This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
Overview | |
---|---|
Coordinates | Coordinates: 22°20′17″N114°06′07″E / 22.338049°N 114.101833°E |
Status | Active |
System | Part of Route 8 |
Start | Sai Tso Wan |
End | Nam Wan Kok |
Operation | |
Opened | 20 December 2009 |
Owner | Hong Kong Government |
Traffic | Vehicular |
Toll | No |
Technical | |
Line length | 1.2 km (0.75 mi) |
No. of lanes | 6 lanes (3 lanes per direction) in road tunnel |
Operating speed | 70 km/h (43 mph) |
Nam Wan Tunnel | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Traditional Chinese | 南灣隧道 | ||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 南湾隧道 | ||||||||||
|
Nam Wan Tunnel is a tunnel in Hong Kong opened to traffic on 20 December 2009, [1] along with the West Tsing Yi Viaduct,East Tsing Yi Viaduct and Stonecutters Bridge. The road tunnel,which forms an important part of the HK$15 billion Route 8,linking Tsing Yi and Sha Tin in the city,began construction since 2003 and was completed in 2007.
The twin-tube tunnel,built by the Highways Department of the Government of Hong Kong,is 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi) long and has three lanes in either direction in the southern part of Tsing Yi from Sai Tso Wan to Nam Wan Kok. It provides linkage between the eastern part of the New Territories and Hong Kong International Airport. The tunnel is toll-free.
The twin tunnels are 15 metres (49 ft) wide with 12 cross-passages and emergency walkways,and a portal building at each end. They were formed by blasting through granite and volcanic rocks.
The tunnel cross section is in the form of an arch. The approximate height and width of the arch is 11.2m and 15.3m respectively. The geology comprises coarse volcanic ash tuff on the west side and medium grained granite on the eastern side. Both of these lithologies are intruded by Rhyolite dykes together with some porphyrytic granite and occasional basalt dykes.
The two tubes were constructed using the drill/blast method. Temporary support for the tunnels have been provided by rock-bolts. Permanent supports have been provided by a concrete lining of varying thickness depending upon the stability of the ground.
Three main types of support have been used:400mm un-reinforced,500mm un-reinforced,and 600mm reinforced.
Nearly all of the 550,000 cubic metres (19,000,000 cu ft) of tunnel spoil will be reused in the Penny's Bay reclamation project or processed into aggregates at a local quarry. Spoil was taken away by a fleet of trucks,one leaving the site every 100 seconds during the working day from 8am to 7pm.
Environmental measures taken to minimise noise and nuisance to road users and the public included:a 7.5m-tall noise barrier,and continuous monitoring to ensure noise and vibration limits are not exceeded during tunnel blasting;blast doors for any blasting conducted near roads;and 40 water sprinklers and washing facilities at all exits for vehicles to use before leaving the construction site.
Arup Group were the designers of the tunnel and a joint venture of Gammon Construction and Skanska were the main construction contractors (contract was awarded in January 2003). [2]
The contract also covered construction of tunnel control buildings and the 1.4 kilometres (0.87 mi) dual three-lane West Tsing Yi Viaduct.
The cost for the tunnel has been estimated at HK$470m (civil works) and HK$83 million (electrical and mechanical systems). Fläkt Woods provided the ventilation system for the tunnel.
COWI has provided specialist assistance to Ove Arup and Partners with the design of electrical and mechanical systems for the Nam Wan Tunnel and two adjoining viaducts.
Fläkt Woods provided the ventilation solutions by supplying three immense fans for the tunnel. The axial flow fans measured 2.65 m in diameter,were powered by 900 kW motors and ran at pressures of 3,800 Pa.
Fläkt Woods ran one of the fans continuously to self-destruct,to prove their capability of withstanding temperatures of up to 400 °C for one hour. The fans incorporated guide vanes for flow straightening to achieve maximum performance and ran at 995 RPM.
In the preliminary design phase of the tunnel,COWI established an overall concept for the electrical and mechanical systems with emphasis on safety-related functions such as electric power supply,tunnel lighting,fire fighting,tunnel ventilation and smoke extraction. This overall concept was used as a basis for the detailed design.
Later in the project COWI,reviewed the client's detailed design of electrical and mechanical systems.
The electrical and mechanical systems included the following:medium- and low-voltage distribution (11 kV/0.4 kV);reliable power supply based on UPS and diesel generators;tunnel lighting and road lighting;lighting in portal buildings,technical rooms and cross passages between tunnels;Central Monitoring and Control System (CMCS);fire detection system;public mobile communication system;fire fighting equipment,including fire water booster pumps,hydrants and portable extinguishers;tunnel ventilation for normal operation,congested operation and emergency situations (smoke control);smoke extraction system;pressurised air supply;HVAC and plumbing in portal buildings.
Prior to its formal commissioning,a Community Chest Walk for Millions was held on 15 November 2009 to allow the public to walk across Stonecutters Bridge and East Tsing Yi Viaduct and through Nam Wan Tunnel. Over 30,000 participants took part,raising more than HK$10 million for the charity's Children and Youth Services. [3]
Tsing Ma Bridge is a bridge in Hong Kong. It is the world's 14th-longest span suspension bridge,and was the second longest at time of completion. The bridge was named after the two islands it connects,namely Tsing Yi and Ma Wan. It has two decks and carries both road and rail traffic,which also makes it the largest suspension bridge of this type. The bridge has a main span of 1,377 metres (4,518 ft) and a height of 206 metres (676 ft). The span is the longest of all bridges in the world carrying rail traffic.
Tsing Yi,sometimes referred to as Tsing Yi Island,is an island in the urban area of Hong Kong,to the northwest of Hong Kong Island and south of Tsuen Wan. With an area of 10.69 km2 (4.13 sq mi),the island has extended drastically by reclamation along almost all its natural shore and the annexation of Nga Ying Chau (牙鷹洲) and Chau Tsai. Three major bays or harbours,Tsing Yi Lagoon,Mun Tsai Tong and Tsing Yi Bay (青衣灣) in the northeast,have been completely reclaimed for new towns.
Stonecutters Island or Ngong Shuen Chau is a former island in Victoria Harbour,Hong Kong. Following land reclamation,it is now attached to the Kowloon Peninsula.
The Tung Chung line is one of the ten lines of the MTR system in Hong Kong,linking the town of Tung Chung with central Hong Kong. A part of the Tung Chung line was built along with the Kap Shui Mun Bridge and the Tsing Ma Bridge. The line currently travels through eight stations in 31 minutes along its route. The line is coloured orange on the map.
The Lantau Link,formerly known as the Lantau Fixed Crossing,is a roadway in Hong Kong forming part of Route 8 linking Lantau Island to Tsing Yi,from which other roads lead to the urban areas of Kowloon and the rest of the New Territories. Part of the Airport Core Programme centred on the new Hong Kong International Airport on Lantau,the link was officially opened on 27 April 1997,and it opened to traffic on 22 May the same year.
Ting Kau Bridge is a 1,177-metre (3,862 ft) long cable-stayed bridge in Hong Kong that spans from the northwest of Tsing Yi Island and Tuen Mun Road. It is near the Tsing Ma Bridge which also serves as a major connector between the Hong Kong International Airport on Lantau Island and the rest of Hong Kong. It was completed on 5 May 1998. The bridge is toll-free.
Rambler Channel is a body of water in Hong Kong that separates Tsing Yi Island from Tsuen Wan and Kwai Chung in the New Territories. The channel separates the two landmasses by 900 metres at its widest point.
Route 8 of Hong Kong is a dual 3-lane carriageway motorway that links Lantau Island,Tsing Yi Island,Cheung Sha Wan in West Kowloon,and Sha Tin in the southeast New Territories of Hong Kong. It is a combination of many sections.
The South Island line,identified by light green on the MTR route map,is a rapid transit line of Hong Kong's MTR metro system. This line connects the HK business district from Admiralty station to the Southern District of Hong Kong Island,which was not served by any rail transport prior to the opening of this line. The rolling stock of South Island line is purpose-built for driverless operation. Trains are remotely controlled from the Operations Control Centre in Tsing Yi. Approved by the Executive Council in 2007,the line commenced service on 28 December 2016.
Stonecutters Bridge is a high level cable-stayed bridge spanning the Rambler Channel in Hong Kong,connecting Nam Wan Kok,Tsing Yi to Stonecutters Island. The bridge deck was completed on 7 April 2009,and opened to traffic on 20 December that year. The bridge was the second-longest cable-stayed span in the world at the time of its completion.
The Airport Core Programme (ACP) was a series of infrastructure projects centred on the new Hong Kong International Airport during the early 1990s. The programme was part of the Port and Airport Development Strategy,commonly known as the Rose Garden Project.
Nam Wan Kok is a cape in the southeast corner of Tsing Yi Island,Hong Kong. Its coast was reclaimed and became Container Terminal 9. The Nam Wan Tunnel and Stonecutters Bridge meet there.
Eagle's Nest Tunnel and Sha Tin Heights Tunnel are road tunnels in the New Territories of Hong Kong. Both tunnels were officially opened on 21 March 2008. The tunnels connect Cheung Sha Wan through Eagle's Nest hill to Tai Wai,and are linked by a shared toll plaza. Eagle's Nest Tunnel is connected at its southern end to Stonecutters Bridge and Ching Cheung Road,whereas Sha Tin Heights Tunnel is linked at the northern end to Che Kung Miu Road and Tai Po Road. The tunnels are part of the Tsing Sha Highway of Route 8,and were constructed in anticipation of future traffic demands generated by development in the northeast New Territories. The combined toll for the two tunnels is HK$8.
Tsing Yi Peak or Sam Chi Heung (三支香) is a hill with three peaks occupying the southern half of the Tsing Yi Island,Hong Kong. The hill is situated on the western half of Victoria Harbour. Its peaks are good locations to observe the harbour and the channels among harbour islands. While situated in the south,a short hill Liu To Shan occupies the northwest of the island.
The Central–Wan Chai Bypass is a four-kilometre trunk road running between Sheung Wan and Fortress Hill on Hong Kong Island. The original design consists of a 2.3 km dual three-lane tunnel running under new reclamation areas provided by the Central and Wan Chai Reclamation project,and also connections to Connaught Road West flyover and Island Eastern Corridor. It substitutes Connaught Road Central,Harcourt Road,Gloucester Road and Victoria Park Road to be part of Route 4.
Articles related to Hong Kong include:
Tsing Sha Highway is a major expressway in Hong Kong,which links the island of Tsing Yi to Sha Tin. The road is part of Route 8,which starts in Sha Tin and terminates in Tung Chung. It was opened in March 2008 and extended in December 2009.
The Drainage Services Department (DSD) is a department of the Hong Kong Government responsible for drainage and sewerage. Since 2007 it has been subordinate to the Development Bureau.
Preceded by Stonecutters Bridge | Hong Kong Route 8 Nam Wan Tunnel | Succeeded by Tsing Ma Bridge |