Unreal Engine

Last updated

Unreal Engine
Original author(s) Tim Sweeney
Developer(s) Epic Games
Stable release
5.4
Preview release
5.5 Preview 1
Written in C++
Operating system Windows, Linux, macOS
License Source-available commercial software with royalty model for commercial use [1]
Website unrealengine.com

Unreal Engine (UE) is a 3D computer graphics game engine developed by Epic Games, first showcased in the 1998 first-person shooter video game Unreal . Initially developed for PC first-person shooters, it has since been used in a variety of genres of games and has been adopted by other industries, most notably the film and television industry. Unreal Engine is written in C++ and features a high degree of portability, supporting a wide range of desktop, mobiles, console, and virtual reality platforms.

Contents

The latest generation, Unreal Engine 5, was launched in April 2022. Its source code is available on GitHub, and commercial use is granted based on a royalty model, with Epic charging 5% of revenues over US $1 million, which is waived for games published exclusively on the Epic Games Store. Epic has incorporated features in the engine from acquired companies such as Quixel, which is seen as benefiting from Fortnite 's revenue.

In 2014, Unreal Engine was named the world's "most successful videogame engine" by Guinness World Records . [2]

History

Release timeline
1998Unreal Engine 1
1999
2000
2001Unreal Engine 2
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006Unreal Engine 3
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014Unreal Engine 4
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022Unreal Engine 5

First generation

Unreal Engine 1 was initially developed in 1995 by Epic Games founder Tim Sweeney for Unreal and used software rendering. It supported Windows, Linux, Mac and Unix. Epic later began to license the Engine to other game studios.

Unreal Engine 2

Unreal Engine 2 transitioned the engine from software rendering to hardware rendering and brought support for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, and GameCube consoles. The first game using UE2 was released in 2002 and its last update was shipped in 2005.

Unreal Engine 3

Unreal Engine 3 was one of the first game engines to support multithreading. It used DirectX 9 as its baseline graphics API, simplifying its rendering code. The first games using UE3 were released at the end of 2006.

Unreal Engine 4

Unreal Engine 4 brought support for physically based materials and the "Blueprints" visual scripting system. The first game using UE4 was released in April 2014. It was the first version of Unreal to be free to download with royalty payments on game revenue.

Unreal Engine 5

Unreal Engine 5 features Nanite, a virtualized geometry system that allows game developers to use arbitrarily high quality meshes with automatically generated Level of Detail, and Lumen, a dynamic global illumination and reflections system that uses software and hardware ray tracing. It was revealed in May 2020 and officially released in April 2022.

Scripting

UnrealScript

UnrealScript
Paradigm Object-oriented, generic
Developer Tim Sweeney
First appearedMay 1998;26 years ago (May 1998)
Typing discipline Static, strong, safe
OS Cross-platform (multi-platform)
Filename extensions .uc .uci .upkg
Website docs.unrealengine.com
Influenced by
C++, Java

UnrealScript (often abbreviated to UScript) was Unreal Engine's native scripting language used for authoring game code and gameplay events before the release of Unreal Engine 4. The language was designed for simple, high-level game programming. [3] UnrealScript was programmed by Tim Sweeney, [4] who also created an earlier game scripting language, ZZT-OOP. [5] Deus Ex lead programmer Chris Norden described it as "super flexible" but noted its low execution speed. [6]

Similar to Java, UnrealScript was object-oriented without multiple inheritance (classes all inherit from a common Object class), and classes were defined in individual files named for the class they define. Unlike Java, UnrealScript did not have object wrappers for primitive types. Interfaces were only supported in Unreal Engine generation 3 and a few Unreal Engine 2 games. UnrealScript supported operator overloading, but not method overloading, except for optional parameters.

At the 2012 Game Developers Conference, Epic announced that UnrealScript was being removed from Unreal Engine 4 in favor of C++. [7] Visual scripting would be supported by the Blueprints Visual Scripting system, a replacement for the earlier Kismet visual scripting system. [8] [9]

One of the key moments in Unreal Engine 4's development was, we had a series of debates about UnrealScript – the scripting language I'd built that we'd carried through three generations. And what we needed to do to make it competitive in the future. And we kept going through bigger and bigger feature lists of what we needed to do to upgrade it, and who could possibly do the work, and it was getting really, really unwieldy. And there was this massive meeting to try and sort it out, and try to cut things and decide what to keep, and plan and...there was this point where I looked at that and said 'you know, everything you're proposing to add to UnrealScript is already in C++. Why don't we just kill UnrealScript and move to pure C++? You know, maximum performance and maximum debuggability. It gives us all these advantages.'

— Sweeney, Gamasutra , 2017 [10]

Verse

Verse is the new scripting language for Unreal Engine, first implemented in Fortnite . [11] Simon Peyton Jones, known for his contributions to the Haskell programming language, joined Epic Games in December 2021 as Engineering Fellow to work on Verse with his long-time colleague Lennart Augustsson and others. [12] Conceived by Sweeney, [13] it was officially presented at Haskell eXchange in December 2022 as an open source functional-logic language for the metaverse. [14] A research paper, titled The Verse Calculus: a Core Calculus for Functional Logic Programming, was also published. [15]

The language was eventually launched in March 2023 as part of the release of the Unreal Editor for Fortnite (UEFN) at the Game Developers Conference, with plans to be available to all Unreal Engine users by 2025. [11]

Marketplace

With Unreal Engine 4, Epic opened the Unreal Engine Marketplace in September 2014. The Marketplace is a digital storefront that allows content creators and developers to provide art assets, models, sounds, environments, code snippets, and other features that others could purchase, along with tutorials and other guides. Some content is provided for free by Epic, including previously offered Unreal assets and tutorials. [16] Prior to July 2018, Epic took a 30% share of the sales but due to the success of Unreal and Fortnite Battle Royale , Epic retroactively reduced its take to 12%. [17]

Usage

Video games

Unreal Engine was originally designed to be used as the underlying technology for video games. The engine is used in a number of high-profile game titles with high graphics capabilities, including Hogwarts Legacy , [18] PUBG: Battlegrounds , Final Fantasy VII Remake , Valorant and Yoshi's Crafted World, in addition to games developed by Epic, including Gears of War and Fortnite. [19] [20] [21] Polish game developer CD Projekt is also planning to use the engine after retiring their in-house REDengine; their first game to use Unreal will be a remake of The Witcher . [22] [23] [24] [25]

Film and television

Unreal Engine has found use in film making to create virtual sets that can track with a camera's motion around actors and objects and be rendered in real time to large LED screens and atmospheric lighting systems. This allows for real-time composition of shots, immediate editing of the virtual sets as needed, and the ability to shoot multiple scenes within a short period by just changing the virtual world behind the actors. The overall appearance was recognized to appear more natural than typical chromakey effects.

External videos
Nuvola apps kaboodle.svg Industrial Light & Magic - The Virtual Production of The Mandalorian

Among the productions to use these technologies were the live action television series The Mandalorian , Westworld and Fallout , [26] and the animated series Zafari and Super Giant Robot Brothers . Jon Favreau and Lucasfilm's Industrial Light & Magic division worked with Epic in developing their StageCraft technology for The Mandalorian, based on a similar approach Favreau had used in The Lion King . [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] Favreau then shared this technology approach with Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy, the producers for Westworld. The show had already looked at the use of virtual sets before and had some technology established, but integrated the use of Unreal Engine as with StageCraft for its third season. [32] [33]

Orca Studios, a Spanish-based company, has been working with Epic to establish multiple studios for virtual filming similar to the StageCraft approach with Unreal Engine providing the virtual sets, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, which restricted travel. [34]

In January 2021, Deadline Hollywood announced that Epic was using part of its Epic MegaGrants to back for the first time an animated feature film, Gilgamesh, to be produced fully in Unreal Engine by animation studios Hook Up, DuermeVela and FilmSharks. [35] As part of an extension of its MegaGrants, Epic also funded 45 additional projects since around 2020 for making movies and short films in the Unreal Engine. [36] By October 2022, Epic was working with several different groups at over 300 virtual sets across the world. [37] Unreal Engine was used for motion capture in Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile. [38]

Other uses

Unreal Engine has also been used by non-creative fields due to its availability and feature sets. It has been used as a basis for a virtual reality tool to explore pharmaceutical drug molecules in collaboration with other researchers, as a virtual environment to explore and design new buildings and automobiles, and used for cable news networks to support real-time graphics. [39]

Unreal Government Network logo.png

In March 2012, Epic Games announced a partnership with Virtual Heroes of Applied Research Associates to launch Unreal Government Network, a program that handles Unreal Engine licenses for government agencies. [40] Several projects originated with this support agreement, including an anaesthesiology training software for U.S. Army physicians, a multiplayer crime scene simulation developed by the FBI Academy, and various applications for the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity with the aim to help intelligence analysts recognize and mitigate cognitive biases that might affect their work. [41] [42] Similarly, the DHS Science and Technology Directorate and the U.S. Army's Training and Doctrine Command and Research Laboratory employed the engine to develop a platform to train first responders titled Enhanced Dynamic Geo-Social Environment (EDGE). [43]

Awards

The engine has received numerous awards:

The state of the Unreal Engine came up in Epic's 2020 legal action against Apple Inc. claiming anticompetitive behavior in Apple's iOS App Store. Epic had uploaded a version of Fortnite that violated Apple's App Store allowances. Apple, in response, removed the Fortnite app and later threatened to terminate Epic's developer accounts which would have prevented Epic from updating the Unreal Engine for iOS and macOS. [62] The court agreed to grant Epic a permanent injunction against Apple to prevent Apple from taking this step, since the court agreed that would impact numerous third-party developers that rely on the Unreal Engine. [63]

See also

Related Research Articles

A game engine is a software framework primarily designed for the development of video games and generally includes relevant libraries and support programs such as a level editor. The "engine" terminology is akin to the term "software engine" used more widely in the software industry.

<i>ZZT</i> 1991 video game

ZZT is a 1991 action-adventure puzzle video game and game creation system developed and published by Potomac Computer Systems for MS-DOS. It was later released as freeware in 1997. It is an early game allowing user-generated content using object-oriented programming. Players control a smiley face to battle various creatures and solve puzzles in different grid-based boards in a chosen world. It has four worlds where players explore different boards and interact with objects such as ammo, bombs, and scrolls to reach the end of the game. It includes an in-game editor, allowing players to develop worlds using the game's scripting language, ZZT-OOP.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Epic Games</span> American video game company

Epic Games, Inc. is an American video game and software developer and publisher based in Cary, North Carolina. The company was founded by Tim Sweeney as Potomac Computer Systems in 1991, originally located in his parents' house in Potomac, Maryland. Following its first commercial video game release, ZZT (1991), the company became Epic MegaGames, Inc. in early 1992 and brought on Mark Rein, who has been its vice president since. After moving the headquarters to Cary in 1999, the studio changed its name to Epic Games.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tim Sweeney</span> American video game developer (born 1970)

Timothy Dean Sweeney is an American video game programmer and businessman. He is the founder and CEO of Epic Games, and the creator of Unreal Engine, a game development platform.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Digital Extremes</span> Canadian video game developer

Digital Extremes Ltd. is a Canadian video game developer founded in 1993 by James Schmalz. They are best known for creating Warframe, a free-to-play cooperative online action game, and co-creating Epic Games' Unreal series of games. Digital Extremes is headquartered in London, Ontario. In 2014, 61% of the company was sold to Chinese holding company Multi Dynamic, now Leyou, for $73 million. In May 2016 Leyou exercised a call option and increased their stake to 97% of Digital Extremes for a total consideration of $138.2 million US. In December 2020, Tencent bought Leyou for 1.3 billion dollars, which included the majority stake in Digital Extremes that Leyou held.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Unreal Engine 4</span> Game engine

Unreal Engine 4 (UE4) is the fourth version of Unreal Engine developed by Epic Games. UE4 began development in 2003 and was released in March 2014, with the first game using UE4 being released in April 2014. UE4 introduced support for physically based materials and a new visual programming language called "Blueprints". It was succeeded by Unreal Engine 5.

Unreal Engine 1 (UE1) is the first version of the Unreal Engine game engine. It was initially developed in 1995 by Epic Games founder Tim Sweeney for Unreal. Epic later began to license the Engine to other game studios. It was succeeded by Unreal Engine 2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Unity (game engine)</span> Cross-platform video game and simulation engine

Unity is a cross-platform game engine developed by Unity Technologies, first announced and released in June 2005 at Apple Worldwide Developers Conference as a Mac OS X game engine. The engine has since been gradually extended to support a variety of desktop, mobile, console, augmented reality, and virtual reality platforms. It is particularly popular for iOS and Android mobile game development, is considered easy to use for beginner developers, and is popular for indie game development.

<i>Fortnite: Save the World</i> Co-op sandbox survival game developed by Epic Games

Fortnite: Save the World is a looter shooter survival video game produced by Epic Games, part of the game Fortnite. It is a cooperative and sandbox-style game with elements of tower defense and played in hybrid-third-person. The game was initially released as a paid-for early access title for macOS, PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One on July 25, 2017, with plans for a full free-to-play release announced in late 2018. Epic eventually opted to move the game to pay-to-play in June 2020. The retail versions of the game were published by Gearbox Software, while online distribution of the PC versions is handled by Epic's launcher.

Unreal Tournament is a cancelled first-person arena shooter video game developed by Epic Games. It was planned to be the ninth game in the Unreal franchise, the fifth game in the Unreal Tournament series, and the first entry since 2007's Unreal Tournament 3. The game utilizes Epic's Unreal Engine 4 and was planned for release for free on Microsoft Windows, OS X, and Linux. The game was released as a pre-alpha on August 13, 2014, but never completed due to Epic Games' focus on Fortnite Battle Royale.

Steven Polge is a game programmer, most noted for his work on Epic Games' Unreal series of games. Polge was hired by Epic in 1997 after creating the Reaper Bot, which is recognized by Guinness World Records as the first computer-controlled deathmatch opponent. In addition to programming on the franchise, he served as lead designer on Unreal Tournament 3, and has been credited on other Epic titles such as Gears of War, Shadow Complex and Fortnite.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Psyonix</span> American video game developer

Psyonix LLC is an American video game developer based in San Diego. It was founded in 2000 by Dave Hagewood with the team of his Internet-focused company WebSite Machines. After canceling its first two projects, Psyonix created VehicleMOD, a mod that adds vehicles to Unreal Tournament 2003. The game's developer, Epic Games, subsequently hired the studio to recreate this gameplay for a game mode in Unreal Tournament 2004. Psyonix subsisted off contract work and released its first original game, Supersonic Acrobatic Rocket-Powered Battle-Cars, in 2008. The game was not as successful as anticipated but Hagewood held on to the game's concept and had a small team prototype a sequel while the rest of the company worked on further contract projects. This sequel was released as Rocket League in 2015 and became a commercial success. Epic Games acquired the studio in May 2019.

Fortnite is an online video game and game platform developed by Epic Games and released in 2017. It is available in six distinct game mode versions that otherwise share the same general gameplay and game engine: Fortnite Battle Royale, a free-to-play battle royale game in which up to 100 players fight to be the last person standing; Fortnite: Save the World, a cooperative hybrid tower defense-shooter and survival game in which up to four players fight off zombie-like creatures and defend objects with traps and fortifications they can build; Fortnite Creative, in which players are given complete freedom to create worlds and battle arenas; Lego Fortnite, an open world survival game; Rocket Racing, a racing game; and Fortnite Festival, a rhythm game.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Epic Games Store</span> Digital video game storefront

The Epic Games Store is a video game digital distribution service and storefront operated by Epic Games. It launched in December 2018 as a software client, for Microsoft Windows and macOS, and online storefront. Android and iOS versions of the store launched in August 2024, with the iOS version only available for European users. The service provides friends list management, game matchmaking, and other features. Epic Games has further plans to expand the feature set of the storefront but it does not plan to add as many features as other digital distribution platforms, such as discussion boards or user reviews, instead using existing social media platforms to support these.

<i>Fortnite Creative</i> 2018 sandbox video game

Fortnite Creative is a sandbox game, developed and published by Epic Games, part of the video game Fortnite. It was released on December 6, 2018, for Android, iOS, macOS, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One, and in November 2020 for PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Unreal Engine 5</span> Game engine

Unreal Engine 5 (UE5) is the latest version of Unreal Engine developed by Epic Games. It was revealed in May 2020 and officially released in April 2022. Unreal Engine 5 includes multiple upgrades and new features, including Nanite, a system that automatically adjusts the level of detail of meshes, and Lumen, a dynamic global illumination and reflections system that leverages software as well as hardware accelerated ray tracing. The source code for Unreal Engine 5 is available on GitHub.

<i>Epic Games v. Apple</i> 2020 U.S. lawsuit

Epic Games, Inc. v. Apple Inc. was a lawsuit brought by Epic Games against Apple in August 2020 in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, related to Apple's practices in the iOS App Store. Epic Games specifically had challenged Apple's restrictions on apps from having other in-app purchasing methods outside of the one offered by the App Store. Epic Games's founder Tim Sweeney had previously challenged the 30% revenue cut that Apple takes on each purchase made in the App Store, and with their game Fortnite, wanted to either bypass Apple or have Apple take less of a cut. Epic implemented changes in Fortnite intentionally on August 13, 2020, to bypass the App Store payment system, prompting Apple to block the game from the App Store and leading to Epic filing its lawsuit. Apple filed a countersuit, asserting Epic purposely breached its terms of contract with Apple to goad it into action, and defended itself from Epic's suit.

StageCraft is an on-set virtual production visual effects technology composed of a video wall designed by Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) for the Disney+ series The Mandalorian. It has since been used in other productions and has been cited as a revolutionary visual effects technology. The soundstage in which StageCraft is implemented is called The Volume.

On-set virtual production (OSVP) is an entertainment technology for television and film production in which LED panels are used as a backdrop for a set, on which video or computer-generated imagery can be displayed in real-time. The use of OSVP became widespread after its use in the first season of The Mandalorian (2019), which used Unreal Engine, developed by Epic Games.

References

  1. ↑ "Unreal Engine End User License Agreement". Unreal Engine. Archived from the original on August 26, 2018. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
  2. 1 2 "Most successful videogame engine". Guinness World Records . July 16, 2014. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015.
  3. ↑ "UDK - Design Goals of UnrealScript". Unreal Engine Docs. Archived from the original on July 3, 2013. Retrieved June 26, 2013.
  4. ↑ Busby, Jason; Parrish, Zak; Wilson, Jeff (July 21, 2009). Introduction to Unreal Technology. InformIT. Archived from the original on September 30, 2012. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
  5. ↑ Thomsen, Mike (February 23, 2010). "History of the Unreal Engine". IGN . Archived from the original on July 12, 2017. Retrieved August 13, 2017.
  6. ↑ Lightbown, David (October 23, 2018). "Classic Tools Retrospective: The tools that built Deus Ex, with Chris Norden". Game Developer. Archived from the original on June 29, 2019. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
  7. ↑ Schultz, Warren. "Unreal Engine 4 - First Look". About.com . Archived from the original on May 24, 2012. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
  8. ↑ Nutt, Christian (March 21, 2014). "Epic's Tim Sweeney lays out the case for Unreal Engine 4". Game Developer. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
  9. ↑ Grayson, Nathan (July 20, 2012). "Fortnite's Jessen Talks Minecraft, PC Gaming, UE4". Rock, Paper, Shotgun . Archived from the original on May 1, 2018. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
  10. ↑ Wawro, Alex (March 1, 2017). "For Tim Sweeney, advancing Epic means racing into AR and VR". Game Developer. Archived from the original on July 20, 2017. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
  11. 1 2 "Dive into Epic's announcements from GDC 2023". Unreal Engine. March 23, 2023. Archived from the original on March 23, 2023. Retrieved March 23, 2023.
  12. ↑ Peyton Jones, Simon (November 5, 2021). "An Epic future for SPJ". Haskell Community Discourse. Archived from the original on May 20, 2022. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
  13. ↑ "Interview with Simon Peyton Jones". Haskell Foundation. March 25, 2022. Archived from the original on March 27, 2023. Retrieved March 27, 2023. So Tim Sweeney is the founder and CEO of Epic and he is a computer scientist and has been interested in programming for a long time. So he knows about Haskell and loves Haskell actually. So I think that's why he thought of people like me and Lennart and was keen to have us. But Verse isn't a Haskell clone by any means. It's a language that Tim has been designing sort of in his head actually for – I don't really quite know how long, I should ask him – around a decade. So it's informed by functional programming and imperative programming and game programming and logic programming. There's a lot going on in Verse. Lennart's and my job is to sort of reverse engineer Verse out of tim's head and get it set down in a kind of formal semantics that everybody else can make make sense of.
  14. ↑ "Beyond Functional Programming: The Verse Programming Language (Simon Peyton Jones)". YouTube . December 12, 2022. Archived from the original on December 12, 2022. Retrieved December 12, 2022.
  15. ↑ Augustsson, Lennart; Breitner, Joachim; Claessen, Koen; Jhala, Ranjit; Peyton Jones, Simon; Shivers, Olin; Steele, Guy; Sweeney, Tim (March 2023). "The Verse Calculus: a Core Calculus for Functional Logic Programming" (PDF). Simon.PeytonJones.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 15, 2023. Retrieved March 27, 2023.
  16. ↑ Brown, Fraser (September 4, 2014). "The Unreal Engine Marketplace is open for business". PCGamesN . Archived from the original on July 13, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
  17. ↑ Chalk, Andy (July 12, 2018). "Fortnite is making so much money that Epic is giving Unreal Marketplace creators a big raise". PC Gamer . Archived from the original on July 13, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
  18. ↑ Vergara, Nico (February 2, 2023). "Is Hogwarts Legacy on Unreal Engine 5?". VideoGamer. Archived from the original on February 2, 2023. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
  19. ↑ Bradshaw, Tim; Kruppa, Miles (August 12, 2020). "Epic and Unity rev their engines for the next era of entertainment". Financial Times. Archived from the original on August 12, 2020.
  20. ↑ Bradshaw, Tim; Kruppa, Miles (August 13, 2020). "Epic and Unity rev their engines for the next era of entertainment". Ars Technica . Archived from the original on December 5, 2021.
  21. ↑ Dealessandri, Marie (January 16, 2020). "What is the best game engine: is Unreal Engine right for you?". GamesIndustry.biz . Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved July 19, 2021.
  22. ↑ "The Witcher - A New Saga Begins". March 21, 2022. Archived from the original on April 12, 2022. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  23. ↑ "CD Projekt will swap REDengine for Unreal Engine 5 to create the next Witcher saga". Game Developer. March 22, 2022. Archived from the original on April 5, 2023. Retrieved April 6, 2023.
  24. ↑ Patel, Ashkay (September 9, 2022). "After Cyberpunk 2077's Disastrous Launch, CDPR Is Ditching REDengine For Unreal". The Gamer. Archived from the original on January 19, 2023. Retrieved April 6, 2023.
  25. ↑ Nightingale, Ed (October 26, 2022). "CD Projekt Red announces remake of first Witcher game". Eurogamer . Archived from the original on May 21, 2023. Retrieved August 26, 2022.
  26. ↑ The VFX of ‘Fallout’: shooting on an LED volume on film, crafting one-eyed digital humans, mixing practical and digital, and more
  27. ↑ Lodderhose, Diana (May 21, 2023). "Technologies Like AI & Unreal Engine Are A Having Big Impact On The Entertainment Business, But Where Will It Go From Here?". Deadline.com . Archived from the original on July 31, 2023. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
  28. ↑ "Upcoming Animated Series 'Zafari' Is Being Rendered Completely With The Unreal Game Engine". Cartoon Brew . September 12, 2017. Archived from the original on February 14, 2018. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
  29. ↑ Grubb, Jeff (November 19, 2019). "Why 'The Mandalorian' cites Fortnite dev Epic Games in its credits". Venture Beat . Archived from the original on January 5, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  30. ↑ Desowitz, Bill (February 20, 2020). "'The Mandalorian': How ILM's Innovative StageCraft Tech Created a 'Star Wars' Virtual Universe". Yahoo News . Archived from the original on January 5, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  31. ↑ Good, Owen (February 20, 2020). "How Lucasfilm used Unreal Engine to make The Mandalorian". Polygon . Archived from the original on November 13, 2020. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  32. ↑ Vary, Adam (March 12, 2020). "'Westworld' Showrunners on the Series' Bold New Direction for Season 3". Variety. Archived from the original on March 9, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  33. ↑ Failes, Ian (June 25, 2020). "'Westworld's' journey into the LED screen revolution". Befores & Afters. Archived from the original on January 5, 2022. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  34. ↑ Hopewell, John (June 3, 2020). "'Mandalorian'-Style Virtual Technology Sound Stage Orca Studios Opens in Spain". Variety . Archived from the original on May 7, 2021. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  35. ↑ Wiseman, Andreas (January 21, 2021). "'Fortnite' Creator Epic Games Makes Foray Into Movies With Animated Pic 'Gilgamesh'". Deadline Hollywood . Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
  36. ↑ Takahashi, Dean (April 26, 2021). "Spire Animation Studios kicks off Epic Games' new Unreal Shorts animated film program". Venture Beat . Archived from the original on October 6, 2021. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  37. ↑ Giardina, Carolyn (October 22, 2022). "Too Much Volume? The Tech Behind 'Mandalorian' and 'House of the Dragon' Faces Growing Pains". The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on February 4, 2023. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  38. ↑ reallusionblog (June 30, 2023). "Lyle, Lyle Crocodile's Real-time VFX brings life to the dancing and singing crocodile". Reallusion Magazine. Retrieved July 24, 2024.
  39. ↑ Yee, Erica (December 14, 2018). "The real reason Epic landed a $15 billion valuation is not Fortnite's viral video game success". CNBC . Archived from the original on November 9, 2021. Retrieved July 19, 2021.
  40. ↑ Robertson, Adi (March 28, 2012). "Epic licensing Unreal Engine 3 for FBI training sim and other 'serious games'". The Verge . Archived from the original on November 15, 2022. Retrieved November 15, 2022.
  41. ↑ "Unreal games engine licensed to FBI and other US agencies". BBC . March 28, 2012. Archived from the original on July 4, 2017. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
  42. ↑ Brightman, James (March 27, 2012). "Epic Games launches Unreal Government Network for serious games applications". GamesIndustry.biz . Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
  43. ↑ Barrie, Allison (November 21, 2013). "Army, DHS join forces for virtual training tech for first responders". Fox News . Archived from the original on November 16, 2015. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
  44. ↑ Cowley, Dana (November 15, 2018). "Unreal Engine Wins Technology & Engineering Emmy® for Animation Production". Unreal Engine. Archived from the original on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  45. ↑ "Engineering Emmy Winners Announced". Emmys.com . October 8, 2020. Archived from the original on February 4, 2022. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
  46. ↑ Davenport, Chris (March 4, 2021). "Epic Games' Unreal Engine Will be Recognized at Annie Awards". Gamerant. Archived from the original on April 27, 2021. Retrieved March 7, 2021.
  47. ↑ "Front Line Awards 2004". Game Developer Magazine . January 2005. p. 14.
  48. ↑ "Front Line Awards 2005". Game Developer Magazine . January 2006. p. 17.
  49. ↑ "Front Line Awards 2006". Game Developer Magazine . January 2007. p. 14.
  50. ↑ "Front Line Awards 2007". Game Developer Magazine . January 2008. p. 24.
  51. ↑ "Front Line Awards 2009". Game Developer Magazine . January 2010. p. 11.
  52. ↑ "Front Line Awards 2010". Game Developer Magazine . January 2011. p. 19.
  53. ↑ "Front Line Awards 2011". Game Developer Magazine . January 2012. p. 10.
  54. ↑ "Front Line Awards 2012". Game Developer Magazine . January 2013. p. 13.
  55. ↑ French, Michael (July 16, 2009). "Develop Awards: The Winners In Full". Develop. Archived from the original on July 22, 2016. Retrieved July 15, 2016.
  56. ↑ Crossley, Rob (July 15, 2010). "Develop Awards: Unreal Engine wins tight race". MCV. Develop. Archived from the original on July 22, 2016. Retrieved July 15, 2016.
  57. ↑ Hoggins, Tom (July 21, 2011). "Develop Industry Excellence Award winners announced". The Daily Telegraph . Archived from the original on July 22, 2016. Retrieved July 15, 2016.
  58. ↑ French, Michael (July 10, 2013). "Game development stars honoured in Brighton". Develop. Archived from the original on July 22, 2016. Retrieved July 15, 2016.
  59. ↑ Kayser, Daniel (July 14, 2016). "Unreal Engine 4 Wins Develop Industry Excellence Award for Best Engine". Unreal Engine. Epic Games. Archived from the original on July 22, 2016. Retrieved July 15, 2016.
  60. ↑ Cowley, Dana (July 25, 2017). "Develop Industry Excellence Awards 2017: Best Engine". Unreal Engine. Archived from the original on August 5, 2017. Retrieved July 26, 2017.
  61. ↑ Barton, Seth (July 12, 2018). "The Develop Awards 2018: All the winners!". MCV . Archived from the original on February 13, 2021. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  62. ↑ Bell, Elliot (August 14, 2020). "Daily Crunch: Apple removes Fortnite from the App Store". Archived from the original on June 5, 2021. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
  63. ↑ Statt, Nick; Peters, Jay (October 9, 2020). "Epic judge permanently restrains Apple from blocking Unreal Engine, but won't force Fortnite". The Verge . Archived from the original on February 4, 2022. Retrieved October 9, 2020.

Further reading

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.