Ophiorrhiza

Ophiorrhiza
Ophiorrhiza mungos
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Gentianales
Family:	Rubiaceae
Subfamily:	Rubioideae
Tribe:	Ophiorrhizeae
Genus:	Ophiorrhiza L.
Species [1]
378; see text
Synonyms [1]
CampanocalyxValeton HayataellaMasam. KeenaniaHook.f. MitreolaBoehm. MungosAdans. PleothecaWall., nom. nud. SpiradiclisBlume

Ophiorrhiza is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family (Rubiaceae). It contains 378 species native to the Indian subcontinent, Indochina, China, Taiwan, Japan, Malesia, Papuasia, Queensland, and the South Pacific. ^[1] Species of the genus contain camptothecin, an alkaloid used to make chemotherapeutic agents. ^{[2] [3]} Many Ophiorrhiza species are endemic to certain areas of the Western Ghats.

Species include:

• Ophiorrhiza acuminata ^[4]
• Ophiorrhiza australiana ^[1]
• Ophiorrhiza gajureliana
• Ophiorrhiza blumeana ^[5]
• Ophiorrhiza bracteata ^[5]
• Ophiorrhiza cantoniensis
• Ophiorrhiza carinata
• Ophiorrhiza caudata ^[2]
• Ophiorrhiza dulongensis
• Ophiorrhiza filistipula
• Ophiorrhiza japonica
• Ophiorrhiza kuroiwai ^[6]
• Ophiorrhiza liukiuensis ^[4]
• Ophiorrhiza longiflora
• Ophiorrhiza lurida
• Ophiorrhiza major ^[5]
• Ophiorrhiza michelloides ^{[7] [8]}
• Ophiorrhiza mungos
• Ophiorrhiza nutans
• Ophiorrhiza prostrata ^[9]
• Ophiorrhiza pumila ^{[4] [10]}
• Ophiorrhiza rosea
• Ophiorrhiza rugosa
• Ophiorrhiza succirubra
• Ophiorrhiza meenachilarensis ^{[11] [12]}

References

1. "Ophiorrhiza L." Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 22 October 2024.
2. Joseph, G. and J. P. Joseph. Rediscovery of Ophiorrhiza caudata (Rubiaceae) from the Western Ghats of Kerala. Rheedia 19 45.
3. Viraporn, V., et al. (2010). Correlation of camptothecin-producing ability and phylogenetic relationship in the genus Ophiorrhiza. Planta Med. in pub.
4. Sirikantaramas, Supaart; Yamazaki, Mami; Saito, Kazuki (2008). "Mutations in topoisomerase I as a self-resistance mechanism coevolved with the production of the anticancer alkaloid camptothecin in plants". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 105 (18): 6782–6786. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0801038105 . PMC   2365566 . PMID   18443285.
5. Arbain, Dayar; Dachriyanus; Firmansyah; Sargent, Melvyn V.; Skelton, Brian W.; White, Allan H. (1998). "Unusual indole alkaloids from Ophiorrhiza blumeana Korth". Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1 (16): 2537–2540. doi:10.1039/A803547D.
6. Asano, T., et al. (2004). Camptothecin production by in vitro cultures of Ophiorrhiza liukiuensis and O. kuroiwai. Plant Biotechnology 21:4 275.
7. Chu, F., et al. (2006). Taxonomic Status of Ophiorrhiza michelloides (Masam.) X. R. Lo (Rubiaceae) in Taiwan. Taiwania 51:2 143.
8. Nakamura, K., et al. (2006). Phylogenetic systematics of the monotypic genus Hayataella (Rubiaceae) endemic to Taiwan. Journal of Plant Research 119:657–661.
9. Beegum, A. S., et al. (2007). Organogenesis from leaf and internode explants of Ophiorrhiza prostrata, an anticancer drug (camptothecin) producing plant. Archived 2010-11-22 at the Wayback Machine Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 10:1.
10. Nakamura, K., et al. (2006). Homostyly and autogamy in Ophiorrhiza pumila (Rubiaceae) in the Ryukyu Archipelago. Journal of Japanese Botany 81:113–120.
11. "meenachilarensis". universityofflorence.medium.com. 30 November 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
12. "Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Geography". Webbia. 75 (2). oaj.fupress.net: 231–236. 18 November 2020. doi: 10.36253/jopt-8508 . S2CID   230636509.

External links

• Vascular Plants of Gaoligong Shan, Yunnan, China: Ophiorrhiza Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
• Darwin, S. P. (1976). The Pacific species of Ophiorrhiza (Rubiaceae). Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine Lyonia 1:2.