbour Bridge in 1959.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Browns Bay, New Zealand</span> Suburb in Auckland, New Zealand

Browns Bay is one of the most northernmost suburbs in the contiguous Auckland metropolitan area, located in the North Shore. Named after the Brown family who settled here in 1876, Browns Bay became a holiday destination in the late 19th century. The area gradually developed into a suburb of Auckland in the 1950s, and was the administrative centre for the East Coast Bays City from 1975 until it was disestablished in 1989. During the 1990s, the suburb became a hub for the South African New Zealander community.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mairangi Bay</span> Suburb in Auckland, New Zealand

Mairangi Bay is a coastal suburb of North Shore, Auckland, located in the northern North Island of New Zealand, on the south-east-facing peninsula forming the northern side of the Waitematā Harbour. Mairangi Bay came under the local governance of the North Shore City Council until subsumed into the Auckland Council in 2010.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greenhithe, New Zealand</span> Suburb in Auckland, New Zealand

Greenhithe is a northwestern suburb of Auckland, New Zealand, located on the North Shore. Greenhithe was the location of Tauhinu, a fortified Te Kawerau ā Maki and Ngāti Whātua pā which overlooked the entrance to Oruamo or Hellyers Creek, that was settled until the 1820s. In the 1860s, the Forgham family established a community at Greenhithe, which by the 1880s had become a major fruit producer for Auckland. Boat repair and construction became major industries in Greenhithe in the 1960s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Torbay, New Zealand</span> Suburb in Auckland, New Zealand

Torbay is a northern suburb of Auckland, New Zealand. It is located in the upper East Coast Bays of the city's North Shore, and is governed by Auckland Council.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Belmont, Auckland</span> Suburb in Auckland, New Zealand

Belmont is a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand, located on the North Shore. The suburb is in the North Shore ward, one of the thirteen administrative divisions of Auckland Council.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Castor Bay</span> Suburb in Auckland, New Zealand

Castor Bay is a bay and suburb of the North Shore, located in Auckland which is in the North Island of New Zealand. Located between Milford and Campbells Bay, it is part of the East Coast Bays. To the east lies the islands of Rangitoto and Motutapu, which are easily visible from land. The suburb is in the North Shore ward, one of the thirteen administrative divisions of Auckland Council.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rothesay Bay</span> Suburb in Auckland, New Zealand

Rothesay Bay is a small suburb in Auckland's East Coast Bays region. The suburb is roughly the same size as Murrays Bay, the suburb to the immediate south.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Murrays Bay</span> Suburb in Auckland, New Zealand

Murrays Bay is a small suburb in the East Coast Bays region, located in the North Shore of Auckland. The suburb is roughly the same size as Rothesay Bay, the suburb to the immediate north. It is primarily a residential area but does have a community centre, restaurant and café. Murrays Bay is regularly serviced by buses which go to Takapuna and the Auckland city centre.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Long Bay, New Zealand</span> Suburb in Auckland, New Zealand

Long Bay is one of the northernmost suburbs of the North Shore, part of the contiguous Auckland metropolitan area located in New Zealand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Campbells Bay</span> Suburb in Auckland, New Zealand

Campbells Bay is a suburb of the North Shore located in Auckland, New Zealand. Centennial Park is a popular recreational space that has walking tracks and stunning harbour views.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Waiake</span> Suburb in Auckland, New Zealand

Waiake is one of the northernmost suburbs of the North Shore, in Auckland, New Zealand. It is located in the East Coast Bays between the suburbs of Browns Bay to the south and Torbay to the north. It has a beach, which looks out to the Tor, a presque-isle at the north end of the beach that becomes an island at high tide. Waiake is under the local governance of the Auckland Council.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Schnapper Rock</span> Suburb in Auckland, New Zealand

Schnapper Rock is a western suburb on the North Shore of Auckland, New Zealand. The suburb is currently under local governance of Auckland Council. The area was known for a gum digging hut used by early European settlers in the mid-19th century. North Shore Memorial Park was opened area in 1974, and the area developed into suburban housing in the early 2000s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oruamo or Hellyers Creek</span> River in Auckland Region, New Zealand

Oruamo or Hellyers Creek is a stream and tidal estuary of Upper Waitematā Harbour in the Auckland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows through the western North Shore.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shoal Bay, New Zealand</span> Bay in the Waitematā Harbour

Shoal Bay is a bay of the Waitematā Harbour in Auckland, New Zealand. It is located on the North Shore.

References

  1. 1 2 "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  2. 1 2 "Population estimate tables - NZ.Stat". Statistics New Zealand . Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  3. ↑ "Page 8 Advertisements Column 3". The New Zealand Herald . Vol. XXIX, no. 8842. 2 April 1892. p. 8 – via Papers Past.
  4. ↑ "Stopping a Public Road". The New Zealand Herald . Vol. XXXI, no. 9411. 18 January 1894. p. 3 – via Papers Past.
  5. ↑ "Property Sales". Auckland Star . Vol. XLI, no. 217. 13 September 1910. p. 5 – via Papers Past.
  6. ↑ "Rushbrook Estate". Observer. Vol. XXXII, no. 19. 20 January 1912. p. 9 – via Papers Past.
  7. ↑ "Page 1 Advertisements Column 8". The New Zealand Herald . Vol. XXXI, no. 9422. 31 January 1894. p. 1 – via Papers Past.
  8. ↑ "The Family Silver". Auckland Star . Vol. XXX, no. 230. 28 September 1899. p. 9 – via Papers Past.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Heritage Consultancy Services (1 July 2011). North Shore Heritage - Thematic Review Report (PDF) (Report). Auckland Council . Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Heritage Consultancy Services (1 July 2011). North Shore Heritage - Thematic Review Report Volume 1 (PDF) (Report). Auckland Council. ISBN   978-1-927169-21-6 . Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  11. ↑ Hopkins, Jenni L.; Smid, Elaine R.; Eccles, Jennifer D.; Hayes, Josh L.; Hayward, Bruce W.; McGee, Lucy E.; van Wijk, Kasper; Wilson, Thomas M.; Cronin, Shane J.; Leonard, Graham S.; Lindsay, Jan M.; Németh, Karoly; Smith, Ian E. M. (3 July 2021). "Auckland Volcanic Field magmatism, volcanism, and hazard: a review". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 64 (2–3): 213–234. doi:10.1080/00288306.2020.1736102. hdl: 2292/51323 . S2CID   216443777.
  12. ↑ Leonard, Graham S.; Calvert, Andrew T.; Hopkins, Jenni L.; Wilson, Colin J. N.; Smid, Elaine R.; Lindsay, Jan M.; Champion, Duane E. (1 September 2017). "High-precision 40Ar/39Ar dating of Quaternary basalts from Auckland Volcanic Field, New Zealand, with implications for eruption rates and paleomagnetic correlations". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 343: 60–74. Bibcode:2017JVGR..343...60L. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.05.033. ISSN   0377-0273.
  13. 1 2 Janssen, Peter (January 2021). Greater Auckland Walks. New Holland Publishers. p. 45-46. ISBN   978-1-86966-516-6. Wikidata   Q118136068.
  14. ↑ Hayward, B.W. (2019). Volcanoes of Auckland: A Field Guide. Auckland University Press. pp. 77–81. ISBN   9781776710492.
  15. 1 2 Cameron, Ewen; Hayward, Bruce; Murdoch, Graeme (2008). A Field Guide to Auckland: Exploring the Region's Natural and Historical Heritage (rev. ed.). Random House New Zealand. p. 137. ISBN   978-1-86962-1513.
  16. 1 2 "Place name detail: Milford". New Zealand Gazetteer. New Zealand Geographic Board . Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  17. ↑ "Place name detail: Milford Beach". New Zealand Gazetteer. New Zealand Geographic Board . Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  18. ↑ "Black Rock". New Zealand Gazetteer. Toitū Te Whenua Land Information New Zealand . Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  19. ↑ "Place name detail: Wairau Creek". New Zealand Gazetteer. New Zealand Geographic Board . Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  20. ↑ Pishief, Elizabeth; Shirley, Brendan (August 2015). "Waikōwhai Coast Heritage Study" (PDF). Auckland Council . Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  21. 1 2 Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki; The Trustees of the Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki Trust; The Crown (7 November 2015). "Deed of Settlement Schedule Documents" (PDF). NZ Government. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
  22. ↑ Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki (April 2016). Cultural Values Assessment Report to New Zealand Transport Agency for Northern Corridor Improvements Project (NCI) (PDF) (Report). NZ Transport Agency . Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  23. 1 2 Simmons, D. R. (1979). "George Graham's Maori Place Names of Auckland". Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum . 16: 11–39. ISSN   0067-0464. JSTOR   42906272. Wikidata   Q58677091.
  24. ↑ Dodd, Andy (May 2008). Motutapu Archaeological and Historic Landscapes Heritage Assessment (PDF) (Report). Department of Conservation . Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  25. ↑ "Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area" (PDF). Auckland Council. December 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  26. ↑ Murdoch, Graeme (1990). "Nga Tohu o Waitakere: the Maori Place Names of the Waitakere River Valley and its Environs; their Background History and an Explanation of their Meaning". In Northcote-Bade, James (ed.). West Auckland Remembers, Volume 1. West Auckland Historical Society. pp. 13–14. ISBN   0-473-00983-8.
  27. ↑ Ngāti Manuhiri; The Crown (21 May 2011). "Deed of Settlement of Historical Claims" (PDF). New Zealand Government . Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  28. 1 2 Whaanga, Mel (March 2022). "He taonga o te rohe". Restore Hibiscus & Bays. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  29. ↑ Schedule 14.1 Schedule of Historic Heritage (PDF) (Report). Auckland Council . Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  30. ↑ Brassey, Robert (June 2021). Te Puna Springs site - ID 01164 (PDF) (Report). Auckland Council. pp. 217–219. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  31. ↑ Trilford, Danielle; Campbell, Matthew (30 July 2018). Long Bay Regional Park Northern Entrance, archaeological investigations (HNZPTA authority 2016/575) (PDF) (Report). CFG Heritage Ltd. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  32. ↑ Ngāti Manuhiri; The Crown (21 May 2011). "Deed of Settlement of Historical Claims" (PDF). New Zealand Government . Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  33. ↑ Bartlett, Jean 2001, pp. 19–22.
  34. ↑ McClure, Margaret 1987, pp. 14.
  35. ↑ Christmas, Judith 1983, pp. 8.
  36. ↑ Verran, David 2010, pp. 33.
  37. ↑ Bartlett, Jean 2001, pp. 23.
  38. ↑ Bartlett, Jean 2001, pp. 30–32.
  39. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "History of Milford". Milford Residents Association. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  40. 1 2 3 Anderson, Louise (January 2002). "Takapuna - Milford Walk" (PDF). North Shore: North Shore City. p. 6. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  41. ↑ Armstrong, Guy (11 October 2019). "How did Wairau Estuary get this way?" (PDF). The Rangitoto Observer. pp. 11–13. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  42. 1 2 Stewart, Graham (1973). The End of the Penny Section: When Trams Ruled the Streets of New Zealand. Wellington: Grantham House. pp. 95–96, 204. ISBN   1-86934-037-X.
  43. ↑ Bartlett, Jean 2001, pp. 107.
  44. ↑ Bartlett, Jean 2001, pp. 86–91.
  45. ↑ Verran, David 2010, pp. 218.
  46. 1 2 3 Sinclair Knight Merz (2006). North Shore City District Plan Application for Private Plan Change (PDF) (Report). North Shore City Council . Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  47. ↑ "Milford Centre: The shopping centre that dares to be different". ICG. theregister.co.nz. 20 June 2017.
  48. ↑ Gibson, Anne (14 January 2019). "$200m Milford plans reignited: Application lodged for 9-level apartment block". New Zealand Media and Entertainment. The New Zealand Herald.
  49. ↑ Gibson, Anne (10 November 2023). "The Warehouse Group to close 28-year-old Milford store on Auckland's North Shore". NZ Herald. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  50. ↑ "Milford Centre". milfordcentre.co.nz. NZRPG.
  51. 1 2 Beck, Carolyn (1 August 2017). "Crossing an exasperating little stream: the Milford foot bridge". Auckland Libraries . Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  52. 1 2 "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Milford West (125400) and Milford Central (125900).
  53. ↑ 2018 Census place summary: Milford West
  54. ↑ 2018 Census place summary: Milford Central
  55. ↑ Bartlett, Jean 2001, pp. 51.
  56. ↑ McClure, Margaret (6 December 2007). "Auckland places - The North Shore". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand . Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  57. ↑ Blakeley, Roger (2015). "The planning framework for Auckland 'super city': an insider's view". Policy Quarterly. 11 (4). doi: 10.26686/pq.v11i4.4572 . ISSN   2324-1101.
  58. ↑ "Milford Marine History". Milford Mariners Inc. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  59. ↑ "About MCC & Club History". Milford Cruising Club. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  60. ↑ "Beacon". Auckland Public Art. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  61. ↑ OurAuckland (1 July 2020). "Milford Reserve's new work of light Beacon brings new lighting dimension to beach-side park". Auckland Council . Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  62. ↑ "Sylvan Park". Auckland Council . Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  63. ↑ "History". Milford Bowling Club. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  64. ↑ "History". St Paul's Anglican Church Milford. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  65. ↑ Education Counts: Carmel College
  66. ↑ "About Carmel College". Carmel College. Retrieved 25 January 2009.
  67. ↑ Education Counts: Milford School
  68. ↑ "Back to the future for Milford Primary". Shore News. 17 October 2001. p. 13.
  69. ↑ "New Zealand Schools Directory". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved 14 March 2024.

Bibliography

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.