PRDX6

PRDX6
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1PRX, 5B6N, 5B6M
Identifiers
Aliases	PRDX6 , 1-Cys, AOP2, HEL-S-128m, NSGPx, PRX, aiPLA2, p29, peroxiredoxin 6, LPCAT-5
External IDs	OMIM: 602316 MGI: 894320 HomoloGene: 3606 GeneCards: PRDX6
EC number	1.11.1.9
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human) [1] Band 1q25.1 Start 173,477,330 bp [1] End 173,488,815 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 1 (mouse) [2] Band 1 H2.1|1 69.75 cM Start 161,067,682 bp [2] End 161,078,789 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in corpus epididymis gastrocnemius muscle gastric mucosa amniotic fluid abdominal fat peritoneum germinal epithelium rectum left uterine tube caput epididymis Top expressed in left colon olfactory epithelium right lung right lung lobe corneal stroma seminal vesicula superior surface of tongue left lobe of liver left lung gallbladder More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function peroxidase activity catalytic activity protein binding peroxiredoxin activity oxidoreductase activity hydrolase activity ubiquitin protein ligase binding antioxidant activity cadherin binding glutathione peroxidase activity protein homodimerization activity calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity phospholipase A2 activity Cellular component cytoplasm cytosol membrane lysosome extracellular exosome extracellular region extracellular space azurophil granule lumen nucleus perinuclear region of cytoplasm Biological process lipid metabolism lipid catabolic process hydrogen peroxide catabolic process metabolism cell redox homeostasis neutrophil degranulation response to oxidative stress cellular response to oxidative stress glycerophospholipid catabolic process cellular oxidant detoxification positive regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 9588 11758 Ensembl ENSG00000117592 ENSMUSG00000026701 UniProt P30041 O08709 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_004905 NM_001303408 NM_007453 RefSeq (protein) NP_004896 NP_001290337 NP_031479 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 173.48 – 173.49 Mb Chr 1: 161.07 – 161.08 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Peroxiredoxin-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRDX6 gene. ^{[5] [6]} It is a member of the peroxiredoxin family of antioxidant enzymes.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the thiol-specific antioxidant protein family. This protein is a bifunctional enzyme with two distinct active sites. It is involved in redox regulation of the cell; it can reduce H(2)O(2) and short chain organic, fatty acid, and phospholipid hydroperoxides. It may play a role in the regulation of phospholipid turnover as well as in protection against oxidative injury. ^[6]

Model organisms

Prdx6 knockout mouse phenotype

Characteristic	Phenotype
Homozygote viability	Normal
Fertility	Normal
Body weight	Normal
Anxiety	Normal
Neurological assessment	Normal
Grip strength	Normal
Hot plate	Normal
Dysmorphology	Normal
Indirect calorimetry	Normal
Glucose tolerance test	Normal
Auditory brainstem response	Normal
DEXA	Normal
Radiography	Normal
Body temperature	Normal
Eye morphology	Normal
Clinical chemistry	Normal
Plasma immunoglobulins	Normal
Haematology	Normal
Micronucleus test	Normal
Heart weight	Normal
Tail epidermis wholemount	Normal
Skin Histopathology	Normal
Brain histopathology	Normal
Salmonella infection	Normal [7]
Citrobacter infection	Normal [8]
All tests and analysis from [9] [10]

Model organisms have been used in the study of PRDX6 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Prdx6^{tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi [11] [12]} was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists — at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. ^{[13] [14] [15]}

Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. ^{[9] [16]} Twenty five tests were carried out on mutant mice but no significant abnormalities were observed. ^[9]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000117592 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026701 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Phelan SA (Mar 2001). "AOP2 (antioxidant protein 2): structure and function of a unique thiol-specific antioxidant". Antioxidants & Redox Signaling. 1 (4): 571–584. doi:10.1089/ars.1999.1.4-571. PMID   11233154.
6. "Entrez Gene: PRDX6 peroxiredoxin 6".
7. "Salmonella infection data for Prdx6". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
8. "Citrobacter infection data for Prdx6". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
9. Gerdin AK (2010). "The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: High throughput characterisation of knockout mice". Acta Ophthalmologica. 88 (S248). doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x. S2CID   85911512.
10. Mouse Resources Portal, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
11. "International Knockout Mouse Consortium".
12. "Mouse Genome Informatics".
13. Skarnes WC, Rosen B, West AP, Koutsourakis M, Bushell W, Iyer V, et al. (June 2011). "A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function". Nature. 474 (7351): 337–342. doi:10.1038/nature10163. PMC   3572410 . PMID   21677750.
14. Dolgin E (June 2011). "Mouse library set to be knockout". Nature. 474 (7351): 262–263. doi:10.1038/474262a. PMID   21677718.
15. Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (January 2007). "A mouse for all reasons". Cell. 128 (1): 9–13. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018 . PMID   17218247. S2CID   18872015.
16. van der Weyden L, White JK, Adams DJ, Logan DW (June 2011). "The mouse genetics toolkit: revealing function and mechanism". Genome Biology. 12 (6): 224. doi: 10.1186/gb-2011-12-6-224 . PMC   3218837 . PMID   21722353.

Further reading

• Manevich Y, Fisher AB (June 2005). "Peroxiredoxin 6, a 1-Cys peroxiredoxin, functions in antioxidant defense and lung phospholipid metabolism". Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 38 (11): 1422–1432. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.02.011. PMID   15890616.
• Akesson B (May 1975). "Work in progress. Occurence [sic] of phospholipase A1 and A2 in human decidua". Prostaglandins. 9 (5): 667–673. doi:10.1016/0090-6980(75)90106-9. PMID   240188.
• Hochstrasser DF, Frutiger S, Paquet N, Bairoch A, Ravier F, Pasquali C, et al. (December 1992). "Human liver protein map: a reference database established by microsequencing and gel comparison". Electrophoresis. 13 (12): 992–1001. doi:10.1002/elps.11501301201. PMID   1286669. S2CID   23518983.
• Dawson SJ, White LA (May 1992). "Treatment of Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis with ciprofloxacin". The Journal of Infection. 24 (3): 317–320. doi:10.1016/S0163-4453(05)80037-4. PMID   1602151.
• Yeats DA, Bakhle YS (June 1989). "Phospholipases A2 and C of human lung; subcellular distribution and substrate selectivity". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism. 1003 (2): 189–195. doi:10.1016/0005-2760(89)90254-3. PMID   2730891.
• Nagase T, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Sazuka T, Seki N, Sato S, et al. (1995). "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. III. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0081-KIAA0120) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1". DNA Research. 2 (1): 37–43. doi: 10.1093/dnares/2.1.37 . PMID   7788527.
• Golaz O, Hughes GJ, Frutiger S, Paquet N, Bairoch A, Pasquali C, et al. (November 1993). "Plasma and red blood cell protein maps: update 1993". Electrophoresis. 14 (11): 1223–1231. doi:10.1002/elps.11501401183. PMID   8313871. S2CID   21447827.
• Kim TS, Sundaresh CS, Feinstein SI, Dodia C, Skach WR, Jain MK, et al. (January 1997). "Identification of a human cDNA clone for lysosomal type Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 and properties of the expressed protein". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (4): 2542–2550. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.4.2542 . PMID   8999971.
• Frank S, Munz B, Werner S (February 1997). "The human homologue of a bovine non-selenium glutathione peroxidase is a novel keratinocyte growth factor-regulated gene". Oncogene. 14 (8): 915–921. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1200905. PMID   9050990.
• Kang SW, Baines IC, Rhee SG (March 1998). "Characterization of a mammalian peroxiredoxin that contains one conserved cysteine". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (11): 6303–6311. doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.11.6303 . PMID   9497358.
• Choi HJ, Kang SW, Yang CH, Rhee SG, Ryu SE (May 1998). "Crystal structure of a novel human peroxidase enzyme at 2.0 A resolution". Nature Structural Biology. 5 (5): 400–406. doi:10.1038/nsb0598-400. PMID   9587003. S2CID   10737259.
• Chen JW, Dodia C, Feinstein SI, Jain MK, Fisher AB (September 2000). "1-Cys peroxiredoxin, a bifunctional enzyme with glutathione peroxidase and phospholipase A2 activities". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (37): 28421–28427. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M005073200 . PMID   10893423.
• Fatma N, Singh DP, Shinohara T, Chylack LT (December 2001). "Transcriptional regulation of the antioxidant protein 2 gene, a thiol-specific antioxidant, by lens epithelium-derived growth factor to protect cells from oxidative stress". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (52): 48899–48907. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M100733200 . PMID   11677226.
• Wagner E, Luche S, Penna L, Chevallet M, Van Dorsselaer A, Leize-Wagner E, Rabilloud T (September 2002). "A method for detection of overoxidation of cysteines: peroxiredoxins are oxidized in vivo at the active-site cysteine during oxidative stress". The Biochemical Journal. 366 (Pt 3): 777–785. doi:10.1042/BJ20020525. PMC   1222825 . PMID   12059788.
• Leavey PJ, Gonzalez-Aller C, Thurman G, Kleinberg M, Rinckel L, Ambruso DW, et al. (November 2002). "A 29-kDa protein associated with p67phox expresses both peroxiredoxin and phospholipase A2 activity and enhances superoxide anion production by a cell-free system of NADPH oxidase activity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (47): 45181–45187. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M202869200 . PMID   12121978.
• Manevich Y, Sweitzer T, Pak JH, Feinstein SI, Muzykantov V, Fisher AB (September 2002). "1-Cys peroxiredoxin overexpression protects cells against phospholipid peroxidation-mediated membrane damage". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (18): 11599–11604. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9911599M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.182384499 . PMC   129315 . PMID   12193653.
• Krapfenbauer K, Engidawork E, Cairns N, Fountoulakis M, Lubec G (March 2003). "Aberrant expression of peroxiredoxin subtypes in neurodegenerative disorders". Brain Research. 967 (1–2): 152–160. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(02)04243-9. PMID   12650976. S2CID   854144.
• Kuda O, Brezinova M, Silhavy J, Landa V, Zidek V, Dodia C, et al. (June 2018). "Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Defense and Peroxiredoxin 6 Are Linked to Biosynthesis of Palmitic Acid Ester of 9-Hydroxystearic Acid". Diabetes. 67 (6): 1190–1199. doi:10.2337/db17-1087. PMC   6463562 . PMID   29549163.