Orders, decorations, and medals of Sri Lanka

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In the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, individuals are recognized for personal bravery, achievement, or service with the with national honours. The national honours consists of several types of awards:

Contents

Awards are conferred by the President of Sri Lanka on behalf of the Government of Sri Lanka, with the Presidential Secretariat being responsible for the administration of the honours.

History

The Sinhalese monarchs rewarded their loyal subjects with titles and tokens of honor, with the last native kingdom, the Kingdom of Kandy, having an established system of honors that had been in practice since time immemorial. The British established their own system of honors for the island, incorporating indigenous titles and Imperial honors by the late nineteeth century. Until 1972, the British honours system was in place in Ceylon along with several indigenous titles, however, since 1956 no nominations were made for these honours and were automatically discontinued after Sri Lanka became a republic.

The modern national honours of Sri Lanka was constituted in 1986 by the Extraordinary Gazette No. 387/3 issued on 2 March 1986, which established a uniquely indigenous honours system of titles, decorations and medals which are awarded to recognise achievements of, or service by, Sri Lankans or others in connection with Sri Lanka. This was followed by amendments mentioned in the Government Gazette No. 627/8 issued on 12 September 1990, Government Gazette No. 863/4 issued on 20 March 1995 and Government Gazette No. 1535/12 8 February 2008. Many of the awards are titular. [1]

Selection and awards

Nominations for national honors are made by cabinet ministers and provincial governors. A select committee nominated by the President and chaired by the Prime Minister’s Secretary review the nominations. This list is then reviewed by a group of scholars chosen by the President's Secretary and selects recipients for appointment by the President. [2]

The recipient's names are formally published in a gazette, after which the awards are presented by the President on a special ceremony that may fall on the National Independence Day, National Heroes Day, and events honoring non-Sri Lankan honorees. [2]

Civil Honour

These include the following in the order of their ranking, which are used as titles;

For service to the nation

Sri Lankabhimanya

The Sri Lankabhimanya is conferred to "those who have rendered exceptionally outstanding and most distinguished service to the nation". The honour can only be held by five Sri Lankans at a time, and also can be conferred posthumously. [3]

Deshamanya

The Deshamanya (Pride of the Nation) is the second highest Sri Lankan national honour, awarded by the Government of Sri Lanka "for highly meritorious service". [4]

Deshabandu

The Deshabandu is the third-highest Sri Lankan national honour. It is awarded "for meritorious service". [4]

Sri Lanka Sikhamani

The Sri Lanka Sikhamani (Sri Lanka's precious gem) is a national honour "for service to the nation". [4]

Sri Lanka Thilaka

The Sri Lanka Thilaka is a non-titular national honour "for service to the nation". [4]

For bravery

Veera Chudamani

The Veera Chudamani is a National Honour awarded " for acts of bravery of the highest order". Veera Chudamani ranks lower than Deshabandu. [4]

Veera Prathapa

The Veera Prathapa is a non-titular national honour awarded " for acts of bravery of the highest order". Veera Prathapa ranks lower than Sri Lanka Thilaka. [4]

For scientific achievement

Vidya Jyothi

The Vidya Jyothi is a national honour awarded " for outstanding scientific and technological achievements". [4] It is the highest national honour for science in Sri Lanka for outstanding contribution to the development of the country through dedicated work in the chosen field. It is conventionally used as a title or prefix to the awardee's name. Vidya Jyothi ranks lower than Veera Chudamani.

Vidya Nidhi

The Vidya Nidhi is a national honour awarded " for meritorious scientific and technological achievements". [4] Vidya Nidhi ranks lower than Sri Lanka Sikhamani.

For achievements in arts, culture and drama

Kala Keerthi

The Kala Keerthi is a national honour awarded " for extraordinary achievements and contributions in arts, culture and drama". [4] It is the highest National Honour for arts, culture and drama in Sri Lanka. It is conventionally used as a title or prefix to the awardee's name. Kala Keerthi ranks lower than Vidya Jyothi

Kala Suri

The Kala Suri is a national honour awarded " for special contributions to the development of the arts". [4] Kala Suri ranks lower than Vidya Nidhi.

For non-nationals

Sri Lanka Mitra Vibhushana

The Sri Lanka Mitra Vibhushana is the highest Sri Lankan honour for non-citizens, reserved for heads of state and heads of government with which Sri Lanka has friendly relations "in appreciation of their friendship towards and solidarity with the people of Sri Lanka". [5]

Sri Lanka Rathna

The Sri Lanka Rathna is a Sri Lankan honour, for foreigners or non-nationals, awarded " for exceptional and outstanding service to the nation". [4] It comprises a citation and a gold medal studded with nine "navaratnas" (Sri Lankan gems) with a Manel symbol (the country's national flower).

Sri Lanka Ranjana

The Sri Lanka Ranjana is a Sri Lankan honour, for foreigners or non-nationals, awarded " for distinguished service of highly meritorious nature". [4]

Sri Lanka Ramya

The Sri Lanka Ramya is a Sri Lankan honour, for foreigners or non-nationals, awarded "for distinguished service". [4]

Vishishta Kaushalyabhimani

The Vishishta Kaushalyabhimani was established in 2023. [6]

Vishishta Republica Abhimani

The Vishishta Republica Abhimani was established in 2023. [6]

Order of precedence

Non-honours

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 "LATEST NEWSLegal actions against unauthorized conferment and utilization of national awards and honorary titles". The Island. 23 February 2024. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  2. 1 2 "Legal action to stop unapproved awarding of national honors: President's Secy". Sunday Times. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  3. ↑ "Sri Lankabhimanya award for two distinguished Sri Lankans". Island. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Gunawardena, Charles A. (2005). Encyclopedia Of Sri Lanka. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 254. ISBN   9781932705485.
  5. ↑ "Two Palestinian Heads of State awarded Sri Lanka Mitra Vibhushana National Honour". Sundaytimes.lk. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
  6. 1 2 "President's Secretary directs officials to pursue legal action against unauthorized granting of national awards and honorary titles". news.lk. Department of Information, Government of Sri Lanka. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
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