Newton (UK Parliament constituency)

Last updated

Newton
Former Borough constituency
for the House of Commons
Newton1974Constituency.svg
Newton in Lancashire, showing boundaries used from 1974-1983
County Lancashire
1559–1832
SeatsTwo
18851983
SeatsOne
Type of constituency County constituency
Created from South West Lancashire
Replaced by Warrington North, St Helens North, Warrington South, Makerfield, Worsley and Leigh [1]

Newton was a parliamentary borough in the county of Lancashire, in England. It was represented by two Members of Parliament in the House of Commons of the Parliament of England from 1559 to 1706 then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until its abolition in 1832.

Contents

In 1885 a county constituency with the same name was created and represented by one Member of Parliament. This seat was abolished in 1983.

Parliamentary borough

The borough consisted of the parish of Newton-le-Willows in the Makerfield district of South Lancashire. It was first enfranchised in 1558 (though the Parliament so summoned did not meet until the following year), and was a rotten borough from its inception: Newton was barely more than a village even at this stage, and so entirely dominated by the local landowner that its first return of members described it bluntly as "the borough of Sir Thomas Langton, knight, baron of Newton within his Fee of Markerfylde". By 1831, just before its abolition, the population of the borough had reached only 2,139, and contained 285 houses.

The right to vote was exercised by all freeholders of property in the borough valued at forty shillings or more, or by one representative of joint tenants of any such freeholds; Newton was the only borough where the forty-shilling freehold franchise (which applied in the counties) was the sole qualification to vote. In 1797, the borough's last contested election, 76 electors cast their votes; by 1831 it was estimated that the electorate had fallen to about 52. (As elsewhere, each elector had as many votes as there were seats to be filled and votes had to be cast by a spoken declaration, in public, at the hustings.)

In practice, however, the townsmen of Newton had no say in choosing their representatives: as the owners of the majority of the qualifying freeholds, the lords of the manor exercised total control. During most of the Elizabethan period, Langton seems to have allowed the Duchy of Lancaster to nominate many of the members, which may have been a quid pro quo for Newton's being enfranchised in the first place, but later patrons could regard its parliamentary seats as their personal property. Langton's heir sold the manor to the Fleetwood family in 1594, the sale explicitly including the right of "the nomination, election and appointment" of the two burgesses representing the borough in Parliament, one of the earliest recorded instances of the right to elect MPs being bought and sold. By the first half of the next century it had passed to the Leghs, who owned it for the rest of its existence.

By the time of the Great Reform Act of 1832, Newton was one of the most notorious of all England's pocket boroughs, mainly because the Legh control was more complete than that of the patrons in most other constituencies. It was one of the 56 boroughs to be totally disenfranchised by the Reform Act.

County constituency

The Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 created a new Newton constituency, as one of twenty-three divisions of the parliamentary county of Lancashire.

Boundaries 1885 - 1918

The constituency, officially designated as South-West Lancashire, Newton Division consisted of a number of townships and parishes around Newton le Willows namely:

The electorate also included the freeholders of the municipal boroughs of St Helens and Warrington who were entitled to vote in the county. [2]

Boundaries 1918 - 1950

The Representation of the People Act 1918 reorganised constituencies throughout the United Kingdom. Boundaries were adjusted and seats were defined in terms of the districts created by the Local Government Act 1894. According to the schedules of the Act, the Lancashire, Newton Division comprised: [3]

Boundaries 1950 - 1983

The Representation of the People Act 1948 redistributed parliamentary seats, with the constituencies first being used in the general election of 1950. The term "county constituency" was introduced in place of "division". Newton County Constituency was redefined as consisting of the following districts: [4]

The changes reflected the fact that Leigh Rural District had been abolished in 1933, Newton in Makerfield Urban district had been renamed Newton le Willows in 1939. Irlam was transferred from the neighbouring Stretford constituency. [5]

The boundaries were unchanged at the next redistribution of seats in 1970. [6] Although local government was reorganised in 1972, boundaries were unchanged until 1983.

Abolition

The constituency was abolished by the Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1983, which reorganised seats on the lines of the 1974 counties and districts, by which time the Newton constituency had become vastly oversized with an electorate of over 80,000 in 1979. The bulk of the seat formed part of the new Makerfield County Constituency. Irlam was included in the Worsley County Constituency, while part of Golborne became part of both Leigh Borough Constituency and Warrington North Borough Constituency. The town of Newton itself, as well as Haydock, were incorporated into the St Helens North Borough Constituency. [7]

Members of Parliament

MPs 1559–1660

ParliamentFirst memberSecond member
1559 (Jan) Sir George Howard Richard Chetwode [8]
1562–3 Francis Alford Ralph Browne [8]
1571 Anthony Mildmay Richard Stoneley [8]
1572 John Gresham John Savile [8]
1584 Robert Langton Edward Savage [8]
1586 (Oct) Robert Langton Edward Savage [8]
1588 (Oct) Edmund Trafford Robert Langton [8]
1593 Edmund Trafford Robert Langton [8]
1597 William Cope Geoffrey Osbaldeston [8]
1601 (Oct) Thomas Langton Richard Ashton [8]
1604 Sir John Luke Richard Ashton [9]
1614 William Ashton Roger Charnock [9]
1620–1 (Jan) Sir George Wright Richard Kippax [9]
1624 Thomas Charnock Edmund Breres [9]
1625 Miles Fleetwood Sir Henry Edmonds [9]
1626 Miles Fleetwood Sir Henry Edmonds [9]
1627–8 Sir Henry Holcroft Sir Francis Onslow [9]
1629–1640No parliaments summoned
1640 (Apr) Sir Richard Wynn, 2nd Baronet, sat for Andover William Sherman
1640 (Nov) William Ashurst Peter Legh, died after duel
and repl. by
Sir Roger Palmer, disabled 1644
and repl. by
Peter Brooke
1645 William Ashurst Peter Brooke
1653–1658Newton not represented in Barebones and First and Second Protectorate Parliaments
1659 William Brereton Peter Legh

MPs 1660–1832

YearFirst memberFirst partySecond memberSecond party
1660 Richard Legh William Banks
April 1661 John Vaughan
June 1661 Sir Philip Mainwaring
October 1661 The Lord Gorges of Dundalk
1679 Sir John Chicheley Andrew Fountaine
1685 Peter Legh
1689 Francis Cholmondeley
1690 George Cholmondeley
1691 John Bennet
1695 Legh Banks Thomas Brotherton
1698 Thomas Legh
1701 Thomas Legh, junior
July 1702 John Grubham Howe
December 1702 Thomas Legh
1703 John Ward
1713 Abraham Blackmore
1715 Sir Francis Leicester William Shippen
1727 Legh Master
1743 Peter Legh
1747 Sir Thomas Egerton
1754 Randle Wilbraham
1768 Anthony James Keck
1774 Robert Vernon Atherton Gwillym
1780 Thomas Peter Legh Thomas Davenport, KC [10]
1786 Thomas Brooke [11]
September 1797 Thomas Langford Brooke [12]
December 1797 Peter Patten
1806 Colonel Peter Heron
1807 John Ireland Blackburne
1814 Thomas Legh
1818 Thomas Claughton
1825 Sir Robert Townsend-Farquhar
1826 Thomas Alcock
1830 Thomas Houldsworth
1832 Constituency abolished

MPs 1885–1983

ElectionMemberParty
1885 constituency re-established with one MP
1885 R. A. Cross Conservative
1886 by-election Thomas Legh Conservative
1899 by-election Richard Pilkington Conservative
1906 James Andrew Seddon Labour
1910 Roundell Palmer Conservative
1918 Robert Young Labour
1931 Reginald Essenhigh Conservative
1935 Robert Young Labour
1950 Fred Lee Labour
Feb 1974 John Evans Labour
1983 constituency abolished

Elections

Elections in the 1880s

General election 1885: Newton [13]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative R. A. Cross 4,414 52.3
Liberal George McCorquodale [14] 4,03147.7
Majority3834.6
Turnout 8,44590.4
Registered electors 9,344
Conservative win (new seat)
General election 1886: Newton [13]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative R. A. Cross 4,302 55.2 +2.9
Liberal George Errington 3,48644.82.9
Majority81610.4+5.8
Turnout 7,78883.37.1
Registered electors 9,344
Conservative hold Swing +2.9

Cross was appointed Secretary of State for India and was elevated to the peerage, becoming Viscount Cross, causing a by-election.

By-election, 16 Aug 1886: Newton [13]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Thomas Legh 4,062 54.8 0.4
Liberal Daniel O'Connell French [15] 3,35545.2+0.4
Majority7079.60.8
Turnout 7,41779.43.9
Registered electors 9,344
Conservative hold Swing 0.4

Elections in the 1890s

General election 1892: Newton [13]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Thomas Legh 4,713 55.2 0.0
Liberal William Neill [16] 3,81944.80.0
Majority89410.40.0
Turnout 8,53285.4+2.1
Registered electors 9,993
Conservative hold Swing 0.0
General election 1895: Newton [13]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Thomas Legh 5,358 58.2 +3.0
Liberal James Moon [17] 3,85441.83.0
Majority1,50416.4+6.0
Turnout 9,21283.22.2
Registered electors 11,073
Conservative hold Swing +3.0

Legh is elevated to the peerage, becoming Lord Newton.

By-election, 16 Jan 1899: Newton [13]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Richard Pilkington Unopposed
Conservative hold

Elections in the 1900s

General election 1900: Newton [13]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Richard Pilkington Unopposed
Conservative hold
General election 1906: Newton [13]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Repr. Cmte. James Seddon 6,434 52.2 New
Conservative Richard Pilkington 5,89347.8N/A
Majority5414.4N/A
Turnout 12,32789.1N/A
Registered electors 13,837
Labour Repr. Cmte. gain from Conservative Swing N/A

Elections in the 1910s

General election January 1910: Newton [13]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour James Seddon 7,256 52.7 +0.5
Liberal Unionist Roundell Palmer 6,50447.30.5
Majority7525.4+1.0
Turnout 13,76093.0+3.9
Registered electors 14,803
Labour hold Swing +0.5
General election December 1910: Newton [13]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Roundell Palmer 6,706 50.5 +3.2
Labour James Seddon 6,56249.5-3.2
Majority1441.0N/A
Turnout 13,26889.6-3.4
Registered electors 14,803
Conservative gain from Labour Swing +3.2
General election 1918: Newton [18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Robert Young 9,808 55.0 +5.5
C Unionist Henry Lygon 8,01445.05.5
Majority1,79410.0N/A
Turnout 17,82273.016.6
Registered electors 24,397
Labour gain from Unionist Swing +5.5
Cindicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.

Elections in the 1920s

General election 1922: Newton [18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Robert Young 12,312 55.6 +0.6
Unionist Henry Baker Bates8,21437.17.9
Independent G.F. Clarke1,6187.3New
Majority4,09818.5+8.5
Turnout 22,14486.1+13.1
Registered electors 25,707
Labour hold Swing +4.3
General election 1923: Newton [18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Robert Young 12,492 59.9 +4.3
Unionist Henry Baker Bates8,37540.1+3.0
Majority4,11719.8+1.3
Turnout 20,86778.57.6
Registered electors 26,572
Labour hold Swing +0.7
General election 1924: Newton [18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Robert Young 12,875 56.1 3.8
Unionist J.A.W. Watts10,06643.9+3.8
Majority2,80912.27.6
Turnout 22,94184.6+6.1
Registered electors 27,105
Labour hold Swing 3.8
General election 1929: Newton [18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Robert Young 18,176 60.5 +4.4
Unionist Reginald Essenhigh 11,88739.54.4
Majority6,28921.0+8.8
Turnout 30,06384.60.0
Registered electors 35,533
Labour hold Swing +4.4

Elections in the 1930s

General election 1931: Newton
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Reginald Essenhigh 16,064 50.60
Labour Robert Young 15,68349.40
Majority3811.20N/A
Turnout 31,74785.88
Conservative gain from Labour Swing
General election 1935: Newton [19]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Robert Young 19,992 58.5 +9.1
Conservative Reginald Essenhigh 14,20141.5-9.1
Majority5,79117.0N/A
Turnout 34,19384.8-1.1
Labour gain from Conservative Swing

Elections in the 1940s

General election 1945: Newton [20]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Robert Young 25,197 62.0 +3.5
Conservative Kenneth Lewis 15,46538.0-3.5
Majority9,73224.0+7.0
Turnout 40,66276.2-8.6
Labour hold Swing

Elections in the 1950s

General election 1950: Newton [21]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Frederick Lee 31,832 59.1 -2.9
Conservative Kenneth Lewis 22,06840.1+2.1
Majority9,76418.0-6.0
Turnout 53,90088.0+11.8
Labour hold Swing
General election 1951: Newton [22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Frederick Lee 31,374 58.3 -0.8
Conservative Herbert W Jones22,47641.7+1.6
Majority8,89816.6-1.4
Turnout 53,85087.2-0.8
Labour hold Swing
General election 1955: Newton [23]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Frederick Lee 29,299 57.9 -0.4
Conservative Norman Miscampbell 21,34442.2+0.5
Majority7,95515.7-0.9
Turnout 50,64381.8-5.4
Labour hold Swing
General election 1959: Newton [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Frederick Lee 31,041 57.4 -0.5
Conservative Norman Miscampbell 23,06542.6+0.4
Majority7,97614.8-0.9
Turnout 54,10683.1+1.3
Labour hold Swing

Elections in the 1960s

General election 1964: Newton [25]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Frederick Lee 32,932 56.0 -1.4
Conservative David C Stanley17,98030.6-12.0
Liberal Clifford L Jones7,91913.5New
Majority14,95225.4+10.7
Turnout 58,83182.0-1.1
Labour hold Swing
General election 1966: Newton [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Frederick Lee 36,901 62.8 +6.8
Conservative Peter H Craig21,84537.2+6.6
Majority15,05625.6+0.2
Turnout 58,74678.0-4.0
Labour hold Swing

Elections in the 1970s

General election 1970: Newton [27]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Frederick Lee 34,873 52.5 -10.3
Conservative John Stanley 25,86339.0+1.8
Liberal Robert Magee5,6788.6New
Majority9,01013.5-12.1
Turnout 66,41474.0-4.0
Labour hold Swing
General election February 1974: Newton [28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour John Evans 38,369 49.3 -3.2
Conservative Barry Porter 23,59930.3-8.7
Liberal Neveille Leather15,93920.5+11.9
Majority14,77019.0+5.5
Turnout 77,90782.5+8.5
Labour hold Swing
General election October 1974: Newton [29]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour John Evans 38,956 53.3 +4.0
Conservative Roger Baldwin22,48430.7+0.4
Liberal Neveille Leather11,73816.0-4.5
Majority16,47222.6+3.6
Turnout 73,17876.8-5.7
Labour hold Swing
General election 1979: Newton [30]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour John Evans 41,466 51.4 -1.9
Conservative Thomas Huntley30,12537.3+6.6
Liberal Rodney Smith8,47110.5-5.5
National Front A Fishwick6410.8New
Majority11,34114.1-8.5
Turnout 80,70378.4+1.6
Labour hold Swing

See also

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References

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  2. Seventh Schedule: Counties at Large: Number of Members and Names and Contents of Divisions, Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, (1885 c.23)
  3. Ninth Schedule - Part II, Parliamentary Counties: England, excluding Monmouthshire, Representation of the People Act 1918 (1918 c.64)
  4. First Schedule: Parliamentary Constituencies, Representation of The People Act 1948, (1948 c.65)
  5. F A Youngs Jr., Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England, Vol.II: Northern England, London, 1991
  6. The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1970 (S.I. 1970 No. 1674)
  7. Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1983 (S.I. 1983 No. 417)
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "History of Parliament" . Retrieved 26 September 2011.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "The Parliamentary representation of Lancashire" . Retrieved 25 September 2011.
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  12. On petition, Brooke's election was declared void and Patten was declared to have been duly elected
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN   9781349022984.
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  18. 1 2 3 4 5 British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig
  19. UK General Election results: November 1935 Archived 2015-03-09 at the Wayback Machine Politics Resources
  20. UK General Election results: July 1945 Politics Resources
  21. UK General Election results: February 1950 Politics Resources
  22. UK General Election results: October 1951 Archived 2014-11-29 at the Wayback Machine Politics Resources
  23. UK General Election results: May 1955 Archived 2013-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Politics Resources
  24. UK General Election results: October 1959 Politics Resources
  25. UK General Election results: October 1964 Politics Resources
  26. UK General Election results: March 1966 Politics Resources
  27. UK General Election results: June 1970 Archived 2014-11-29 at the Wayback Machine Politics Resources
  28. UK General Election results: February 1974 Politics Resources
  29. UK General Election results: October 1974 Politics Resources
  30. UK General Election results: May 1979 Politics Resources

Sources