Opsarius

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Opsarius
OP2.jpg
Opsarius pulchellus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Subfamily: Danioninae
Genus: Opsarius
McClelland, 1839
Type species
Opsarius maculatus
McClelland, 1839
Synonyms [1]
  • BendilisisBleeker, 1860
  • Opsarus
  • Osparius
  • PerilampusMcClelland, 1838
  • Schacra Günther, 1868
  • Shacra Bleeker, 1860

Opsarius is a genus of fish. Its representatives can be found in a variety of countries in South East Asia. These countries include Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, India, and China. [2] Certain species of Opsarius are considered endemic to their respective habitats; such as Opsarius cocsa and Opsarius maculatus which are endemic to India. [3] [4]

Contents

Species

There are currently 32 valid species: [5]

Status

According to the IUCN Red List, significant data is lacking to determine the status of all of the Opsarius species except for Opsarius koratensis.Opsarius koratensis was last evaluated in March 2011 and was determined to be stable and locally common throughout its range. [6] Habitat deterioration, specifically agriculture, deforestation, pollution, and other ecosystem modifiers, is a possible hazard for these fishes. [7]

Habitat

Fishes of the genus Opsarius can be found in inland freshwaters such as streams, rivers, creeks, and waterfalls. Generally, these water bodies will have sandy or rocky bottoms which is the preferred benthic environment for these fishes. Fishes of this genus have also been known to live in wetlands. [6]

Discovery

The first evidence of Opsarius in scientific literature can be found in the book Indian Cyprinidae published in 1839 by John McCleland. [8] In this book many different Opsarius species were identified. In the following years little additional information on this genus of fish was collected, until 1991, when the name was revalidated and all the members of ‘group ii’ in the genus Barilius were reallocated. This split was confirmed by Maurice Kottelat in 2013. [9]

Body Characteristics

Species of the genus Opsarius have widely cleft mouths resemblant of carp. Additionally, Opsarius species will have a slender body usually marked by transverse blue stripes or spots. The dorsal fins of Opsarius are spineless and small. [8] One of the largest Opsarius species is Opsarius tileo which grows to 15 cm (5.9 in) in length. [10]

Diet

Some Opsarius species are considered to be fish-eating. Other Opsarius species are surface feeders and primarily will feed on insects. [11] The insects that Opsarius species will choose to feed on will be smaller in size as the gape limitation limits Opsarius species to what they can fit in their mouths.

Human Uses

Humans use the various species of Opsarius in a variety of ways. Opsarius pulchellus is not considered food, but is used as bait in fence filter traps. Opsarius pulchellus also is sold in the aquarium trade internationally. [12] Opsarius koratensis is not used by humans as widely as the prior. Opsarius koratensis is not used for food, or for fishing, and is rarely seen in the aquarium trade. [6] Opsarius tileo is considered a good table fish, especially in the Eastern Himalayas. [10] Opsarius tileo is also found in the aquarium trade. [10] Opsarius bernatziki is not used as a food fish but is found in the ornamental fish trade. [13] Opsarius barna is not used widely in the aquarium trade. [14] In Nepal, Opsarius barna stimulates the economy by being sold as a food fish. [14] Opsarius barnoides is not used as a food fish but as an aquarium fish. [15]

Opsarius is the kind of fish mentioned in the gospel of John at the miracle of feeding a multitude. (John chapter 6)[ citation needed ]

Related Research Articles

<i>Epalzeorhynchos</i> Genus of fishes

Epalzeorhynchos is a small ray-finned fish genus of the family Cyprinidae. Its members are – like some other cyprinids – known as "freshwater sharks" or simply "sharks". They are, however, freshwater members of the Osteichthyes lineage which is distinct from the Chondrichthyes lineage of sharks. The description of these animals as "shark" is most likely a reference to the shark-like shape of these popular cyprinids.

<i>Barilius</i> Genus of fishes

Barilius is a large genus of cyprinid freshwater fishes native to Asia. Four species in this genus have been described since 2012, although three have since been reallocated to Opsarius, which was formerly a group within this genus before elevation to full genus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barna baril</span> Species of fish

The Barna baril is a fish in genus Opsarius of the family Cyprinidae. It is found in India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Myanmar.

<i>Opsarius bendelisis</i> Species of fish

Opsarius bendelisis is a fish in genus Opsarius of the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Bhutan and Myanmar.

<i>Opsarius bernatziki</i> Species of fish

Opsarius bernatziki is a fish in the Opsarius genus of the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Thailand, Southeast Myanmar, and the Malay Peninsula. It is associated with a freshwater habitat and can grow up to 9.1 cm.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jerdon's baril</span> Species of fish

Jerdon's baril is a fish in the genus Barilius of the family Cyprinidae. It is found in southern Karnataka and northern Kerala.

Opsarius chatricensis is a fish in genus Opsarius of the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Manipur, India.

Barilius caudiocellatus is a fish in genus Barilius of the family Cyprinidae. It is found in China.

Opsarius dimorphicus is a fish in genus Opsarius of the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Uttaranchal, India.

Opsarius dogarsinghi is a fish in the genus Opsarius of the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Manipur, India.

<i>Opsarius gatensis</i> Species of fish

Opsarius gatensis is a fish in genus Opsarius of the family Cyprinidae.

Opsarius lairokensis is a fish in genus Opsarius of the family Cyprinidae.

Opsarius koratensis is a fish in genus Opsarius of the family Cyprinidae. It is found in the Mekong and Chao Phraya basins and can reach 10 cm (3.9 in) SL.

Barilius ornatus is a fish in genus Barilius of the family Cyprinidae.

Barilius radiolatus, or the Gunther's baril, is a freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in India and Nepal, although the latter may represent introductions. It inhabits clear, gravelly streams and grows to 10 cm (3.9 in) TL. Barilius nelsoni might be its junior synonym.

<i>Opsarius tileo</i> Species of fish

Opsarius tileo is a fish in genus Opsarius of the family Cyprinidae which is found in India, Bangladesh and Nepal, and probably Myanmar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frail gourami</span> Species of fish

The frail gourami or noble gourami is a mouth brooding species of gourami native to northeastern India and Bangladesh. This species grows to a length of 10 cm (3.9 in). It is only seldom found in the aquarium trade, courtesy of its extreme sensitivity to shipping stress and high levels of aggression. This species is the only known member of its genus.

<i>Opsarius pulchellus</i> Species of fish

Opsarius pulchellus, is a species of fish in the family Cyprinidae, with the largest individual recorded being 11 cm long.

Barilius bonarensis is a fish in genus Barilius of the family Cyprinidae. It is found in the western Himalaya in India.

Opsarius barnoides is a fish in genus Opsarius of the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Myanmar and China.

References

  1. ↑ Bailly, Nicolas (2014). "Opsarius McClelland, 1838". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 3 May 2024.
  2. ↑ "Opsarius" at the Encyclopedia of Life
  3. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Opsarius cocsa". FishBase . April 2022 version.
  4. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Opsarius maculatus". FishBase . April 2022 version.
  5. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Opsarius". FishBase . May 2024 version.
  6. 1 2 3 Vidthayanon, C. (2012). "Opsarius koratensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2012: e.T180762A1660076. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T180762A1660076.en . Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  7. ↑ Vidthayanon, C. (2012). "Opsarius ornatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2012: e.T187940A1837598. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T187940A1837598.en . Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  8. 1 2 McClelland, J. (1839). Indian cyprinidae. Vol. 19. Bishop's College Press.
  9. ↑ Kottelat, M. (2013). "The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibiography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries". Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Supplement 27: 1–663.
  10. 1 2 3 Vishwanath, W. (2010). "Barilius tileo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T166605A6245604. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166605A6245604.en . Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  11. ↑ Hora, S. L. (1937). Notes on Fishes in the Indian Museum-On a collection of fish from Nepal.
  12. ↑ Vidthayanon, C. (2012). "Opsarius pulchellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2012: e.T181090A1697253. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T181090A1697253.en . Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  13. ↑ Vidthayanon, C. (2012). "Opsarius bernatziki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2012: e.T187880A1831168. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T187880A1831168.en . Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  14. 1 2 Dahanukar, N. (2011). "Barilius barna". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2011: e.T166501A6223034. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T166501A6223034.en . Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  15. ↑ Vidthayanon, C. (2012). "Opsarius barnoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2012: e.T188061A1850126. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T188061A1850126.en . Retrieved 7 April 2022.
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