Stonecutters Bridge 昂船洲大橋 | |
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Coordinates | 22°19′33″N114°07′08″E / 22.32575°N 114.11894°E |
Carries | Motor vehicles |
Crosses | Rambler Channel |
Locale | New Territories, Hong Kong |
Characteristics | |
Design | Cable-stayed |
Total length | 1,596 m (5,236 ft) |
Width | 53 m (174 ft) [1] |
Height | 298 m (978 ft) |
Longest span | 1,018 m (3,340 ft) |
Clearance below | 73.5 m (241 ft) |
History | |
Designer | Dissing+Weitling |
Engineering design by | Ove Arup & Partners |
Construction start | 27 April 2004 |
Construction end | 7 April 2009 |
Opened | 20 December 2009 |
Location | |
Stonecutters Bridge | |||||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 昂船洲大橋 | ||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 昂船洲大桥 | ||||||||||
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Stonecutters Bridge is a high level cable-stayed bridge spanning the Rambler Channel in Hong Kong,connecting Nam Wan Kok,Tsing Yi to Stonecutters Island. The bridge deck was completed on 7 April 2009, [2] and opened to traffic on 20 December that year. [3] The bridge was the second-longest cable-stayed span in the world at the time of its completion.
The approaches at Tsing Yi and Stonecutters Island are located near Container Terminal 9 and Container Terminal 8,respectively.
The bridge is part of Hong Kong's Route 8,connecting Sha Tin,Cheung Sha Wan,Tsing Yi island,Ma Wan and Lantau Island. Other major constructions along the route are Nam Wan Tunnel (completed in 2008),Eagle's Nest Tunnel (completed in 2008),Sha Tin Heights Tunnel (completed in 2008),Tsing Ma Bridge (completed in 1997) and Kap Shui Mun Bridge (completed in 1997).
The Stonecutters Bridge won the 2010 Supreme Award at the annual Structural Awards presented by the Institution of Structural Engineers,United Kingdom.
Construction commenced on 27 April 2004 by Maeda-Hitachi-Yokogawa-Hsin Chong JV (a joint venture of Maeda Corporation,Hitachi Zosen Corporation,Yokogawa Bridge Corporation,and Hsin Chong). It cost HK$2.76 billion. It was reported to be over budget.
The bridge spans 1.6 km (0.99 mi),with 3 lanes in each direction. It is a cable-stayed bridge with two bridge towers,one on Tsing Yi Island and the other on Stonecutters Island.
With a main span of 1,018 m (3,340 ft),Stonecutters Bridge has the third-longest cable-stayed span in the world,after the Sutong Bridge and Bridge to Russky Island.
It was built at a cost of HK$2.76 billion. [4]
The design concept for the bridge was procured by Highways Department in Hong Kong through an international design competition. The winning scheme was the one presented by a group consisting of bridge architect Dissing+Weitling together with engineering firms Halcrow Group,Flint &Neill and Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute. The design was selected as the Reference Scheme for the further design development. A group led by Arup with COWI A/S as main sub-consultant has carried out the further design development of the Reference Scheme and the detailed design that followed.
The concept was for a cable-stayed bridge with a twin aerodynamic deck suspended from two 295m-high single pole towers. These towers have bases measuring 24m x 18m tapering to 7m diameter at the top,and the deck allows a navigation clearance of 73.5m over the full entrance to the Container Port.
The two towers are in concrete until level +175m and in composite construction consisting of an inner concrete ring with a stainless steel skin for the top 120m. The original concept had a conventional steel structure above level +175m but Arup found that this configuration would be too lively and lead to unacceptable vibrations of the stay cables. Using a heavier composite section instead of a pure steel structure solved this problem. For reasons of durability and to enhance the appearance,further studies concluded that the tower skin should be fabricated from a duplex stainless steel (grade 1.4462 to BSEN10088) with a shot peened surface finish. The deck itself is made of steel in the main span and of concrete in the side spans.
The tower foundations are located within 10m of the seawall on either side of the Rambler Channel,close to the back-up land next to CT8 and CT9. Their proximity to the channel necessitated ship impact testing and modelling. Geotechnical centrifuge testing was conducted using a 1:200 scale model of a vessel bow section and seawall within a container.
The Hong Kong region is susceptible to very strong typhoon winds,a fact that was taken into account in the design of the bridge. In October 2002 a 50 m (160 ft) mast was erected at the site to measure the speed,direction and turbulence of winds in the area. Readings,which continued until January 2004,were transmitted in real-time to an offsite location for further analysis. In particular,the stability of the 509 m (1,670 ft) long cantilevers during construction required special consideration in the design.
Prior to its formal commissioning,a Community Chest Walk for Millions was held 15 November 2009 to allow the public to walk along Stonecutters Bridge and East Tsing Yi Viaduct and through Nam Wan Tunnel. Over 30,000 participants took part,raising more than HK$10 million for the charity's Children and Youth Services. [5]
As a result of the interesting challenges and extreme difficulty in constructing this bridge,the project was featured on two of the Discovery Channel's Extreme Engineering series on 1 November 2006 and 27 April 2009.
Tsing Ma Bridge is a bridge in Hong Kong. It is the world's 16th-longest span suspension bridge,and was the second longest at the time of its completion. The bridge was named after the two islands it connects,namely Tsing Yi and Ma Wan. It has two decks and carries both road and rail traffic,which also makes it the largest suspension bridge of this type. The bridge has a main span of 1,377 metres (4,518 ft) and a height of 206 metres (676 ft). The span is the longest of all bridges in the world carrying rail traffic.
Tsing Yi,sometimes referred to as Tsing Yi Island,is an island in the New Territories of Hong Kong,to the northwest of Hong Kong Island and south of Tsuen Wan. With an area of 10.69 km2 (4.13 sq mi),the island has been extended drastically by reclamation along almost all its natural shore and the annexation of Nga Ying Chau (牙鷹洲) and Chau Tsai. Three major bays or harbours,Tsing Yi Lagoon,Mun Tsai Tong,and Tsing Yi Bay (青衣灣) in the northeast,have been completely reclaimed for new towns.
Victoria Harbour is a natural landform harbour in Hong Kong separating Hong Kong Island in the south from the Kowloon Peninsula to the north. The harbour's deep,sheltered waters and strategic location on South China Sea were instrumental in Hong Kong's establishment as a British colony in 1841 and its subsequent development as a trading centre.
The Tung Chung line is one of the ten lines of the MTR system in Hong Kong,linking the town of Tung Chung with central Hong Kong. It was built in the 1990s as part of the Airport Railway project,part of the construction of the new Chek Lap Kok Airport. The line currently travels through eight stations in 31 minutes along its route. The line is coloured orange on the MTR system map.
The Lantau Link,formerly known as the Lantau Fixed Crossing,is a roadway in Hong Kong forming part of Route 8 linking Lantau Island to Tsing Yi,from which other roads lead to the urban areas of Kowloon and the rest of the New Territories. Part of the Airport Core Programme centred on the new Hong Kong International Airport on Lantau. The link was officially opened on 27 April 1997,and it opened to traffic on 22 May the same year.
Ting Kau Bridge is a 1,177-metre (3,862 ft) long cable-stayed bridge in Hong Kong that spans from the northwest of Tsing Yi Island and Tuen Mun Road. It is near the Tsing Ma Bridge which also serves as a major connector between the Hong Kong International Airport on Lantau Island and the rest of Hong Kong. It was completed on 5 May 1998. The bridge is toll-free.
Rambler Channel is a body of water in Hong Kong that separates Tsing Yi Island from Tsuen Wan and Kwai Chung in the New Territories. The channel separates the two landmasses by 900 metres at its widest point.
Route 8 of Hong Kong is a dual 3-lane carriageway motorway that links Lantau Island,Tsing Yi Island,Cheung Sha Wan in West Kowloon,and Sha Tin in the southeast New Territories of Hong Kong. It is a combination of many sections.
Tsing Yi South Bridge,opened as the Tsing Yi Bridge on 28 February 1974,was the first bridge to Tsing Yi,Hong Kong. It spans the Rambler Channel,linking Tsing Yi Island to the former Pillar Island,Kwai Chung. The bridge spans 610 metres and is 26 metres (85 feet) high. It contributed significantly to the development of Tsing Yi,particularly in the 1970s and 1980s. It is the only bridge across the channel which may be used by cycles and so is the only route connecting Tsing Yi and the Tsuen Wan/Kwai Chung area for cyclists. The name "Tsing Yi South Bridge" was adopted following the 1987 opening of the second bridge to Tsing Yi,the Tsing Yi North Bridge.
The Kap Shui Mun Bridge (KSMB) in Hong Kong,part of Lantau Link of Route 8,is one of the longest cable-stayed bridges in the world that transports both road and railway traffic,with the upper deck used for motor vehicles and the lower deck for both vehicles and the MTR. It has a main span of 430 metres (1,410 ft) and an overall length of 750 metres (2,460 ft). It spans the Kap Shui Mun marine channel between Ma Wan and Lantau islands and has a vertical clearance of 47 metres (154 ft) above sea level. The bridge was completed in 1997.
Tsing Yi North Bridge,also called Tsing Tsuen Bridge (青荃橋),connects the Tam Kon Shan Interchange on Tsing Yi Island to the Tsuen Tsing Interchange in Tsuen Wan,spanning the Rambler Channel. Inaugurated on 10 December 1987,the bridge was designed to improve access to Tsing Yi,which at that time was connected to Kwai Chung by only one fixed link,the heavily congested Tsing Yi Bridge.
Nam Wan Tunnel is a tunnel in Hong Kong opened to traffic on 20 December 2009,along with the West Tsing Yi Viaduct,East Tsing Yi Viaduct and Stonecutters Bridge. The road tunnel,which forms an important part of the HK$15 billion Route 8,linking Tsing Yi and Sha Tin in the city,began construction since 2003 and was completed in 2007.
The Airport Core Programme was a series of infrastructure projects centred on the new Hong Kong International Airport during the early 1990s. The programme was part of the Port and Airport Development Strategy,commonly known as the Rose Garden Project.
Nam Wan Kok is a cape in the southeast corner of Tsing Yi Island,Hong Kong. Its coast was reclaimed and became Container Terminal 9. The Nam Wan Tunnel and Stonecutters Bridge meet there.
Tsing Yi Peak,also known as Sam Chi Heung,is a hill with three peaks occupying the southern half of the Tsing Yi Island,Hong Kong. The hill is situated on the western half of Victoria Harbour. Its peaks are good locations to observe the harbour and the channels among harbour islands. While situated in the south,a short hill Liu To Shan occupies the northwest of the island.
Articles related to Hong Kong include:
Tsing Sha Highway is a major expressway in Hong Kong,which links the island of Tsing Yi to Sha Tin. The road is part of Route 8,which starts in Sha Tin and terminates in Tung Chung. It was opened in March 2008 and extended in December 2009.