Monoplex parthenopeus

Not to be confused with Charonia tritonis.

Monoplex parthenopeus Temporal range: Miocene - Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Apertural view of Monoplex parthenopeus
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 2.3) [1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Littorinimorpha
Family:	Cymatiidae
Genus:	Monoplex
Species:	M. parthenopeus
Binomial name
Monoplex parthenopeus (Salis-Marschlins, 1793)
Synonyms [2]
Cymatium (Cabestana) parthenopius(Salis Marschlins, 1793) Cymatium (Cabestana) parthenopius var. robustaBellatante, 1954 † Cymatium (Linatella) valentineiOlsson & Petit, 1964 Cymatium (Monoplex) echoKuroda & Habe in Kira, 1961 Cymatium (Monoplex) echo iwakawanumsensu Kuroda & Kira Shikama, 1964 Cymatium (Monoplex) parthenopeum (Salis, 1793) Cymatium (Septa) parthenopeum(Salis Marschlins, 1793) Cymatium echoKuroda & Habe in Kira, 1961 Cymatium parthenopeum(Von Salis, 1793) Cymatium parthenopeum parthenopeum(Salis Marschlins, 1793) Cymatium (Septa) parthenopeum(Salis Marschlins, 1793) † Cymatium doliarium var. minorSegre, 1952 Cymatium turtoniE. A. Smith, 1890 Dissentoma primaPilsbry, 1945 Monoplex australasiaePerry, 1811 Murex costatusBorn, 1778 (invalid: junior homonym of Murex costatusPennant, 1777) Murex costulatus Risso, 1826 † Murex doliareBrocchi, 1814 Murex intermediusBrocchi, 1814 Murex parthenopusSalis-Marschlins, 1793 Ranella parthenopaeum(Salis Marschlins, 1793) (incorrect generic placement; incorrect grammatical agreement of species epithet) Ranella pyramidataRisso, 1826 Septa (Monoplex) parthenopea(Salis Marschlins, 1793) Septa (Monoplex) parthenopea echoBeu, 1970 Triton (Monoplex) fossatumGould, 1860 Triton (Simpulum) acclivisHutton, 1873 † Triton abbreviatusBellardi in d'Ancona, 1872 Triton acclivisHutton, 1873 Triton americanumd'Orbigny, 1842 Triton brasilianumGould, 1849 Triton fossatumGould, 1860 (doubtful synonym) † Triton olearium var. escoffieraeFontannes, 1879 Triton parthenopaeum [sic] (misspelling of Triton parthenopeum(Salis Marschlins, 1793)) Triton parthenopaeum var. antupade Gregorio, 1885 Triton parthenopaeum var. milonade Gregorio, 1884 Triton parthenopaeum var. peribrantade Gregorio, 1884 Triton parthenopaeum var. sbilpade Gregorio, 1885 Triton parthenopaeum var. stimumde Gregorio, 1885 Triton succinctumLamarck, 1816 Tritonium hirsutumFranseschini, 1906

Monoplex parthenopeus, ^{[3] [4]} common name the giant triton or giant hairy triton, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cymatiidae. ^[2] It preys on other molluscs.

Fossil records

This species have been recorded as fossils from the Miocene to the Quaternary (from 15.97 to 0.0 million years ago). ^[5]

Distribution

This species occurs worldwide including:

• The Western Atlantic Ocean ^[4]
• New Zealand ^[6]

Description

The maximum recorded shell length is 180 mm. ^[7]

Monoplex parthenopeus (Salis Marschlins, 1793) (d\c) Canary Islands.

Habitat

Trawled 40–60 m. off Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Minimum recorded depth is 0 m. ^[7] Maximum recorded depth is 75 m. ^[7]

Life cycle

Hairy tritons are notable for having particularly long planktonic periods. The veliger larvae remain in the plankton for nearly 300 days, dispersing as far as 4000 km. ^[8] This is the longest known larval duration and dispersal distance of any marine invertebrate which occurs along the west coast of North America. ^[9]

Gallery

• 
  A shell of Monoplex parthenopeus with periostracum removed
• 
  Same shell, apertural view
• 
  Apertural view of Monoplex parthenopeus echo (Kuroda & Habe in Kira, 1961) with operculum and periostracum attached
• 
  Fossil shell of Monoplex parthenopeus from Pliocene of Italy

References

1. Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Cymatium parthenopaeum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2000 e.T6069A12386021. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2000.RLTS.T6069A12386021.en .
2. Monoplex parthenopeus (Salis-Marschlins, 1793) . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 6 December 2018.
3. Cymatium parthenopeum (Salis, 1793)", CLEMAM, accessed 18 February 2011.
4. "Cymatium parthenopeum (von Salis, 1793)". Malacolog Version 4.1.1. A Database of Western Atlantic Marine Mollusca. accessed 17 February 2011.
5. Fossilworks
6. Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN   0-00-216906-1
7. Welch J. J. (2010). "The "Island Rule" and Deep-Sea Gastropods: Re-Examining the Evidence". PLOS One 5(1): e8776. doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0008776 .
8. Scheltema, R. S. 1971. Larval dispersal as a means of genetic exchange between geographically separated populations of shoalwater benthic marine gastropods. Biological Bulletin 140:284–322.
9. AL Shanks, BA Grantham, MH Carr (2003) Propagule dispersal distance and the size and spacing of marine reserves. Ecological Applications, 13, S159-S169.

• Salis Marschlins C. U. von (1793). Reisen in verschieden Provinzen den Königreischs Neapel. Zurich and Leipzig, Ziegler Vol. I: pp. 442 + 10 pl.
• Beu, A. G. (1970). The Mollusca of the subgenus Monoplex (family Cymatiidae). Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Biological Sciences 11 (17): 225-237
• Morton B. & Morton JE. (1983). The sea shore ecology of Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press
• Gofas, S.; Afonso, J.P.; Brandào, M. (Ed.). (S.a.). Conchas e Moluscos de Angola = Coquillages et Mollusques d'Angola. [Shells and molluscs of Angola]. Universidade Agostinho / Elf Aquitaine Angola: Angola. 140 pp
• Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
• Rolán E., 2005. Malacological Fauna From The Cape Verde Archipelago. Part 1, Polyplacophora and Gastropoda.
• Rosenberg, G., F. Moretzsohn, and E. F. García. 2009. Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 579–699 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas.
• Beu A.G. 2010 [August]. Neogene tonnoidean gastropods of tropical and South America: contributions to the Dominican Republic and Panama Paleontology Projects and uplift of the Central American Isthmus. Bulletins of American Paleontology 377-378: 550 pp, 79 pls.

External links

• Pilsbry, H. A. (1945). New Floridian marine mollusks. The Nautilus. 59(2): 59-60
• Perry, G. (1811). Conchology, or the natural history of shells: containing a new arrangement of the genera and species, illustrated by coloured engravings executed from the natural specimens, and including the latest discoveries. 4 pp., 61 plates. London
• Born, I. Von. (1778). Index rerum naturalium Musei Cæsarei Vindobonensis. Pars I.ma. Testacea. Verzeichniß der natürlichen Seltenheiten des k. k. Naturalien Cabinets zu Wien. Erster Theil. Schalthiere; Vindobonae (Vienna); (Kraus)
• Risso, A. (1826-1827). Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe Méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Paris, F.G. Levrault. 3(XVI): 1-480, 14 pls.
• Hutton, F. W. (1873). Catalogue of the marine Mollusca of New Zealand with diagnoses of the species. Didsbury, Wellington. xx + 116 pp.
• Orbigny A. d'. (1841-1853). Mollusques. In: R. de la Sagra (ed.). Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de l'Ile de Cuba. Arthus Bertrand, Paris. Vol 1
• Gould, A. A. (1849). Descriptions of new species of shells, brought home by the U. S. Exploring Expedition. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. 3: 83-85, 89-92, 106-108, 118-121
• Gould, A. A. (1860). Descriptions of new shells collected by the United States North Pacific Exploring Expedition. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. 7: 323-336
• Smith, E. A. (1890). Report on the marine molluscan fauna of the island of St. Helena. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. (1890): 247-317, pls 21-24
• Bellardi, L. (1873). I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte I. Cephalopoda, Pteropoda, Heteropoda. Gasteropoda (Muricidae et Tritonidae). Stamperia Reale, Torino, 264 pp., 15 pl.
• Drawing of the shell
• Photos of Monoplex parthenopeus in the Sealife Collection