Mitsubishi Astron engine

Last updated
Mitsubishi Astron engine
Mitsubishi G54B engine(A135A).JPG
Mitsubishi G54B engine
Overview
Manufacturer Mitsubishi Motors
Also called4G5/4D5
Production1972–present
Layout
Configuration Four-cylinder
Displacement 1.9–2.6 L (1,850–2,555 cc)
Cylinder bore 84 mm (3.31 in)
88 mm (3.46 in)
91.1 mm (3.59 in)
Piston stroke 90 mm (3.54 in)
95 mm (3.74 in)
98 mm (3.86 in)
Valvetrain SOHC 2 valves x cyl.
Compression ratio 8.8:1-21.0:1
Combustion
Turbocharger TD04, TD05 or TF035HL2 variable geometry with intercooler (on some versions)
Fuel system Carburetor
Multi-point fuel injection
Throttle-body fuel injection
Indirect injection
Common rail Direct Injection
Fuel type Gasoline, Diesel
Cooling system Water-cooled
Output
Power output 46–178 PS (34–131 kW)
Torque output 137–400 N⋅m (101–295 lb⋅ft)
Chronology
Successor Sirius 4G64

The Mitsubishi Astron or 4G5/4D5 engine, is a series of straight-four internal combustion engines first built by Mitsubishi Motors in 1972. Engine displacement ranged from 1.8 to 2.6 litres, making it one of the largest four-cylinder engines of its time.

Contents

Design

It employed a hemispherical cylinder head, chain-driven single overhead camshaft (SOHC) and eight valves (two per cylinder). United States passenger car versions had a small secondary intake valve referred to as the "Jet Valve". This valve induced swirl in the intake charge, enabling the use of leaner fuel/air mixtures for lower emissions. It was designed as a cartridge containing the valve spring and seat which simply screwed into a threaded hole in the head, similar to a spark plug but inside the cam cover. The rocker arms for the intake valve were widened on the valve end to accommodate the cartridge, which was equipped with a very soft valve spring in order to avoid wear on the camshaft intake lobe. Modifications to the head were thereby reduced as the Jet Valve negated the necessity for a three-valve-per-cylinder design. [1]

In 1975, the Astron 80 introduced a system dubbed "Silent Shaft": the first use of twin balance shafts in a modern engine. It followed the designs of Frederick Lanchester, whose original patents Mitsubishi had obtained, and proved influential as Fiat/Lancia, Saab and Porsche all licensed this technology.

The 4D5 engine is a range of four-cylinder belt-driven overhead camshaft diesel engines which were part of the "Astron" family, and introduced in 1980 in the then new fifth generation Galant. As the first turbodiesel to be offered in a Japanese passenger car, it proved popular in the emerging SUV and minivan markets where Mitsubishi was highly successful, until superseded by the 4M4 range in 1993. However, production of the 4D5 (4D56) continued throughout the 1990s as a lower-cost option than the more modern powerplants. Until now it is still in production, but made into a modern powerplant by putting a common rail direct injection fuel system into the engine.

4G51 (1.85 liters)

The 4G51 displaces 1.9 L (1,850 cc).

Applications:

4G52 (2.0 liters)

The 4G52 displaces 2.0 L (1,995 cc). Peak power for a 1975 Canter is 100 PS (74 kW), but power increased to as much as 125 PS (92 kW) for the twin-carb version fitted to the Galant GTO GSR and A115 Galant GS-II.

Used an 84 mm × 90 mm (3.31 in × 3.54 in) bore and stroke. In Australia this engine was used in the Sigma, Scorpion and L200.

Applications:

4G53 (2.4 liters)

The SOHC eight-valve 4G53 displaces 2.4 L (2,384 cc), with bore & stroke at 88 mm × 98 mm (3.46 in × 3.86 in). Peak power is 110 PS (81 kW) at 5000 rpm, [3] as fitted to the Rosa bus or the Canter cabover truck. This engine shares its dimensions with the contemporary Fuso 4DR1 diesel engine.

Applications

4G54 (2.6 liters)

The SOHC eight-valve 4G54 (also known as the G54B) displaces 2.6 L (2,555 cc), with bore & stroke at 91.1 mm × 98 mm (3.59 in × 3.86 in). The G54B for the US market had a cylinder head with additional jet valves to improve emissions (MCA-Jet system). The engine was fitted to various Mitsubishi models from 1978 to 1997 and to the American Chrysler K-cars and their derivatives between 1981 and 1987. It was primarily set up longitudinally for use in rear-wheel drive and all-wheel drive platforms but also as a transverse engine in the front-wheel drive platform of the Mitsubishi Magna and Chrysler K platform. Chrysler commonly marketed the engine "Hemi," whereas the Australian-made version was marketed as the "Astron II" and featured "Balance Shaft" technology, which was subsequently licensed to Porsche and other automakers. The original engine featured a Mikuni two-barrel carburetor with a secondary vacuum actuator; later versions adopted EFI. Chrysler commonly paired this engine with its A470 3-speed automatic transmission; in Australia, Mitsubishi adapted it to a 5-speed manual transmission and its "ELC" (Electronic Control) 4-speed automatic transmission, featuring electronic overdrive. Chrysler eventually replaced the 4G54 with its own 2.5 L engine, whereas Mitsubishi replaced it with a 2.4 L engine codenamed 4G64.

Specifications:

ECI-Multi

Multi-point fuel injection

Carburetor

Single two-Venturi downdraught carburetor. 85 kW (114 hp) at 5000 rpm (91 RON), 198 N⋅m (146 lb⋅ft) at 3000 rpm (91 RON). Compression ratio: 8.8:1

Applications:

4G55 (2.3 liters)

The 4G55 displaces 2.3 L (2,346 cc).

4D55 (2.3 liters diesel)

Displacement - 2.3 L (2,346 cc)
Bore x Stroke - 91.1 mm × 90 mm (3.59 in × 3.54 in)
Fuel Type - Diesel
Valves per cylinder - 2 [6] [7] [8]

Non-Turbo

48 kW (65 hp) at 4200 rpm (SAE)
137 N⋅m (101 lb⋅ft) at 2000 rpm (SAE)

Turbo (TC05 non-wastegated turbo)

Turbo (TD04 wastegated turbo)

62 kW (84 PS) at 4200 rpm (DIN) [9]
64 kW (86 hp) at 4200 rpm (SAE)
175 N⋅m (129 lb⋅ft) at 2500 rpm (DIN)
182 N⋅m (134 lb⋅ft) at 2000 rpm (SAE)

4D56 (2.5 liters diesel)

Turbocharged and intercooled 4D56 engine in a 1991 Mitsubishi Pajero 1991 Mitsubishi Pajero 2.5TD Wagon 4D56 engine.jpg
Turbocharged and intercooled 4D56 engine in a 1991 Mitsubishi Pajero

Displacement - 2.5 L (2,477 cc)
Bore x Stroke - 91.1 mm × 95 mm (3.59 in × 3.74 in)
Fuel type - DIESEL

This engine is also built by Hyundai in South Korea, meaning it also sees use in some products made by their Kia subsidiary. Hyundai calls it the D4BA/D4BX (normally aspirated), D4BF (non-intercooled turbo), D4BH (intercooled turbo) .

Non-Turbo

Non-intercooled Turbo

Intercooled Turbo (TD04 Turbo)

Intercooled Turbo (TD04 water-cooled Turbo)

Also known as Hyundai D4BH [14]

Intercooled Turbo TF035HL2 (1st Generation DI-D)

Intercooled Turbo (2nd Generation DI-D)

Intercooled Turbo (3rd Generation DI-D with variable geometry turbo)

With manual transmission

With automatic transmission

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chrysler 1.8, 2.0 & 2.4 engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Chrysler 1.8, 2.0, and 2.4 are inline-4 engines designed originally for the Dodge and Plymouth Neon compact car. These engines were loosely based on their predecessors, the Chrysler 2.2 & 2.5 engine, sharing the same 87.5 mm (3.44 in) bore. The engine was developed by Chrysler with input from the Chrysler-Lamborghini team that developed the Chrysler/Lamborghini Formula 1 V12 engine in the early 1990s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mitsubishi 6A1 engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Mitsubishi 6A1 engine is a series of piston V6 engines from Mitsubishi Motors, found in their small and medium vehicles through the 1990s. They ranged from 1.6 to 2.5 L in size, and came with a variety of induction methods and cylinder head designs and configurations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mitsubishi Sirius engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Mitsubishi Sirius or 4G6/4D6 engine is the name of one of Mitsubishi Motors' four series of inline-four automobile engines, along with Astron, Orion, and Saturn.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mitsubishi Orion engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Mitsubishi Orion or 4G1 engine is a series of inline-four internal combustion engines introduced by Mitsubishi Motors in around 1977, along with the Astron, Sirius, and Saturn. It was first introduced in the Colt and Colt-derived models in 1978. Displacement ranges from 1.2 to 1.6 L.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mitsubishi 4G9 engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Mitsubishi 4G9 engine is a series of straight-4 automobile engines produced by Mitsubishi Motors. All are 16-valve, and use both single- and double- overhead camshaft heads. Some feature MIVEC variable valve timing, and it was the first modern gasoline direct injection engine upon its introduction in August 1996.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mitsubishi 6G7 engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The 6G7 series or Cyclone V6 engine is a series of V6 piston engines from Mitsubishi Motors. Five displacement variants were produced from 1986 to 2021, with both SOHC and DOHC, naturally aspirated and turbo charged layouts. While MIVEC variable valve timing has also been implemented in some versions the 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 L versions were also available with gasoline direct injection. This engine has been the flagship powerplant of the company except when they briefly built a V8 in 1999–2001. The staple of their high-end sedans, it was given twin-turbos for the Mitsubishi GTO, and became the most powerful car ever built by the company at the time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Honda J engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The J-series is Honda's fourth production V6 engine family introduced in 1996, after the C-series, which consisted of three dissimilar versions. The J-series engine was designed in the United States by Honda engineers. It is built at Honda's Anna, Ohio, and Lincoln, Alabama, engine plants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Honda D engine</span> Japanese automobile engines

The Honda D series inline-four cylinder engine is used in a variety of compact models, most commonly the Honda Civic, CRX, Logo, Stream, and first-generation Integra. Engine displacement ranges between 1.2 and 1.7 liters. The D Series engine is either SOHC or DOHC, and might include VTEC variable valve lift. Power ranges from 66 PS (49 kW) in the Logo to 130 PS (96 kW) in the Civic Si. D-series production commenced in 1984 and ended in 2005. D-series engine technology culminated with production of the D15B 3-stage VTEC (D15Z7) which was available in markets outside of the United States. Earlier versions of this engine also used a single port fuel injection system Honda called PGM-CARB, signifying the carburetor was computer controlled.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Suzuki G engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Suzuki G engine is a series of three- and four-cylinder internal combustion engines manufactured by Suzuki Motor Corporation for various automobiles, primarily based on the GM M platform, as well as many small trucks such as the Suzuki Samurai and Suzuki Vitara and their derivatives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Honda F engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Honda F-Series engine was considered Honda's "big block" SOHC inline four, though lower production DOHC versions of the F-series were built. It features a solid iron or aluminum open deck cast iron sleeved block and aluminum/magnesium cylinder head.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toyota HD engine</span> Toyota diesel engine series

The Toyota HD is a series of Diesel engines produced by Toyota.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nissan MA engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The MA is a straight-4 SOHC 0.9 L, 1.0 L, or 1.2 L engine first introduced in 1982 by Nissan, intended primarily for the K10 series Micra/March model. It shares design similarities with the older E engine, with an 8-valve hemispherical cylinder head but differs in that it uses an aluminium cylinder block. Unusually, the specified ignition timing for the MA10 running on the specified 90 RON gasoline was 2 degrees after top dead centre, reflecting a very high flame speed in the compact combustion chambers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mitsubishi 3G8 engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Mitsubishi 3G8 engine is a range of three-cylinder powerplant from Mitsubishi Motors, introduced in the fifth generation of their Mitsubishi Minica kei car. In common with other contemporary engines in the class, it could be specified with many advanced technologies despite its diminutive size, including multi-valve cylinder heads and double overhead camshafts. The top-of-the-line Dangan ZZ variant was also the first kei car to benefit from turbocharging. In 1987 Mitsubishi was the first manufacturer to supercharge a kei vehicle, and in 1989 became the world's first production car to feature five valves per cylinder, ahead of similar developments by Bugatti, Audi, Ferrari and Toyota.

The Mitsubishi 4M4 engine is a range of four-cylinder diesel piston engines from Mitsubishi Motors, first introduced in the second generation of their Montero/Pajero/Shogun SUVs. They superseded the previous 4D5 engine family, main differences are enlarged displacements and the utilization of one or two over-head camshafts. Originally available only as a 2835 cc intercooled turbo, detail improvements in 1996 and a larger 3.2 litre option in 1999 served to improve power, torque, fuel economy and emissions. The final version has 3.0 litres swept volume and Common rail direct injection.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mitsubishi 4A3 engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Mitsubishi 4A3 engine is a range of alloy-headed inline four-cylinder engines from Mitsubishi Motors, introduced in 1993 in the sixth generation of their Mitsubishi Minica kei car. It shares a 72 mm (2.8 in) bore pitch with the 3G8-series three-cylinder engines, but has a considerably shorter stroke so as to stay beneath the 660 cc limit imposed by the Kei class.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volkswagen EA827 engine</span> Family of petrol engines

The EA827 family of petrol engines was initially developed by Audi under Ludwig Kraus leadership and introduced in 1972 by the B1-series Audi 80, and went on to power many Volkswagen Group models. This is a very robust water-cooled engine configuration for four- up to eight- cylinders. In Brazil this engine was produced under the name Volkswagen AP AP.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Honda E0 engine</span> Small Japanese gasoline engines

The E0 series is a three-cylinder gasoline engine developed and manufactured by Honda, with a total displacement of 656 cc. The engine is intended for kei car applications. The E05A and E07A were partially replaced by the Honda P engine but as of 2020 the E07Z engine still saw use in the Acty truck.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">World Gasoline Engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The World Gasoline Engine is a family of straight-4 piston engines, based on the Global Engine Alliance design.

References

  1. "Development of a New Combustion System (MCA-JET) in Gasoline Engine", Hirokazu Nakamura, Tsuneo Ohinouye, Kenji Hori, Yuhiko Kiyota, Tatsuro Nakagami, Katsuo Akishino, Yutaka Tsukamoto, SAE International, February 1978
  2. 1 2 Takayoshi, Seiji (高吉 誠司), ed. (2011-03-17), "トラックメーカーアーカイブ vol.2: 三菱ふそうのすべて [Truck Manufacturer Archive Volume 2: Everything Mitsubishi Fuso]", Camion (in Japanese), Tokyo, Japan: Geibun Mooks, no. 780, p. 65, ISBN   978-4-86396-112-8
  3. Rosa (Brochure), Mitsubishi Motors Corporation, 1979, p. 8, 5.02.33.01(50-8)
  4. 自動車ガイドブック[Automobile Guide Book 1976/1977] (in Japanese), vol. 23, Japan: Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, 1976-10-20, p. 286, 0053-760023-3400
  5. Rohrbach, Hans U., ed. (1982), Internationaler Nutzfahrzeug-Katalog (Inufa) 1982[International Commercial Vehicle Catalog] (in German), vol. 24, Solothurn, Switzerland: Vogt-Schild AG, pp. 104, 107
  6. 1 2 1984 Mitsubishi Trucks Brochure
  7. 1 2 1985 Mitsubishi Trucks Brochure
  8. 1 2 1987 Ford Ranger Brochure
  9. 1 2 3 Büschi, Hans-Ulrich, ed. (March 10, 1983). Automobil Revue '83 (in German and French). Vol. 78. Berne, Switzerland: Hallwag, AG. p. 388. ISBN   3-444-06065-3.
  10. 1983 Mitsubishi Trucks Brochure
  11. Heitz, Rudolf, ed. (1987). Auto Katalog 1988 (in German). Vol. 31. Stuttgart: Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG. p. 202.
  12. 1 2 3 "Thailand's top new 2009 2008 2007 2006 Mitsubishi Triton L200 exporter dealer 4x4 : top Mitsubishi used second hand car exporter : Exporter of New and Used L200 : World 4x4 Dealer and 4x4 Exporter". Jim 4x4. Retrieved 2012-01-27.
  13. - Mitsubishi 4D56 Service Manual
  14. "Hyundai Auto Tech, Inc".
  15. 1 2 "2009 2008 Mitsubishi Triton L200 Thailand Exporter export import on sale rhd lhd new used second hand 4x4 pickup SUV Soni Motors Thailand and Dubai's Top LHD Mitsubishi Triton exporter : Soni Motors Dubai -world's largest largest new Mitsubishi dealer and top used Mitsubishi dealer and exporter. Also top Toyota Vigo and Nissan Navara exporter". Samautogroup.com. Retrieved 2012-01-27.
  16. 1 2 "Mike 4x4 Thailand - Thailand's Leading Used 4x4 Exporter - Selling Toyota Vigo, Mitsubishi Triton and Nissan Navara". Mike4x4.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-10. Retrieved 2012-01-27.
  17. "StartLogic". Unlawyer.net. Archived from the original on 2012-03-10. Retrieved 2012-01-27.
  18. 1 2 http://www.mitsubishi-motors.co.uk/cars/l200 , Mitsubishi L200 (UK website)