Mombi, Manipur

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Mombi
Lonpi
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Mombi
Location in Manipur, India
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Mombi
Mombi (India)
Coordinates: 24°07′55″N93°54′54″E / 24.1319°N 93.9149°E / 24.1319; 93.9149
Country India
State Manipur
District Chandel
Subdivision Chakpikarong
Population
 (2011) [1]
 • Total
464
Language(s)
 • Official Meitei (Manipuri)
 • Regional Kuki-Chin languages
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
Mombi, Manipur

Mombi, [a] also called Lawmpi [3] or Lonpi, [5] is a census village in the Chandel district in Manipur, India. It has a population of 464 in the 2011 census. [1]

Contents

Mombi is a village of historical significance. The burning of the village by the British Raj on 17 October 1917 launched the Anglo-Kuki War that lasted two years. [6]

Geography

The Gazetteer of Manipur (1886) mentions the village Mombi as being situated on a head-stream of the Chakpi River, [2] whose name is Tuiyang (or Tuingam). [7] [8] The Survey of India map, however, places the village on the ridge adjascent to the Tuiyang river valley. [7] The ridge currently houses the State Highway from Sugnu to the Myanmar border near Yangoulen and Khengjang villages (with a village called Tuivang being on the opposite side of the border in Myanmar). [9]

The entire ridge appears to constitute the "Lonpi/Mombi village". At the northwestern end of the ridge, which dips into the valley of Chakpi River is a "New Mombi" village, adjacent to Kuljang. [10] At the southeastern end of the ridge is a peak designated as "Lonpi Gamvet Mol", by the Government of Manipur, a scenic attraction. [11]

History

According to the Gazetteer of Manipur, the village of Mombi was settled by the Mangvung clan of Thadou Kukis (who were known as "Khongjais" in Manipur). [2] [12] The Thadou were probably displaced from Mualpi in Chin Hills, and apparently reused that name (spelt "Mombi" by Manipuris) for their new village. [13]

During the rule of Nara Singh (r. 1834–1850), the Kamhau-Sukte tribes apparently took possession of Mualpi and made several raids on southeastern Manipuri villages, including Mombi and Heeroway. In 1855, after Maharaja Chandrakirti Singh came to power, they burnt down the Namphou/Lamphou village, [b] which is further north close to Chandel. [12] [14] In 1857, the Maharaja led a 1,500-strong force against Kam Hau at Tedim, the chief of the tribes. But the effort failed, with the Manipuri commander getting killed and the troops dispersing "in confusion". The Maharaja was forced to agree to a border with Kam Hau along the Chakpi River. [15] Thus Mombi remained in the hands of the Kamhau-Sukte tribes. The Maharaja established a border post at Namphou to the north of Mombi. [16]

In 1872, the Maharaja sent an expedition to the Chivu salt springs (near modern Behiang on the present day southern border of Manipur), ostensibly to support the British Lushai Expedition. The Manipuri troops camped near Chivu for two months and, while returning, arrested the Kamhau chief of Mualpi who happened to pass through the area. Even though the British officials decried the arrest as "treachery", the Maharaja succeeded in marking his desired territorial boundary near Chivu. [17]

After these events, the southern tribes continued to be either independent or paid tributes to the Kamhau-Suktes. From Mombi, the Kamhaus appear to have controlled the hills up to the Khuga River valley. The British administration reports describe a clash between Manipur's khongjai troops and the Kamhaus in 1876, where victory is claimed for the Manipur troops. [18]

In 1894, The British delineated the border between Manipur and the "Chin Hills" region, which was to be awarded Burma. They ran the border close to the previously marked "Pemberton's line" and continued it to Chivu springs. According to scholar Pum Khan Pau, 47 tribal villages that paid tribute to the Kamhau chief were thus transferred to Manipur, Mombi included. [19]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Alternative spellings: Monbi, [2] and Mombee. [3] Scholar Pum Khan Pau notes that the original name of the village in Kuki-Chin languages is "Mualpi", which is also the name of another village in Myanmar's Chin Hills. [4]
  2. ↑ Alternative spellings: "Namfow", "Numfow".

References

  1. 1 2 Chandel District Census Handbook (2011) , p. 194
  2. 1 2 3 Dun, Gazetteer of Manipur (1886) , pp. 164–165
  3. 1 2 Pau, Indo-Burma Frontier (2019), pp. 59–60: "In the 1850s the Kamhaus under Mualpi chief Go Khaw Thang raided the Thado Kuki villages of Mombee (Lawmpi) and Heeroway."
  4. ↑ Pau, Indo-Burma Frontier (2019), p. 224.
  5. ↑ Guite, Fighting the White Men till the Last Bullet (2019), p. 40: "On 14 October, barely two days after the Oktan meeting, the PA took 50 rifles to Mombi (Lonpi) to arrest its chief Ngulkhup.".
  6. ↑ Lunkhopao, Empire of Violence (2021), pp. 77–78.
  7. 1 2 Survey of India mapsheet 83-H, Survey of India, 1944.
  8. ↑ Chandel District Census Handbook (2011), pp. 3, 22.
  9. ↑ Chandel District Census Handbook (2011), p. 157.
  10. ↑ List of Registered Societies under Manipur Soceities Registration Act, 1989, Government of Manipur, 2022.
  11. ↑ Foundation Stone of Eco-tourism at Lonpi, Chandel, Government of Manipur (press release, via e-pao.net), 14 July 2021.
  12. 1 2 Pau, Indo-Burma Frontier (2019), pp. 59–60.
  13. ↑ Pau, Indo-Burma Frontier (2019), p. 82, note 16.
  14. ↑ Annual Administration Report for 1874–75 (1876), p. 5.
  15. ↑ Pau, Indo-Burma Frontier (2019), p. 61.
  16. ↑ Annual Administration Report for 1874–75 (1876), pp. 6–7.
  17. ↑ Pau, Indo-Burma Frontier (2019), pp. 67–69, 160.
  18. ↑ Annual Administration Report for 1875–76 (1876), p. 5.
  19. ↑ Pau, Indo-Burma Frontier (2019), p. 161.

Bibliography


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