Orders, decorations, and medals of Mongolia are governed by the laws of Mongolia on awards.
Titles in Mongolia have a history dating back to the time of the Mongol Empire. [1] For example, the title of Baatar (“Hero”) was traditionally awarded to military leaders. [1] At the beginning of the 20th century, Russia played a key role in establishing Mongolia's independence from China. [1] To honor this contribution, the Order of the Vajra (translated as the “Order of the Precious Rod”) was created for Mongolian nobility and foreigners, the latter were almost exclusively Russians. [1] The order was abolished after the Mongolian Revolution of 1921. [1]
Later on during the Cold War, state awards returned to the mainstream, with Mongolian designs being patterned off of the Soviet model. [1] Many of the higher Mongolian awards were also manufactured in the Soviet Union. [1] In 1936, the new Mongolian state had formally enshrined the title of “Hero” by law, and in 1941, the “Badge of the Hero” was established. [1] In 1956 the Hero of Labor Golden Soyombo Medal was added to the Mongolian awards system. [1] A unique title, known as "Honorary Freeman of the Mongolian People’s Republic" was for Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev to commemorate his visit to Ulaanbaatar in 1974. [1]
Unlike the situation after the fall of the soviet union, the communist-era awards of the Mongolian People's Republic were not abolished after the Mongolian Revolution of 1990, with many being awarded to this day. [1]
Gherman Stepanovich Titov was a Soviet and Russian cosmonaut who, on 6 August 1961, became the second human to orbit the Earth, aboard Vostok 2, preceded by Yuri Gagarin on Vostok 1. He was the fourth person in space, counting suborbital voyages of US astronauts Alan Shepard and Gus Grissom. A month short of 26 years old at launch, he is the youngest professional astronaut and was the youngest person to fly in space until 2021 when Oliver Daemen flew on Blue Origin NS-16 at the age of 18. Since Daemen flew a suborbital mission, Titov remains the youngest person to fly in Earth orbit.
Viktor Vasilyevich Gorbatko was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 7, Soyuz 24, and Soyuz 37 missions.
Sergey Vladimirovich Mikhalkov was a Soviet and Russian author of children's books and satirical fables. He wrote the lyrics for the Soviet and Russian national anthems.
Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal was a Mongolian politician who led the Mongolian People's Republic from 1952 to 1984. He served as General Secretary of the ruling Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party from 1940 to 1954 and again from 1958 to 1984, as Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1952 to 1974, and as Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Khural from 1974 to 1984.
Dmitry Timofeyevich Yazov was a Marshal of the Soviet Union. A veteran of the Great Patriotic War, Yazov served as Minister of Defence from 1987 until he was arrested for his part in the 1991 August Coup, four months before the fall of the Soviet Union. Yazov was the last person to be appointed to the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union on 28 April 1990, the only Marshal born in Siberia, and at the time of his death on 25 February 2020, he was the last living Marshal of the Soviet Union.
The title of Hero is presented by various governments in recognition of acts of self-sacrifice to the state, and great achievements in combat or labor. It is originally a Soviet-type honor, and is continued by several nations including Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. It was also awarded to cities and fortresses for collective efforts in heroic feats. Each hero receives a medal for public display, special privileges and rights for life, and the admiration and respect of the nation. Some countries without Soviet connections also award Hero honours.
Igor Aleksandrovich Moiseyev was a Soviet and Russian ballet master, dancer, choreographer and pedagogue. Moiseyev was widely acclaimed as the greatest 20th-century choreographer of character dance, a dance style similar to folk dance but with more professionalism and theatrics.
Sergei Leonidovich Sokolov was a Soviet military commander, Hero of the Soviet Union, and served as Minister of Defence of the Soviet Union from 22 December 1984 until 29 May 1987.
Ivan Vladimirovich Tyulenev was a Soviet military commander, one of the first to be promoted to the rank of General of the Army in 1940.
Ivan Ivanovich Fedyuninsky was a Soviet military leader and Hero of the Soviet Union (1939).
Sergey Ivanovich Gritsevets was a Soviet major and pilot who was twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
Georgy Filippovich Baydukov was a Soviet test pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union (1936), writer and hunter.
Grigory Mikhailovich Shtern was a Soviet officer in the Red Army and military advisor during the Spanish Civil War. He also served with distinction during the Soviet-Japanese Border Wars and the Winter War. The Soviet authorities accused him of treason and had him shot during Stalin's military purge of 1941.
Sagadat Kozhakhmetovich Nurmagambetov was a Soviet and Kazakh general who served as Chairman of Kazakhstan's State Defense Committee in 1991-1992 and Kazakhstan's first Minister of Defense following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, holding the office of Defense Minister from May 1992 to November 1995. He was an adviser to Nursultan Nazarbayev in 1995-1996.
Arseny Vasilyevich Vorozheykin was a squadron commander in the Soviet Air Force and fighter ace during the Second World War. He was twice awarded the USSR's highest honor, Hero of the Soviet Union, and went on to become a Major-General of Aviation.
Butochiyn Tsog was a Mongolian politician and military leader in the Mongolian People's Republic from the 1950s up until 1985. He is credited with building Mongolian military strength in the 60s and 70s.
The Moscow Higher Combined Arms Command School "Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR" is a higher military educational institution of the Russian Armed Forces. Alumni of the school have served with the Soviet Army and the Russian Ground Forces in many local and international deployments. The school's cadets are also known affectionately as the Kremlin Cadets or the Kremlovskie kursanty.
The Medal "30 years of the Victory in Khalkhin-Gol" was an award of the Mongolian People's Republic, instituted on 9 June 1969. It was awarded to Mongolians and foreigners for military and civil services. The Medal was in 1969, in honor of the 30th anniversary of the Battle of Khalkhin-Gol.
Ivan Nikolaevich Shkadov was an army general of the Soviet Army and a Hero of the Soviet Union.
Lev Nikolaevich Smirnov was a Soviet lawyer, Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union in 1972–1984, Chairman of the Association of Soviet Lawyers, Hero of Socialist Labour.