The Dominican honours system is a means of rewarding individuals' personal bravery, achievement or service to the Dominican Republic. The system consists of two types of awards: decorations and medals.
These were introduced within the Rafael Trujillo regime. Some of them were named after him; those were rescinded after his death on 30 May 1961.
These are the orders and medals actually awarded by the government of the Dominican Republic:
The following orders and medals were awarded by the government of the Dominican Republic until the death of Rafael Trujillo:
|  | |
The foreign relations of the Dominican Republic are the Dominican Republic's relations with other governments.
Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina, nicknamed El Jefe, was a Dominican dictator who ruled the Dominican Republic from February 1930 until his assassination in May 1961. He served as president from 1930 to 1938 and again from 1942 to 1952, ruling for the rest of the time as an unelected military strongman under figurehead presidents. His rule of 31 years, known to Dominicans as the Trujillo Era, is considered one of the bloodiest political regimes ever in the Americas, and centered around a personality cult of its leader. Trujillo and his regime were responsible for many deaths, including between 12,000 and 30,000 Haitians in the infamous Parsley massacre in 1937.
Francisco Higino Craveiro Lopes was a Portuguese Air Force officer and politician who served as the 12th President of Portugal from 1951 to 1958.
The Order of Merit of Duarte, Sánchez and Mella is the principal order of the Dominican Republic. It was established on 24 February 1931 as the Juan Pablo Duarte Order of Merit and renamed on 9 September 1954. The Head of State confers the order both to civilians and military personnel for distinguished services.
An order of merit is an honorific order that is conferred by a state, government, royal family, or other sovereign entity to an individual in recognition of military or civil merit. The historical background of the modern honours system of orders of merit may be traced to the emergence of chivalric orders during the Middle Ages.
The Order of Christopher Columbus is an order of the Dominican Republic. It was established on 21 July 1937. The Head of State confers the order, by advice of the council of the order, both to civilians and military personnel to recognize services.
Dr. Rafael Molina Morillo was a lawyer, journalist, diplomat, and newspaper editor from the Dominican Republic. He created Ahora! Publications which published El Nacional newspaper and Ahora! magazine. He also was editor of Listín Diario newspaper and El Dia, a free newspaper in the Dominican Republic.
The Star of South Africa, post-nominal letters SSA, is a military decoration for merit which was instituted by the Union of South Africa from 1952 to 1975. It was awarded to general and flag officers of the South African Defence Force for exceptionally meritorious service. The Star of South Africa was discontinued on 1 July 1975, when a new set of orders, decorations and medals was instituted.
The Parsley massacre was a mass killing of Haitians living in the Dominican Republic's northwestern frontier and in certain parts of the contiguous Cibao region in October 1937. Dominican Army troops from different areas of the country carried out the massacre on the orders of Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo. As a result of the massacre, virtually the entire Haitian population in the Dominican frontier was either killed or forced to flee across the border. Some died while trying to flee to Haiti across the Dajabón River that divides the two nations.
Portugal has a system of orders, decorations, and medals as a means of honouring individuals for personal bravery, achievement, or service to Portugal.
The Dominican Party was the de facto only permitted political party in the Dominican Republic during the dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo, who ruled the country from 1930 to 1961. Its symbol was a palm tree.
The Order of Merit is a Chilean order and was created in 1929. Succeeding the Medal of the Merit, which was created during the term of the President Germán Riesco through the Minister of War decree No. 1350 on 4 September 1906. This new national distinction was created to recognize the meritorious service provided by foreign military personnel to Chilean officials. The order is only awarded to foreigners.
The Order of Trujillo was the second principal order of the Dominican Republic, after the Order of Merit of Duarte, Sanchez and Mella. It was established on 13 June 1938 in honour of the then-President Generalissimo Rafael Trujillo. The Head of State conferred the order both to civilians and members of the military for distinguished services, regardless of Dominican Republic citizenship.
The Order of Military Merit is an honour awarded to members of the Military of the Dominican Republic. It was established on 15 November 1930.
The Chilean honours system provides a means for the Government of Chile to reward gallantry, achievement, or service, by both Chileans and non-citizens. The honours system consists of three types of award: orders, decorations and medals. Membership of an Order is conferred to recognise merit in terms of achievement and service. Decorations are conferred to recognise specific deeds of gallantry, bravery, distinguished or meritorious service. Medals are conferred to recognise long and/or valuable service and/or good conduct. Awards to non-citizens are usually only made where the gallantry, achievement or service has advanced Chilean interests in some way. The honours conferred by the Chilean Republic can be divided into two groups: civil and military. Military honours are conferred by the different branches of the Armed Forces of Chile. Civil honours are conferred by the President of Chile or, in some instances, by the government minister relevant to the particular honour.
The Order of Boyacá is the highest peacetime decoration of Colombia. The order is awarded for exceptional service to distinguished Colombian military officers and civilians as well as foreign citizens of friendly nations. Established in 1922, the Order of Boyacá traces its origin to a Cruz de Boyacá that was awarded to the generals who led their forces to victory in the Battle of Boyaca in 1819. Reestablished in 1919 as an award for military personnel the order has undergone revisions and expansions into its current form, with the biggest change happening in 1922 where civilians became eligible to be awarded the Order of Boyaca.
The system of orders, decorations and medals of Uruguay consist of both military and civilian honours presented by the authorities of Uruguay with the purpose of recognize and rewards actions or services considered praiseworthy.
The Mingorrubio Cemetery, also called the Cemetery of El Pardo, is a municipal cemetery on the edge of Madrid, Spain. Mingorrubio is a neighborhood in the northern district of Fuencarral-El Pardo.
