Oncomelania

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Oncomelania
Oncomelania hupensis.jpg
Oncomelania hupensis
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Littorinimorpha
Family: Pomatiopsidae
Subfamily: Pomatiopsinae
Genus: Oncomelania
Gredler, 1881 [1]
Diversity [2]
2 species

Oncomelania is a genus of very small tropical freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Pomatiopsidae.

Contents

These Oncomelania snails are distantly related to the marine periwinkle, and more closely related to the small marine snails of the family Rissoidae.

Species

Oncomelania minima Oncomelania minima.png
Oncomelania minima

There are two [2] species in the genus Oncomelania:

Woodruff et al. (1999) recognized also the following species:

Japanese Red List Data Book (2006) recognizes also the following additional species:

Distribution

This genus has not yet become established in the USA, but it is considered to represent a potentially serious threat as a pest, an invasive species which could negatively affect agriculture, natural ecosystems, human health or commerce. Therefore, it has been suggested that this species be given top national quarantine significance in the USA. [7]

Evolution

About the origin and evolution history of Oncomelania, Davis (1979) [3] proposed a Gondwanan origin for the Pomatiopsidae, with rafting to mainland Asia via the Indian Craton after break-up of Gondwanan and colonization of South-East Asia and China. It is hypothesized that Oncomelania snails, arrived in southwestern China from Indian before the second (major) Tibetan orogeny (2.5 Ma), then evolved and spread down their respective river systems, to mainland of China, Indonesia and Philippines. Although mutation rate calibrations using fossil data is impossible here, many studies have demonstrated the confidence that molecular data can provide reasonable estimates of divergence time. [8] Data by Zhao et al. (2010) [8] suggested that the two subspecies of Oncomelania hupensis began to diverse as early about 2–6 Ma based on the invertebrate ITS substitution rate range. Zhao et al. (2010) [8] did not find any strong molecular and fossil evidences about Oncomelania evolution, but the reported Oncomelania fossil found in Guangxi (1 Ma) by Nils Hjalmar Odhner in 1930 and geological movement make this diversification time reasonable. It provides a new insight into the Oncomelania evolution history although the substitution rate needs to be verified with new fossil and molecular data in future study. [8]

Parasites

Various Oncomelania species are significant medically, because they can serve as vectors for two serious human diseases: they can carry the schistosomiasis blood fluke parasite, and the paragonimus lung fluke parasites.

The miracidia reproduce asexually through sporocyst stages within these intermediate hosts, resulting in the production of many free-swimming cercariae. [9]

Related Research Articles

<i>Schistosoma</i> Genus of flukes

Schistosoma is a genus of trematodes, commonly known as blood flukes. They are parasitic flatworms responsible for a highly significant group of infections in humans termed schistosomiasis, which is considered by the World Health Organization as the second-most socioeconomically devastating parasitic disease, with hundreds of millions infected worldwide.

Schistosoma japonicum is an important parasite and one of the major infectious agents of schistosomiasis. This parasite has a very wide host range, infecting at least 31 species of wild mammals, including 9 carnivores, 16 rodents, one primate (human), two insectivores and three artiodactyls and therefore it can be considered a true zoonosis. Travelers should be well-aware of where this parasite might be a problem and how to prevent the infection. S. japonicum occurs in the Far East, such as China, the Philippines, Indonesia and Southeast Asia.

<i>Oncomelania hupensis</i> Species of gastropod

Oncomelania hupensis is a species of very small tropical freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pomatiopsidae.

<i>Eomecon</i> Genus of flowering plants

Eomecon is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the poppy family containing the single species Eomecon chionantha. Its common names include snow-poppy and dawn-poppy. It is native to China.

Tricula is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Pomatiopsidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pomatiopsidae</span> Family of gastropods

Pomatiopsidae is a family of small, mainly freshwater snails, that have gills and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Truncatelloidea.

<i>Stenomelania crenulata</i> Species of gastropod

Stenomelania crenulata is a species of brackish and freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Thiaridae.

<i>Pirenella incisa</i> Species of gastropod

Pirenella incisa is a species of medium-sized sea snail or mud snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Potamididae, the horn snails.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Freshwater snail</span> Non-marine snail

Freshwater snails are gastropod mollusks that live in fresh water. There are many different families. They are found throughout the world in various habitats, ranging from ephemeral pools to the largest lakes, and from small seeps and springs to major rivers. The great majority of freshwater gastropods have a shell, with very few exceptions. Some groups of snails that live in freshwater respire using gills, whereas other groups need to reach the surface to breathe air. In addition, some are amphibious and have both gills and a lung. Most feed on algae, but many are detritivores and some are filter feeders.

Tricula hortensis is a species of freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pomatiopsidae.

<i>Oncomelania minima</i> Species of gastropod

Oncomelania minima is a species of freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pomatiopsidae.

<i>Blanfordia</i> Genus of gastropods

Blanfordia is a genus of terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Pomatiopsidae. They are land snails which have an operculum.

<i>Blanfordia bensoni</i> Species of gastropod

Blanfordia bensoni is a species of land snail which has an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Pomatiopsidae.

<i>Fukuia integra</i> Species of gastropod

Fukuia integra, also known as Blanfordia integra, is a species of land snail which has an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Pomatiopsidae.

<i>Blanfordia simplex</i> Species of gastropod

Blanfordia simplex is a species of land snail that has an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Pomatiopsidae.

<i>Blanfordia japonica</i> Species of gastropod

Blanfordia japonica is a species of land snail which has an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Pomatiopsidae.

<i>Cecina manchurica</i> Species of gastropod

Cecina manchurica is a species of sea snail that has a gill and an operculum, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pomatiopsidae.

References

This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference [9] and CC-BY-2.5 text from the reference [8]

  1. ↑ Gredler V. M. (1881). Jahrb. dtsch. malak. Ges.8: 120.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Kameda Y. & Kato M. (2011). "Terrestrial invasion of pomatiopsid gastropods in the heavy-snow region of the Japanese Archipelago". BMC Evolutionary Biology 11: 118. doi : 10.1186/1471-2148-11-118.
  3. 1 2 Davis G. M. (1979). "The origin and evolution of the gastropod family Pomatiopsidae, with emphasis on the Mekong river Triculinae". Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia , Monograph 20: 1-120. ISBN   978-1-4223-1926-0. at Google Books.
  4. ↑ Woodruff D. S., Carpenter M. P., Upatham E. S. & Viyanant V. (1999). "Molecular Phylogeography of Oncomelania lindoensis (Gastropoda: Pomatiopsidae), the Intermediate Host of Schistosoma Japonicum in Sulawesi". Journal of Molluscan Studies 65(1): 21-31. doi : 10.1093/mollus/65.1.21.
  5. ↑ (in Japanese) "ヨナクニカタヤマガイ" Archived 2011-10-04 at the Wayback Machine . 日本のレッドデータ検索システム [Japanese Red List Data Book], accessed 17 July 2011.
  6. ↑ (in Japanese) "サクヤマカワツボ" Archived 2011-10-04 at the Wayback Machine . 日本のレッドデータ検索システム [Japanese Red List Data Book], accessed 17 July 2011.
  7. ↑ Cowie R. H., Dillon R. T., Robinson D. G. & Smith J. W. (2009). "Alien non-marine snails and slugs of priority quarantine importance in the United States: A preliminary risk assessment". American Malacological Bulletin27: 113-132. PDF Archived 2016-06-16 at the Wayback Machine .
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Zhao Q. P., Jiang M. S., Littlewood D. T. J. & Nie P. (2010). "Distinct Genetic Diversity of Oncomelania hupensis, Intermediate Host of Schistosoma japonicum in Mainland China as Revealed by ITS Sequences". PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 4(3): e611. doi : 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000611.
  9. 1 2 Riley S, Carabin H, Bélisle P, Joseph L, Tallo V, et al. (2008). "Multi-Host Transmission Dynamics of Schistosoma japonicum in Samar Province, the Philippines". PLoS Medicine 5(1): e18. doi : 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050018.
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