Order of Sikatuna

Last updated

Order of Sikatuna
Order of Sikatuna.JPG
Insignia of the order
Awarded by Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines
Type Order
Awarded forrending exceptional and meritorious services to the Republic of the Philippines; to diplomats, officials and nationals of foreign states who have rendered conspicuous services in fostering, developing and strengthening relations between their country and the Philippines
StatusCurrently constituted
GradesGrand Collar
Grand Cross, gold distinction
Grand Cross, silver distinction
Grand Officer
Commander
Officer
Member
Precedence
Next (higher) Quezon Service Cross
Next (lower) Order of Gabriela Silang
Related Order of Lakandula
Philippine Legion of Honor
PHI Order of Sikatuna 2003 Member BAR.svg
Ribbon bar of the order

The Order of Sikatuna (Filipino : Orden ng Sikatuna) is the national order of diplomatic merit of the Republic of the Philippines. It is conferred upon individuals who have rendered exceptional and meritorious services to the Republic of the Philippines, upon diplomats, officials and nationals of foreign states who have rendered conspicuous services in fostering, developing and strengthening relations between their country and the Philippines, or upon personnel of the Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA), both in the Home Office and in the Foreign Service.

Contents

The Order of Sikatuna may be awarded by the Secretary of Foreign Affairs in the name and by authority of the President.

History

The Order of Sikatuna was established by President Elpidio Quirino as the "Order of Sikatuna" through Executive Order No. 571 dated February 27, 1953. [1] [2] Section 2 of the executive order states, "The Order of Sikatuna [...] commemorates the first treaty (Pacto de Sangre) between the Philippines and a foreign country..." In the Quirino order, the Order of Sikatuna commemorates the pacto de sangre or blood compact, more popularly known as sandugo. This was, according to the Executive Order, the first international treaty of friendship between Bohol native chieftain, Datu Sikatuna and Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi, between a Filipino and Spaniard. Lately, however, the Executive Order's premise has been put to question. The event was not the first blood compact since the first recorded happened 44 years before between Ferdinand Magellan, representing the Spanish crown, and raia Siaiu, king of the island-port of Mazaua. Magellan called the ceremony "casi casi", a Malayan term meaning "to be one and the same thing" or to be blood brothers. [3] At the same time the first recorded Treaty of Peace was entered into on Tuesday, April 9, 1521, by datu Humabon of Cebu and Magellan. [4]

The Order of Sikatuna's composition was expanded from the original four classes by Presidents Diosdado Macapagal and again by Ferdinand E. Marcos. [5] [6] In 2003, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo reformed the Philippine system of orders, medals, and decorations, through Executive Order No. 236, known as the Honors Code of the Philippines which codified the civilian orders, decorations and medals of the Republic of the Philippines. [7] Among its provisions was one renaming the order as simply, "The Order of Sikatuna," and clarifying its protocolar standing.

Ranks

Ribbon bars

1953–2003

Order of Sikatuna Ribbon Bars (1953–2003)
PHL Order of Sikatuna - Member BAR.png
Member
PHL Order of Sikatuna - Officer BAR.png
Officer
PHL Order of Sikatuna - Commander BAR.png
Commander
PHL Order of Sikatuna - Grand Officer BAR.png
Grand Officer
PHL Order of Sikatuna - Grand Cross BAR.png
Grand Cross
PHL Order of Sikatuna - Grand Cross BAR.png
Grand Collar

Since 2003

Order of Sikatuna Ribbon Bars (since 2003)
PHI Order of Sikatuna 2003 Member BAR.svg
Member
PHI Order of Sikatuna 2003 Officer BAR.svg
Officer
PHI Order of Sikatuna 2003 Commander BAR.svg
Commander
PHI Order of Sikatuna 2003 Grand Officer BAR.svg
Grand Officer
PHI Order of Sikatuna 2003 Grand Cross BAR.svg
Grand Cross
PHI Order of Sikatuna 2003 Grand Collar BAR.svg
Grand Collar

Awardees

Grand Collar and miniature with ribbon bar of the Order of Sikatuna. Order of Sikatuna - Grand Collar and miniature with ribbon bar.png
Grand Collar and miniature with ribbon bar of the Order of Sikatuna.

Ambassadors

Heads of states and governments

Others

This article incorporates public domain text from the library of the Philippine Congress.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carlos P. Romulo</span> Filipino politician and diplomat

Carlos Peña Romulo Sr. was a Filipino diplomat, statesman, soldier, journalist and author. He was a reporter at the age of 16, a newspaper editor by 20, and a publisher at 32. He was a co-founder of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines, a general in the US Army and the Philippine Army, university president, and president of the United Nations General Assembly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Delia Albert</span> Filipina career diplomat

Delia Domingo Albert is a Filipina career diplomat who served as the first female and 23rd Philippine Secretary of Foreign Affairs from December 22, 2003 to August 18, 2004. She was also the first woman career diplomat to serve as foreign minister of a Southeast Asian country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Philippine Legion of Honor</span> Award

The Philippine Legion of Honor was established by President Manuel Roxas, through Philippine Army Circular No. 60 dated July 3, 1947. The Philippine Legion of Honor was patterned after the Legion of Merit of the United States of America, and was meant to honor both civilians and members of the military, Filipino or foreign. Originally, like the U.S. Legion of Merit, the Philippine Legion of Honor had four classes, known as degrees, with Legionnaire being the basic rank, and Chief Commander being the highest. With the reform of the Philippine system of orders and decorations in 2003, the Philippine Legion of Honor's classes were renamed "ranks" instead of "degrees", and the ranks expanded.

Datu Sikatuna was a Datu or chieftain of the Bool Kingdom in the island of Bohol in the Philippines. He made a blood compact (sanduguan) and alliance with the Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi on March 25, 1565 at Hinawanan Bay, barangay Hinawanan, Loay. Their blood compact is the first Treaty of Friendship between Spain and the Philippines. The previous site of the pact was thought to have been at barangay Bool, Tagbilaran City but later a panel of historians concluded that the event actually happened at barangay Hinawanan, Loay, Bohol as ratified through Resolution No. 4, issued by the National Historical Institute in 2005.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sandugo</span> 1565 blood compact between Miguel López de Legazpi and Datu Sikatuna

The Legazpi-Sikatuna Blood Compact or Sandugo was a blood compact, performed in the island of Bohol in the Philippines, between the Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi and Datu Sikatuna, chieftain of Bohol, on March 16, 1565, to seal their friendship following tribal tradition. This is considered the first treaty of friendship between the Spaniards and Filipinos. "Sandugo" is a Visayan word which means "one blood".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Knights of Rizal</span> Order of Chivalry from the Philippines

The Knights of Rizal is an Order of Chivalry from the Philippines, created to honor and uphold the ideals of Philippine national hero José Rizal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfonso Yuchengco</span>

Alfonso Yuchengco was a Filipino accountant, industrialist, businessman, educator, and diplomat. He headed the Yuchengco Group of Companies, one of the largest family-owned business conglomerates in the Philippines. He also served as chairman of business and educational institutions including the Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation one of the country's largest commercial banks, Mapúa University, and the Malayan School and Colleges located in Makati, Paco, Davao and Laguna.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Order of Lakandula</span> Philippine civilian award

The Order of Lakandula is one of the highest civilian orders of the Philippines, established on September 19, 2003. It is awarded for political and civic merit and in memory of Lakandula’s dedication to the responsibilities of leadership, prudence, fortitude, courage and resolve in the service of one’s people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Harry K. Thomas Jr.</span> American diplomat (born 1956)

Harry Keels Thomas Jr. is an American diplomat who served as the U.S. Ambassador to Bangladesh, the Philippines, and Zimbabwe.

Rodolfo Certeza Severino Jr. was a Filipino diplomat who served as the tenth secretary-general of ASEAN between 1998 and 2002.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sung Y. Kim</span> Korean American diplomat (born 1960)

Sung Yong Kim is an American diplomat of Korean origin serving as the United States Special Representative for North Korea Policy since 2021, and previously from 2014 to 2016. He has also served as the acting Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs from January to June 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rafael Harpaz</span> Israeli diplomat

Rafael Harpaz is an Israeli diplomat in the Israeli Foreign Service. In September 2021 Harpaz was appointed as Deputy Director General for Asia and the Pacific at Israel Ministry for Foreign Affairs. From 2018 to 2021 Harpaz served as the Israeli ambassador to the Philippines. From 2012 to 2015, he served as the Israeli Ambassador to Azerbaijan.

Domingo Domingo Lucenario Jr. was a Philippine diplomat. He served as Ambassador to Pakistan from April 24, 2013, to his death in the 2015 Pakistan Army Mil Mi-17 crash, on May 8, 2015. He has a rare distinction of winning three presidential awards as a diplomat.

In the Philippine languages, a complex system of titles and honorifics was used extensively during the pre-colonial era, mostly by the Tagalogs and Visayans. These were borrowed from the Malay system of honorifics obtained from the Moro peoples of Mindanao, which in turn was based on the Indianized Sanskritized honorifics system in addition to the Chinese system of honorifics used in areas like Ma-i (Mindoro) and Pangasinan. The titles of historical figures such as Rajah Sulayman, Lakandula and Dayang Kalangitan evidence Indian influence. Malay titles are still used by the royal houses of Sulu, Maguindanao, Maranao and Iranun on the southern Philippine island of Mindanao. However, these are retained on a traditional basis as the 1987 Constitution explicitly reaffirms the abolition of royal and noble titles in the republic.

Kiyoshi Sumiya (角谷清) was a Japanese diplomat who was Japan's ambassador to the Philippines from April 1985 to 1988, at the time of the snap elections that led to the end of the Marcos regime. He also served as Grand Master of the Ceremonies from 20 June 1989 until his retirement on 8 September 1995.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Enrique Manalo</span> Filipino diplomat (born 1952)

Enrique “Ricky” A. Manalo is a Filipino diplomat currently serving as the Secretary of Foreign Affairs under the Marcos Jr. administration since July 1, 2022. He previously served in an acting role under the Duterte administration from March 9 to May 17, 2017, when Perfecto Yasay Jr.'s ad-interim appointment confirmation was rejected by the Commission on Appointments due to citizenship issues. He also previously served as Philippine Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 2011 to 2016, Undersecretary for Policy of the Department of Foreign Affairs from 2016 to 2020, and the 21st Permanent Representative of the Philippines to the United Nations from 2020 to 2022.

Luis Moreno Salcedo was a Filipino diplomat. In a career spanning four decades (1946-1985) he made important contributions to Philippine diplomacy and the Philippine foreign service. First, he served with distinction as Philippine Ambassador in the Americas, Asia and Europe. Second, he represented the Philippines in major international organizations, notably as Philippine Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York in the early 1980s and earlier as Permanent Representative to UNESCO while posted in Paris. Third, he implemented the opening of Philippine diplomatic relations with socialist countries in Central and Eastern Europe. He was the first Filipino diplomat accredited as nonresident Ambassador to three of these countries, and subsequently became the first Philippine Ambassador to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Fourth, he had a lasting impact on the practice of Philippine diplomacy. One reason was his commitment to service, reflected in his steadfast response to extreme or difficult circumstances, such as the attack on his residence in Saigon during the 1968 Tet Offensive. After his death the media was filled with "eulogies celebrating his life and work, his principles and patriotism". Another reason was his widely acknowledged expertise in the practice of diplomacy. For example, his book, A Guide to Protocol was the main reference for Filipino diplomats seeking to build the Philippine foreign service in the period after WWII. This book has continued to guide Philippine diplomatic practice decades after its publication.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bernardita Catalla</span> Philippine ambassador

Bernardita Leonido Catalla was a Filipina career diplomat who was last appointed the Philippine ambassador to Lebanon. Prior to her posting in Lebanon, she was also assigned to Hong Kong, Indonesia, and Malaysia.

The Embassy of the Philippines in Jakarta is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of the Philippines to the Republic of Indonesia. It is currently located at 8 Imam Bonjol Street in the Menteng district of Central Jakarta, near significant city landmarks like the Formulation of Proclamation Text Museum and Taman Suropati.

References

  1. "Executive Order No. 571, February 27, 1953: Creating a Decoration to Be Known As the Order of Sikatuna". Supreme Court E-Library. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
  2. "ODM of The Philippines: Order of Sikatuna". Medals.org.uk. February 27, 1953. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
  3. "The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898 : explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the Catholic Missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the beginning of the nineteenth century / edited and annotated by Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson, with historical introduction and additional notes by Edward Gaylord Bourne ; translated from the originals. [Vol. 33, no. 1]". Umich.edu. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  4. "The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803; explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the Catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the beginning of the nineteenth century; [Vol. 1, no. 33]". Umich.edu. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  5. "Executive Order No. 24, October 19, 1962". Supreme Court E-Library. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
  6. "Executive Order No. 174, February 26, 1969". Supreme Court E-Library. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
  7. "Executive Order No. 236, September 19, 2003: Establishing the Honors Code of the Philippines to Create an Order of Precedence of Honors Conferred and For Other Purposes". Supreme Court E-Library. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
  8. 1 2 3 "The Order of Sikatuna". Official Gazette.
  9. "Japanese Recipients of Filipino Decorations". Official Gazette. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
  10. "The Philippines' Stake in ASEAN Address by Her Excellency Mrs. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, President of the Philippines, at the ASEAN Secretariat Jakarta, 13 November 2001". ASEAN | ONE VISION ONE IDENTITY ONE COMMUNITY.
  11. President Arroyo Confers Order of Sikatuna award on Ambassador Ricciardone Archived September 23, 2006, at the Wayback Machine Embassy of the United States in Manila. Retrieved December 22, 2006
  12. PGMA confers order of Sikatuna on outgoing Czech Republic envoy Gov.ph News Retrieved December 22, 2006.
  13. PGMA confers Sikatuna award to Chinese convoy Archived September 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Gov.ph News Retrieved December 22, 2006
  14. PGMA confers Order of Sikatuna to outgoing Malaysia Ambassador Archived July 12, 2010, at the Wayback Machine Gov.ph News Retrieved December 22, 2006.
  15. PGAM confers Order of Sikatuna to outgoing Portuguese Ambassador Archived May 14, 2010, at the Wayback Machine Gov.ph News Retrieved December 22, 2006.
  16. "photo 9 - 120511". pcoo.gov.ph. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  17. "Aquino confers Order of Sikatuna on outgoing Ambassador of the Netherlands to the Philippines". Office of the President of the Philippines. August 29, 2012. Archived from the original on March 20, 2016. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
  18. "Aquino thanks outgoing Brazil envoy for pushing bilateral ties". Archived from the original on March 17, 2017. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
  19. "PNoy says goodbye to US envoy". Yahoo Philippines News. October 14, 2013. Archived from the original on April 3, 2015. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  20. "President's Day: August 5, 2013". Gov.ph. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  21. "MR160105: Outgoing Australian Ambassador Conferred the Order of Sikatuna".
  22. "President Benigno S. Aquino III confers the Order of Sikatuna to outgoing Malaysia Ambassador". Archived from the original on February 4, 2017. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
  23. "Duterte confers 'Sikatuna' to outgoing Norwegian envoy". Manila Bulletin. June 16, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
  24. 1 2 3 "President Duterte confers Order of Sikatuna on outgoing Czech, Australian and Malaysian envoys". Philippine Information Agency. November 25, 2018. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  25. Farewell Call of Archbishop Gabriele Giordano Caccia, Apostolic Nuncio of the Holy See, 11 December 2019. Retrieved on 12 December 2019.
  26. "PRRD grateful for sustained PH-Japan ties under Haneda's stint". Philippine News Agency.
  27. "Secretary Locsin confers order of Sikatuna on outgoing hungarian ambassador Bencze". People's Television Network, Philippine News Agency. July 6, 2020. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
  28. "DFA Press release".
  29. Their Majesties Archived December 9, 2008, at the Wayback Machine Virtual Malaysia's Tribute to the 48th National Day Celebration Retrieved December 23, 2006.
  30. "Archived copy" . Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  31. FACT CHECK: President Diosdado Macapagal hosted King Bhumibol Adulyadej during his visit in Manila on July 9, 1963
  32. "PNoy fetes 'Bapa' Yudhoyono". Archived from the original on May 24, 2014.
  33. Dizon, Nikko. "Aquino flies to Japan for four-day state visit, exchange of top honors". globalnation.inquirer.net. Archived from the original on July 13, 2015.
  34. "ORDER OF SIKATUNA". The Manila Times. March 3, 2015. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
  35. "Duterte confers Order of Sikatuna on late Japan PM Fukuda". Rappler. November 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
  36. "CURRICULUM VITAE OF THE AMBASSADOR". Embassy of the Philippines in Nairobi, Kenya. April 29, 2014. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
  37. Phl ambassador to Vietnam leads 2012 Outstanding Fernandino honorees Archived April 5, 2013, at the Wayback Machine Philippine Information Agency, Central Luzon Region. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
  38. Rocamora, Joyce Ann L. (December 11, 2020). "Late envoy, 5 others receive pres'l awards". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  39. PJEE's Speech at the Conferment of the Order of Sikatuna on Jaime Cardinal Sin Archived September 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine www.opnet.ops.gov.ph Retrieved December 22, 2006.
  40. Pacquiao proves too classy, but Mexican foe displays grit Archived October 21, 2007, at the Wayback Machine The Manila Times Retrieved December 22, 2006.
  41. Philippines Confers Order of Sikatuna on Former Bangladesh Foreign Secretary Gov.ph News Retrieved December 22, 2006.
  42. PGMA confers Sikatuna Medal on EC official Archived March 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Positive News Media:Philippines Retrieved December 23, 2006.
  43. PGMA confers Order of Sikatuna on DFA official Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Positive News Media: Philippines Retrieved December 23, 2006.
  44. "News and Information Bureau | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines". Gov.ph. January 21, 2014. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
  45. "Conferment of the Order of Sikatuna on Hon Hillary Rodham Clinton, Secretary of State of the USA". Radio Television Malacañang. November 13, 2014. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
  46. "Jose T. Almonte" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 16, 2011.
  47. "FOR FIGHTING FOR FILIPINO VETERANS Order of Sikatuna conferred on US senator". INQUIRER.net. April 30, 2011. Archived from the original on September 20, 2012. Retrieved June 27, 2011.
  48. "photo 2 - 011812". Pcoo.gov.ph. January 18, 2012. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
  49. "緒方特別顧問がフィリピン共和国政府よりシカツナ勲章を受章 | 2013年度 | ニュースリリース | ニュース - JICA". www.jica.go.jp.
  50. "USAID mission director conferred Order of Sikatuna - The Manila Times Online". www.manilatimes.net. September 2015. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  51. ADB, Philippines President Duterte Bestows National Honor on ADB President Nakao', ADB News releast, January 7, 2020.
  52. "Aquino bestows Order of Sikatuna to ADB's Kuroda". Rappler. March 13, 2013. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
  53. "Deputy Minister of Defence Conferred The Philippine Order of Sikatuna". Royal Brunei Air Force . August 24, 2008.