| Noisettia | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Violaceae |
| Subfamily: | Violoideae |
| Tribe: | Violeae |
| Genus: | Noisettia Kunth [1] |
| Species: | N. orchidiflora |
| Binomial name | |
| Noisettia orchidiflora | |
| Synonyms [2] | |
Noisettia is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae, with a single known species.
Shrubs, with oblanceolate (wider near tip) leaves. White flowers strongly zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical), in axillary fascicles. The corolla, which persists to cover the fruit is orange in colour with a yellow throat and with the bottom petal longer than the others and clawed with a very long spur. The stamens have free filaments, with the lowest two being calcarate (spurred) and possessing a large dorsal connective appendage that is entire and oblong-ovate. In the gynoecium, the style is rostellate (beaked). The fruit is a thick-walled capsule with 3–4 obovoid or papillate seeds per carpel. [3] [4] [5]
The genus Noisettia was first described by Kunth in 1821, [6] with two species Noisetia frangulaefolia and N. orinocensis, placing it in the family Violeae, with five other genera. [7] de Candolle included Noisettia in his Violarieae in 1824, with three species [8] and at the same time Martius was describing N. pyrifolia, [9] although this species was later transferred to the related genus, Anchietea . [10] In 1846, Lindley classified it in Violaceae, within the Violales, [11] although Bentham and Hooker (1862) called the family Violarieae. [12]
Historically Noisettia was placed within Violaceae in subfamily Violoideae, tribe Violeae, subtribe Violinae, together with Anchietea , Calyptrion , Schweiggeria and Viola , following Lindley's description of Tribe Violeae. [11] [3] But these divisions have been shown to be artificial and not monophyletic. Molecular phylogenetic studies show that Violaceae is best considered as four clades rather than taxonomic ranks. Noisettia occurs in Clade I of the family, consisting of Viola, Schweiggeria, Noisettia and Allexis , in which Schweiggeria and Noisettia are monotypic and form a sister group to Viola. Clade 1 represents a subset of the original Violinae, together with the West African Allexis, previously included in tribe Rinoreeae subtribe Rinoreinae. [5] [13] [14]
Kunth named the genus in honour of the horticulturalist Louis Claude Noisette (1772–1849). [6] [15]
Candolle (1824) recognised three species, considering Kunth's N. frangulaefolia to be a synonym of N. longifolia;
of which N. longifolia is considered a synonym of N. orchidiflora, [16] and only the latter is accepted by Plants of the World Online, [2] while N. acuminata is classified as "ambiguous" (unable to reliably identify taxon). [1] Most authors consider Noisettia to be monotypic for N. orchidiflora. [3] [5] [4] [17] N. orchidiflora has a large number of other synonyms. [2]
Noisettia orchidoflora was first described by Rudge in 1805. Rudge believing it to be a species of Viola, gave it the name of Viola orchidoflora, observing that the enlarged lower petal resembled that of an orchid. [18] With the separation of Noisettia from Viola by Kunth in 1821, Gingins (1823) considered Kunth's original N. frangulaefolia, as N. longifolia.
Humid coastal forests of Northern and eastern South America, including North, Northeast, South and Southeast Brazil, French Guiana, Peru, and Suriname. [5] [3] (see Map, at Plants of The World Online). [2]
Galanthus, or snowdrop, is a small genus of approximately 20 species of bulbous perennial herbaceous plants in the family Amaryllidaceae. The plants have two linear leaves and a single small white drooping bell-shaped flower with six petal-like (petaloid) tepals in two circles (whorls). The smaller inner petals have green markings.
The Anacardiaceae, commonly known as the cashew family or sumac family, are a family of flowering plants, including about 83 genera with about 860 known species. Members of the Anacardiaceae bear fruits that are drupes and in some cases produce urushiol, an irritant. The Anacardiaceae include numerous genera, several of which are economically important, notably cashew, mango, Chinese lacquer tree, yellow mombin, Peruvian pepper, poison ivy, poison oak, sumac, smoke tree, marula and cuachalalate. The genus Pistacia is now included, but was previously placed in its own family, the Pistaciaceae.
Viola is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae. It is the largest genus in the family, containing over 680 species. Most species are found in the temperate Northern Hemisphere; however, some are also found in widely divergent areas such as Hawaii, Australasia, and the Andes.
Violaceae is a family of flowering plants established in 1802, consisting of about 1000 species in about 25 genera. It takes its name from the genus Viola, the violets and pansies.
Aimé Jacques Alexandre Bonpland was a French explorer and botanist who traveled with Alexander von Humboldt in Latin America from 1799 to 1804. He co-authored volumes of the scientific results of their expedition.
Augustin Pyramusde Candolle was a Swiss botanist. René Louiche Desfontaines launched de Candolle's botanical career by recommending him at a herbarium. Within a couple of years de Candolle had established a new genus, and he went on to document hundreds of plant families and create a new natural plant classification system. Although de Candolle's main focus was botany, he also contributed to related fields such as phytogeography, agronomy, paleontology, medical botany, and economic botany.
Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius was a German botanist and explorer. Between 1817 and 1820, he travelled 10,000 km through Brazil while collecting botanical specimens. His most important work was a comprehensive flora of Brazil, Flora Brasiliensis, which he initiated in 1840 and was completed posthumously in 1906.
The 1893 Index Kewensis (IK), maintained by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, is a publication that aims to register all botanical names for seed plants at the rank of species and genera. It later came to include names of taxonomic families and ranks below that of species.
Robert Brown's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra was the first arrangement of what is now Banksia ser. Dryandra. His initial arrangement was published in 1810, and a further arrangement, including an infrageneric classification, followed in 1830. Aspects of Brown's arrangements can be recognised in the later arrangements of George Bentham and Alex George.
Hybanthus (green-violet) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Violaceae. This genus name is Greek for "humpback flower", referring to the drooping pedicels of plants that are part of this genus. The genus is grossly polyphyletic and may contain up to nine different genera, of which Pombalia Vand., Cubelium Raf. and Pigea DC. have been previously recognised.
The Amaryllidaceae are a family of herbaceous, mainly perennial and bulbous flowering plants in the monocot order Asparagales. The family takes its name from the genus Amaryllis and is commonly known as the amaryllis family. The leaves are usually linear, and the flowers are usually bisexual and symmetrical, arranged in umbels on the stem. The petals and sepals are undifferentiated as tepals, which may be fused at the base into a floral tube. Some also display a corona. Allyl sulfide compounds produce the characteristic odour of the onion subfamily (Allioideae).
Frédéric Charles Jean Gingins de la Sarraz was a Swiss historian and botanist.
Isodendrion is a plant genus in the family Violaceae. It includes four species native to the Hawaiian Islands.
Allioideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, order Asparagales. It was formerly treated as a separate family, Alliaceae. The subfamily name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, Allium. It is composed of about 18 genera.
Schweiggeria is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae, with one or two species, found in eastern Brazil.
Calyptrion is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae, with four known species.
Agatea is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae, with seven accepted species, found in New Guinea and New Caledonia.
Anchietea is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae, with six accepted species, found in tropical South America.
Hybanthopsis is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae, with a single accepted species, found in north-east Brazil.
Pombalia Vand. is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Violaceae.