Outline of the C programming language

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to C:

C is a general-purpose programming language, procedural programming language, compiled language, and statically typed programming language. It was created by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 at Bell Labs as a successor to the B programming language. ^[1]

What type of language is C?

C can be described as all of the following:

• Programming language — artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer.
• Compiled language — language implemented through compilers rather than interpreters
• Procedural programming language — programming paradigm based on the concept of procedure calls
• General-purpose programming language — designed for writing software in a wide variety of application domains
• Statically typed programming language — type checking is performed at compile-time ^{[2] [3]}

General C concepts

• Variables in C
• Data types in C
• Operators in C
• Control flow
• Pointers in C
• Memory management in C
• Header files
• Preprocessor directives

Issues / Limitations

• Undefined behavior
• Constructs that behave differently in C and C++

C Toolchain

See also: List of C software and tools

C compilers

See also: List of C compilers

• GCC — GNU Compiler Collection
• Clang — LLVM C compiler
• MSVC — Microsoft Visual C++ compiler (supports C)
• TinyCC
• Turbo C

C libraries

See also: List of open-source code libraries

C Standard Library

Main article: C standard library

The C standard library provides fundamental routines for:

• Input/output (stdio.h)
• String handling (string.h)
• Mathematical computations (math.h)
• Memory management (stdlib.h)
• Time and date (time.h)

Other notable libraries

• GLib
• SDL
• GSL
• libcurl
• OpenSSL

History of C

• B programming language — precursor to C
• K&R C — early version described by Kernighan and Ritchie
• ANSI C / ISO C standards: ^[4]
  • C89/C90
  • C99
  • C11
  • C17
  • C23 — current standard

Notable projects written in C

• CPython — the reference implementation of the Python programming language
• Git — version control system
• Linux kernel
• Lua
• PostgreSQL — relational database system
• Redis — in-memory database
• SQLite — embedded database engine
• Unix — originally rewritten in C at Bell Labs
• Vim

Example source code

• Articles with example C code

C publications

Books about C

• Andrew Koenig – C Traps and Pitfalls
• Brian W. Kernighan – The C Programming Language
• Guy L. Steele Jr. – C: A Reference Manual
• Herbert Schildt – C, The Complete Reference
• Peter van der Linden – Expert C Programming: Deep C Secrets

Magazines about C

• C/C++ Users Journal — (historical publication)

C personalities

• Brian Kernighan
• Dennis Ritchie
• Ken Thompson
• Linus Torvalds

C dialects

• Cyclone — safe variant
• Embedded C
• GNU C — features specific to GCC
• K&R C
• Microsoft C — Microsoft-specific extensions
• Objective-C — object-oriented extension of C

See also

• Compatibility of C and C++
• List of software programming journals
• List of C-family programming languages
• Outline of computer programming
• Outline of software
• Outline of software engineering
• Outline of C++

References

1. "Introduction to C". W3Schools.
2. "C Programming Language - FASRC DOCS". docs.rc.fas.harvard.edu. April 29, 2024.
3. https://www.techtarget.com/searchwindowsserver/definition/C
4. Ritchie, Dennis M. (1988). The C Programming Language (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN   0-13-110362-8.

External links

• ISO C standard information
• C reference on cppreference.com