In India, a municipal council, municipality, Nagar Palika, Nagar Palika Parishad is an urban local body that administers a city of population 100,000 or more. However, there are exceptions to that, as previously Nagar Palikas were constituted in urban centers with populations over 20,000, so all the urban bodies which were previously classified as Nagar Palikas even if their population was under 100,000. Under the Panchayati Raj system. It interacts directly with the state government, though it is administratively part of the district it is located in. Generally, smaller district cities and bigger towns have a Nagar Palika.
India is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. It is to be distinguished (usually) from the county, which may encompass rural territory or numerous small communities such as towns, villages and hamlets.
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions of municipalities, school district, or political district.
Nagar Palikas are also a form of local self-government entrusted with some duties and responsibilities, as enshrined in the Constitutional (74th Amendment) Act, 1992. Under Article 243Q, it became obligatory for every state to constitute such units.
The 74th amendment made the provisions relating to urban local governments (Nagarpalikas).[1]
Three tier structure:
Municipal corporations
Municipal councils
Nagar panchayats
Composition
The members of the Nagar Palika are elected representatives for a term of five years. The town is divided into wards according to population, and representatives are elected from each ward separately. The members elect a president among themselves to preside over and conduct meetings. Employees of the state government of India, including Chief Officer, Town Planning Engineer, Auditor, Sanitary Inspector, Medical Officer for Health, and Education Officer, among many others, who come from the state public services, are appointed to handle the administrative affairs of the Nagar Palika.
District Education Office is responsible for monitoring Educational, Administrative and Legal activities for schools in District under the Department of Education, Government of India. As of 2012 the office monitored mandals with government schools and private schools serving more than Lakhs Students. Two offices are appointed in each district.
Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities, commercial organisations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes. Irrigation is covered separately.
Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of a surface's water and sub-surface water from an area with excess of water. The internal drainage of most agricultural soils is good enough to prevent severe waterlogging, but many soils need artificial drainage to improve production or to manage water supplies.
Sources of income
A steady and adequate supply of funds is essential for smooth running of all these programmes. The various sources of income of municipal bodies are:
The income from taxes, including on houses, entertainment, electricity, water tax (in certain cities), vehicles, property and land
Toll tax is the most important income of a municipality. All commercial vehicles may receive toll taxes, except auto rickshaw.
Income is also generated from commercial activities like hotels, tourist centres, renting and sale of municipal property, and education cess.
Financial grants from state government are a major source of income for all municipal bodies. Loans are also provided if special projects are undertaken for citizens' welfare.
Professional tax collection from all the employers, i.e. government and private sectors
Kanpur( pronunciation; formerlyCawnpore) is a large city in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. The city is famous for its leather and textile industries. It is the 12th most populous city in India and 11th most populous urban agglomeration. It is also the second largest city proper and the largest urban agglomeration in Uttar Pradesh. Kanpur was an important British garrison town until 1947 when India gained independence. Kanpur the administrative headquarter of Kanpur (Urban) district and Kanpur division.
A municipal council is the legislative body of a municipality such as a city council or a town council.
Bhatapara is a city and a nagar palika in Baloda Bazar - Bhatapara district in the state of Chhattisgarh, India.
Gadhinglaj is a city in the Kolhapur district in the southwestern corner of Maharashtra, India. It is located on the banks of the river Hiranyakeshi. It is the Taluka (Tehsil) headquarters of Gadhinglaj Taluka and a subdivision headquarters of the Gadhinglaj Subdivision of the Kolhapur District. It is governed by a municipal council. The rapidly growing city is the third largest in the Kolhapur District, with a 2011 population of 80,000
Guwahati Municipal Corporation (GMC) is the local government in Guwahati, Assam, India. GMC was formed in the year 1971 by the Guwahati Municipal Corporation Act, 1969. The Corporation was duly constituted in 1974 in the first meeting of the elected councilors as per provision of Sec.45 of this Act.
Nagpur Municipal Corporation is the municipal body administering Nagpur, in Maharashtra state in Central India.
Municipal governance in India has existed since the year 1687, with the formation of Madras Municipal Corporation, and then Calcutta and Bombay Municipal Corporation in 1726. In the early part of the nineteenth century almost all towns in India had experienced some form of municipal governance. In 1882 the then Viceroy of India, Lord Ripon, who is known as the Father of Local Self Government, passed a resolution of local self-government which laid the democratic forms of municipal governance in India.
A municipal corporation, city corporation, Mahanagar Palika, Mahanagar Nigam or Nagar Nigam or Nagara Sabha is a local government in India that administers urban areas with a population of more than one million. The growing population and urbanization in various cities of India were in need of a local governing body that can work for providing necessary community services like health care, educational institution, housing, transport etc. by collecting property tax and fixed grant from the State Government.
Local self-government in India refers to governmental jurisdictions below the level of the state. India is a federal republic with three spheres of government: central (union), state and local. The 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments give recognition and protection to local governments and in addition each state has its own local government legislation. Since 1993, local government in India takes place in two very distinct forms. Urban localities, covered in the 74th amendment to the Constitution, have Nagar Palika but derive their powers from the individual state governments, while the powers of rural localities have been formalized under the panchayati raj system, under the 73rd amendment to the Constitution. For the history of traditional local government in India and South Asia, see panchayati raj.
Local Bodies in Tamil Nadu constitute the three tier administration set-up in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a system of local government which forms the last level from the Centre. Chennai Corporation in the then Madras Presidency, established in 1688, is the oldest such Local Body not only in India but also in any commonwealth nations outside United Kingdom.
Nagar Palika Parishad Bah is institution of Local Governance comprising three blocks Bah, Jaitpur and Pinahat. A Nagar palika or municipality is an urban local body that administers a city. Nagar Palika is Municipality of Bah, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. Nagar Palika is constituted as per the Constitutional provisions in the Constitution of India Act,1992.
Jabalpur Municipal Corporation is the Municipal Corporation responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city of Jabalpur, located in Madhya Pradesh, India. The organization is known, in short, as JMC. This civic administrative body administers an area of 53 km2 (20 sq mi). JMC is headed by Dr. Swati Godbole present Mayor of Jabalpur. The current collector of Jabalpur is Bharat Yadav(IAS).
A nagar parishad or city council is a form of an urban political unit in India comparable to a municipality. An urban local body that administers with less than 20,000 inhabitants is classified as a "nagar panchayat" or "nagar parishad". Nagar parishad are also a form of local self-government, entrusted with some duties and responsibilities, as enshrined and guided upon by the Constitutional Act, 1992.e. g. Dalsighsarai is Nagar Panchayats in samastipur dist.
The Medininagar Municipal Corporation is the municipal organisation of Medininagar, India. Medininagar Municipal Corporation or Medininagar Nagar Nigam, abbreviated MMC, is the chief nodal agency for the administration of Medininagar.
Ujjain Municipal Corporation is the governing body of the city of Ujjain in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
The Meerut Nagar Nigam (MNN) also known as Meerut Municipal Corporation (MMC) is the civic body that governs Meerut city. Established under the Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act-1959, it is responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city.
The Aligarh Nagar Nigam (ANN) also known as Aligarh Municipal Corporation (AMC) is the civic body that governs Aligarh city. Established under the Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act-1959, it is responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city. The municipal corporation covers an area of 40 km2 (15 sq mi). The first mayor of Aligarh elections were held in 1995. As of 2018, Mohammad Furqan from Bahujan Samaj Party is current mayor of Aligarh Municipal Corporation.
Batala municipal council is a Nagar Palika of 36 members with a First-past-the-post voting system, the party in power as of 2019 is the BJP. A Nagar Palika is an urban local body that administers a city of population 100,000 or more. However, there are exceptions, as previously Nagar Palikas were constituted in urban centers with populations over 20,000, so urban bodies which were previously classified as Nagar Palikas are still such even if their population is under 100,000.
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