Minister of Labour (Canada)

Minister of Labour
Ministre du Travail
Incumbent Steven MacKinnon since July 19, 2024
Employment and Social Development Canada
Style	The Honourable
Member of	Cabinet Privy Council [1]
Reports to	Parliament Prime Minister [2]
Appointer	Monarch (represented by the governor general); [3] on the advice of the prime minister [4]
Term length	At His Majesty's pleasure
Inaugural holder	William Lyon Mackenzie King
Formation	2 June 1909
Salary	CA$269,800 (2019) [5]
Website	www.canada.ca/labour

The minister of Labour (French : Ministre du Travail) is the minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible for the labour portfolio of Employment and Social Development Canada. From 2015 to 2019, the portfolio was included in that of the Minister of Employment, Workforce Development and Labour, but was split in 2019 during the government of Justin Trudeau. The office has been held by Steven MacKinnon since 2024, who is also the Minister of Seniors.

History

The Department of Labour was created in 1900 through the efforts of the then postmaster general, William Mulock, who already held the responsibility for labour affairs, and William Lyon Mackenzie King becoming, respectively, the first minister and deputy minister of the new department. ^{[6] [7]} Until June, 1909, the postmaster general acted as minister of labour. ^{[8] [9]}

The Ministry of Labour oversaw a variety of issues, including union riots against immigration in 1907, ^[10] post-war promotion of the federal Labour-Management Cooperation Service, ^[11] and legislation surrounding the formation of unions. ^[12]

In 1996, the Department of Labour was abolished, but the ministerial position continued within Human Resources Development Canada from 1996 to 2003 and Human Resources and Social Development Canada from 2003 to date. ^[13]

From 1993 to 1996, the Department of Labour was amalgamated with the Department of Employment and Immigration to create Human Resources Development Canada. Although the intent was to replace two Cabinet posts with a single minister of human resources development, the desire to appoint "star candidate" Lucienne Robillard's to Cabinet in 1995 gave the position a reprieve from amalgamation—Robillard was given the title and positioned as a second minister inside HRDC, responsible for the Labour Program.

A December, 2003, reorganization had seen HRDC dismantled and labour responsibilities passing to a successor department, Human Resources and Skills Development Canada, again with two ministers: a minister of labour and a minister of human resources and skills development. The name change to Labour and Housing occurred seven months later. The Ministry of HRDC was reconstituted in February, 2006, as Human Resources and Social Development Canada, but still with two ministers.

In 2004, the portfolio was renamed from Labour to Labour and Housing.

From 2004 to 2006, the position was styled the minister of labour and housing (French : ministre du travail et du logement), a name change corresponding with responsibility for the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation being transferred to the portfolio at that time. Minister of labour remains the title for legal purposes. ^[14]

In 2015, the Labour portfolio was merged into the expanded ministry of Employment, Workforce, and Labour, gaining some responsibilities previously held by the minister of employment and social development. ^[15]

In 2019, following the 2019 Canadian federal election, the portfolio was split between the Minister of Labour and the Minister of Employment, Workforce Development and Disability Inclusion, with Filomena Tassi being appointed the new minister of Labour on November 20. ^[16]

List of ministers

Key:

   Liberal Party of Canada

  Historical conservative parties: Liberal-Conservative, Conservative (historical), Unionist, National Liberal and Conservative, Progressive Conservative

   Conservative Party of Canada

No.	Portrait	Name	Term of office		Political party	Ministry
Minister of Labour
For ministers responsible for labour issues before 1909, see Postmaster General of Canada.
1		William Lyon Mackenzie King	June 2, 1909	October 6, 1911	Liberal	8 (Laurier)
2		Thomas Wilson Crothers	October 10, 1911	October 12, 1917	Conservative (historical)	9 (Borden)
			October 12, 1917	November 6, 1918	Unionist	10 (Borden)
3		Gideon Robertson 1st time	November 8, 1918	July 10, 1920	Unionist
			July 10, 1920	December 29, 1921	National Liberal and Conservative	11 (Meighen)
4		James Murdock	December 29, 1921	November 13, 1925	Liberal	12 (King)
*		James Horace King Acting	November 13, 1925	March 8, 1926	Liberal
5		John Campbell Elliott	March 8, 1926	June 29, 1926	Liberal
*		Robert James Manion Acting	June 29, 1926	July 13, 1926	Conservative (historical)	13 (Meighen)
6		George Burpee Jones	July 13, 1926	September 25, 1926	Conservative (historical)
7		Peter Heenan	September 25, 1926	August 7, 1930	Liberal	14 (King)
(3)		Gideon Robertson 2nd time [17]	August 7, 1930	February 3, 1932	Conservative (historical)	15 (Bennett)
8		Wesley Ashton Gordon	February 3, 1932	October 23, 1935	Conservative (historical)
9		Norman McLeod Rogers	October 23, 1935	September 18, 1939	Liberal	16 (King)
10		Norman Alexander McLarty	September 18, 1939	December 14, 1941	Liberal
11		Humphrey Mitchell	December 14, 1941	November 15, 1948	Liberal
			November 15, 1948	August 2, 1950		17 (St. Laurent)
*		Paul Martin Sr. Acting	August 2, 1950	August 6, 1950	Liberal
12		Milton Fowler Gregg	August 6, 1950	June 21, 1957	Liberal
13		Michael Starr	June 21, 1957	April 22, 1963	Progressive Conservative	18 (Diefenbaker)
14		Allan MacEachen	April 22, 1963	December 18, 1965	Liberal	19 (Pearson)
15		John Robert Nicholson	December 18, 1965	April 20, 1968	Liberal
16		Jean-Luc Pépin	April 20, 1968	July 6, 1968	Liberal	20 (P. E. Trudeau)
17		Bryce Mackasey	July 6, 1968	January 28, 1972	Liberal
18		Martin O'Connell	January 28, 1972	November 27, 1972	Liberal
19		John Munro	November 27, 1972	September 8, 1978	Liberal
*		André Ouellet Acting	September 8, 1978	November 24, 1978	Liberal
(18)		Martin O'Connell 2nd time	November 24, 1978	June 4, 1979	Liberal
20		Lincoln Alexander	June 4, 1979	March 3, 1980	Progressive Conservative	21 (Clark)
21		Gerald Regan	March 3, 1980	September 22, 1981	Liberal	22 (P. E. Trudeau)
22		Charles Caccia	September 22, 1981	August 12, 1983	Liberal
23		André Ouellet	August 12, 1983	June 30, 1984	Liberal
			June 30, 1984	September 17, 1984		23 (Turner)
24		Bill McKnight	September 17, 1984	June 30, 1986	Progressive Conservative	24 (Mulroney)
25		Pierre Cadieux	June 30, 1986	January 30, 1989	Progressive Conservative
26		Jean Corbeil	January 30, 1989	April 21, 1991	Progressive Conservative
27		Marcel Danis	April 21, 1991	June 25, 1993	Progressive Conservative
28		Bernard Valcourt	June 25, 1993	November 4, 1993	Progressive Conservative	25 (Campbell)
29		Lloyd Axworthy	November 4, 1993	February 22, 1995	Liberal	26 (Chrétien)
30		Lucienne Robillard	February 22, 1995	January 25, 1996	Liberal
31		Alfonso Gagliano	January 25, 1996	June 11, 1997	Liberal
32		Lawrence MacAulay	June 11, 1997	November 23, 1998	Liberal
33		Claudette Bradshaw	November 23, 1998	December 12, 2003	Liberal
			December 12, 2003	July 20, 2004		27 (Martin)
Minister of Labour and Housing
34		Joe Fontana [18]	July 20, 2004	February 6, 2006	Liberal
Minister of Labour
35		Jean-Pierre Blackburn	February 6, 2006	October 30, 2008	Conservative	28 (Harper)
36		Rona Ambrose	October 30, 2008	January 19, 2010	Conservative
37		Lisa Raitt	January 19, 2010	July 15, 2013	Conservative
38		Kellie Leitch	July 15, 2013	November 4, 2015	Conservative
Minister of Employment, Workforce Development and Labour
39		MaryAnn Mihychuk	November 4, 2015	January 10, 2017	Liberal	29 (J. Trudeau)
40		Patty Hajdu [19]	January 10, 2017	November 20, 2019	Liberal
Minister of Labour
41		Filomena Tassi	November 20, 2019	October 26, 2021	Liberal	29 (J. Trudeau)
42		Seamus O'Regan	October 26, 2021	July 19, 2024	Liberal
43		Steven MacKinnon	July 19, 2024		Liberal

References

1. "The Canadian Parliamentary system - Our Procedure - House of Commons". www.ourcommons.ca. Retrieved 2020-04-20.
2. "Review of the Responsibilities and Accountabilities of Ministers and Senior Officials" (PDF).
3. "Constitutional Duties". The Governor General of Canada. Retrieved 2020-04-20.
4. "House of Commons Procedure and Practice - 1. Parliamentary Institutions - Canadian Parliamentary Institutions". www.ourcommons.ca. Retrieved 2020-04-20.
5. "Indemnities, Salaries and Allowances". Library of Parliament. April 11, 2018. Archived from the original on June 1, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
6. "Mulock, Sir William". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Vol. 3. Hurtig Publishers. 1988. p. 1401.
7. Loudon, William James (1932). Sir William Mulock: A Short Biography. Toronto: Macmillan. pp. 106–134.
8. "Canada. Department of Labour". Trent University Archives. Retrieved 24 December 2010.
9. Frances Stanford (2004). Prime Ministers of Canada Gr. 4-8. On The Mark Press. p. 36. ISBN   978-1-77072-750-2.
10. Julie F Gilmour (22 April 2014). The History of Canada Series: Trouble on Main Street: Mackenzie King Reason Race And The 1907 Vancouver Riots. Penguin Canada. p. 34. ISBN   978-0-14-319191-9.
11. Frank A. Kunz (15 December 1965). The Modern Senate of Canada 1925-1963. University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division. pp. 94–95. ISBN   978-1-4875-9107-6.
12. "How “Anti-Union” Laws Saved Canadian Labour". Érudit, Volume 57, Number 1, winter 2002, pp. 3-221
13. "What’s in a name? A look at cabinet changes since Confederation". Hill Times, By Laura Ryckewaert Jun. 28, 2017
14. "Harper defends Air Canada labour dispute intervention". CTV News, March 9, 2012
15. "Here are all 30 cabinet ministers at a glance".The Ottawa Citizen , November 11, 2015
16. "Vancouver-area MPs Jonathan Wilkinson, Carla Qualtrough, Harjit Sajjan, and Joyce Murray back in Trudeau cabinet". The Georgia Straight. 2019-11-20. Retrieved 2019-11-21.
17. Frank A. Kunz (15 December 1965). The Modern Senate of Canada 1925-1963. University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division. pp. 94–95. ISBN   978-1-4875-9107-6.
18. Philip Slayton (19 May 2015). Mayors Gone Bad. Penguin Canada. p. 123. ISBN   978-0-14-319451-4.
19. "Justin Trudeau adds fresh faces in cabinet shuffle". Maclean's, Joan Bryden, Jan 10, 2017